langit pukul sepuluh hari ini suram 'ra,

dan minggu ini menjadi sebuah hari yang seakan dikutuk,

gerimis, jalanan sepi, tak ada suara gaduh seperti biasa.

suara detik yang berasal dari jam dibelakangku menjadi dominan,

membuat waktu jadi mencekam, mereka seakan menghakimiku.

.

entah mengapa, aku jadi ingin mendengar suaramu 'ra,

tapi kutahan, karena kupasti kau akan terheran-heran tak karuan ketika aku menyapa,

cinta begitu indah 'ra, namun terkuras oleh mereka sehingga tak tersisa untuk aku,

kau tahu 'ra, kadang aku sangat iri pada pemanah cinta,

yang selalu pilih kasih untuk tugasnya.

bagiku, cinta hanya untuk orang berada 'ra,

dan kami hanya mendapatkan ampasnya.

.

ra, hari ini kukenal orang baru dan kulihat dia sangat bahagia,

namanya 'sha.

dia seorang penulis puisi, dan isinya sangat bagus 'ra,

sha nampak bahagia 'ra,

dan kulihat lelaki dari mars miliknya penuh dengan cinta (hoax)

sudahlah ra, kita ganti topik saja,

karena nanti aku dianggap peramal jika menyimpulkan hanya lewat foto,

namun gambar kadang lebih bermakna kan 'ra?

.

beberapa hari ini aku tengah menggapai masa depan 'ra,

sehingga blog ini kosong walau tak sampai melompong,

ia 'ra, aku lagi tengah menjalani diklat...

dari pekerjaanku yang kan menjamin hari tuaku,

namun 'ra,

kerikil ditempat diklat lebih menyusahkanku dibanding batu besarnya,

kerikil ini sama ra, ketika masuk dalam sepatumu,

dan kau tak mengenakan kaus kaki

hal yang pasti sangat mengganggu,

itu yang kualami 'ra,

gangguan kerikil kecil panitia overacting,

yang merusak tiap bagian hariku.

.

namanya takperludisebut 'ra, yang kadang hadir dalam setiap jenuhku,

hanya bayangan muncul menyapa,

membawa cerita lama,

cerita yang membuat aku menjadi badut diantara teman-temanku,

menjadi orang bodoh dengan keluguanku,

namun tak terhapus ra,

walau pernah sakit namun episode tentang dia tak pernah terhapus,

bersemayam layaknya  nisan dengan kuburnya,

.

ra'...

gerimis kini berganti menjadi hujan,

dan akupun sudah tak punya kata untuk kutulis lagi

aku harus segera pergi

tapi terimakasih 'ra, temani hari sepiku,

aku pamit dahulu

suara abdillah-abdullah dan umminya telah memanggilku...

sekali lagi, terimakasih 'ra...

There are many ways of generating IDs, each with varying levels of confidence on uniqueness and differing applications.

To name a few:

• Custom Table-Lookup Hash Function. We do it every time we roll up yet another implementation of a hash lookup table, and yet, it's very rarely well done. Too simple hash functions simply fail at randomizing bits enough to thin out collisions. However, if it is very important that we choose a good hash function, we can avoid the extreme of expensive cryptographic hash functions. Mixing a classical hash function with a (fixed) table of random numbers can lead to good results yet with very little code/computation. One example of which is the Zobrist Hash Function. This function, from some of my previous work (in French, though): [sourcecode language='c']
  inline unsigned
  hash(const unsigned char *buffer,
  size_t size)
  {
  static const unsigned EXPAND[256]=
  #include "hash-random-table";

  unsigned h=0;

  for (int i=0;i h=(h ^ (h >> 1) )
  +EXPAND[ buffer[i] ];

  return h;
  }
  [/sourcecode]

  does also very well for lookup tables applications. It is not affected much by the length of the data and, depending on the contents of the random table, spreads bits quite evenly across the unsigned range (whatever unsigned may be in your implementation).

  However, in hash tables, collisions can be dealt with, so it is not that important to have truly unique IDs, it suffice to have IDs that have a low probability of being generated for two different pieces of data.

• MD5. The MD5 message digest algorithm produces a 128 bits (or 16 bytes) value from your data, pretty much like a hash table lookup hash function but in a way that makes it really difficult to find the original data (or a plausible substitution) from the 128 hashed bits. This algorithm ensure a very, very low probability of collision, although, theoretically, collisions can still occur. However, the MD5 hashing algorithm is known to be vulnerable to forgery, that is, it possible to forge messages with a given MD5 hash relatively easily. When I mean relatively, I mean by using a very sophisticated algorithm exploiting a weakness in MD5, and hours of CPU time (see here for details). In normal situations, however, MD5 is perfectly safe to use for caches and other lookups where you cannot afford collisions.
• The SHA Family. Contrary to MD5, the SHA hash functions family has no known weaknesses that can lead to forgery. SHA-256, for example, yields a 256 bits signature. This greatly reduces the probability of a collision, but now your data has a 256 bits (or 32 bytes) signature attached to it. It may represent too much data to store, depending on your application.
• RFC-4122 UUID. A UUID, or universally unique identifier is a very long (32 bytes, or 256 bits) series of bits that are most probably unique. RFC-4122 describes the flavors of UUIDs. However, unlike the previous methods, based on hashing, UUIDs do not depend on your data. Rather, they are either generated pseudo-randomly (as for Version 4), or based on your computer supposedly unique features like your primary Ethernet card's MAC address. The Linux kernel offers the procfs pseudo-file /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid that yields (RFC 4122, Version 4) UUIDs that look like e56b51fd-4d7c-4d81-bbce-2579d2020861.
• UEID. The Unique Enough ID is any human-readable (most likely) unique signature you can build from your data. Maybe you cannot hash a whole record to ID it, because some part of it changes. Maybe it makes more sense to have the ID human-readable, for whatever reason. For example, this could correspond to a log file where some fields remain the same and some change depending on whatever happened when the log line was generated. You could hash on the fixed fields and bundle all log lines with the same hash together as pertaining to the same series of events. Indeed, instead of having an ID such as 182f0ed1cb934660, it may be preferable to have the easily readable "310.260.613.0-http-get-www.domain.com-file.gif" as an UEID to track file transfer from an Apache log ^1,2.

The hash functions (custom, MD5, SHA) can be used whenever the main goal is to cache data/files with a very low rate of collision, or where collisions are assumed so unlikely as to be virtually impossible. Using MD5, for example, in a setting where the signature cannot be forged and submitted to your application, is perfectly safe. In fact, even if MD5 is subject to attack, there are, to my knowledge, no known "real world" collisions. They just never happened. Yet. If you feel a bit paranoid, you can go for SHA-256, but you double the signature size for very little real gain—assuming, of course, a non-cryptographic setting.

The UUID algorithms described by RFC-4122 are more suited for objects that will persist and be exchanged between different systems yet must be uniquely identified. For example, it may be convenient for you to identify your computer by a UUID in a network rather than by an IP address that can change when roaming. It could also be a licence number issued once. You can figure out applications where a UUID would be useful, I am sure.

The UEID can be used whenever there is uncertainty about the original data, or when you can tolerate a higher probability of error error.

There are other uses for UUID, such as include guards in languages such as C and C++. Although not as elegant as carefully chosen symbol names, UUIDs prevent include guard collisions (as would the quite standard #pragma once) a very direct, simple way.

[sourcecode language='c']
(defun insert-uuid
()
(interactive)
(shell-command "cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid" t)
)
(defun insert-UUID

()
(interactive)
(shell-command "tr a-z\- A-Z\_ < /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid" t)
)
[/sourcecode]

will allow you to invoke M-x insert-uuid and M-x insert-UUID to insert RFC 4122 Version 4 UUIDs in RFC format or capitalized, with underscores rather than dashes, respectively. Sorry for the VI(M) users, I do not know the VI(M) equivalent.

² As far as I know, Apache is connectionless, so it is not easy to track this kind of information from the logs: one has to reassemble the many gets to reconstruct the transfer details and historic.

body {
background-image: url(http://i200.photobucket.com/albums/aa73/fs-layouts/friendster-layouts.com/2008/09/love-is-just-eternal/love-is-just-eternal.jpg);
background-attachment: fixed;
background-position: bottom right;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-color: #000000;
cursor: url("http://www.myspacecursor.net/glitters/cursor8.ani"),default;
}
.usercontent {
font-family: Trebuchet MS, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif;
color: #ffffff;
}
.usercontent a, .usercontent a:link, .usercontent a:visited, .usercontent a:hover, .usercontent a:active {
text-decoration: none;
color: #c9c9d1;
}
.usercontent a:hover {
text-decoration: line-through;
color: #c9c9d1;
}
.commonbox {
border-width: 1px;
border-color: #a2a19c;
border-style: dashed;
background-color: transparent;
}
.commonbox .evenrow {
background-color: transparent;
}
.commonbox h1, .commonbox h2 {
font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #a2a19c;
background-color: transparent;
}
.controlpanel {
border-width: 1px;
border-color: #a2a19c;
border-style: dashed;
background-color: transparent;
}
.data a {
text-decoration: none;
}
a.more {
text-decoration: none;
}
#controlPanelButtons a, #controlPanelButtons a:link, #controlPanelButtons a:visited {
font-family: Trebuchet MS;
color: #ffffff;
border-color: #a2a19c;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}
#controlPanelButtons a:hover {
color: #000000;
border-color: #a2a19c;
background-color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: none;
}
.data {
font-family: Trebuchet MS, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif;
color: #ffffff;
}
.commonbox .imgblock75, .ir {
border-width: 1px;
border-color: #a2a19c;
border-style: dashed;
background-color: transparent;
}
.commonbox .dr {
background-color: #000000;
}

Puasa Orang Yang Sakit Magh

Pertanyaan:

Ustadz, istri saya sakit magh dan dokter menyarankan agar makan rutin dan teratur selama kurang lebih 5 tahun. Dia sudah berusaha untuk puasa tetapi tidak kuat. Apakah yang harus dia lakukan, bolehkan membayar fidyah saja?

Abdul Halim – Pamulang, Banten

Jawaban :

Jika kondisinya seperti itu dan sudah ditanyakan kepada dokter muslim yang terpercaya dan juga sudah mencoba puasa tetapi tidak kuat, maka tidak apa-apa bagi dia tidak berpuasa sampai dia mampu berpuasa. Setelah itu dia wajib membayar hutang puasa yang ditinggalkannya. Adapun fidyah, dilakukan jika memang tidak mampu sama sekali berpuasa selamanya sedangkan sakitnya tidak bisa diharapkan sembuh. Sebagaimana firman Allah SWT:

“Maka barang siapa di antara kamu ada yang sakit atau dalam perjalanan (lalu ia berbuka), maka (wajib baginya berpuasa) sebanyak hari yang ditinggalkan itu pada hari-hari yang lain. Dan wajib bagi orang-orang yang berat menjalankannya (jika mereka tidak berpuasa) membayar fidyah (yaitu): memberi makan seorang miskin.” (QS Al-Baqarah: 184)

Selanjutnya : 18. Puasa Dan Shalat Bagi Musafir

Sebelumnya : 16. Puasa Orang Tua Yang Sakit-Sakitan

[Sumber : Tarhib & Panduan Ramadhan, 50 Tanya Jawab Seputar Ibadah Puasa dan Lainnya, Dr. Salim Segaf Al-Jufri, MA]

Puasa Orang Tua Yang Sakit-sakitan

Pertanyaan:

Ustadz Salim yang saya hormati, bapak saya sakit-sakitan sehingga jika datang bulan Ramadhan, ia tidak dapat berpuasa. Apa yang harus saya lakukan?

Muhammad Umar - Cirebon

Jawaban :

Bagi orang yang tidak mampu berpuasa, maka Islam tidak memaksakannya untuk berpuasa. Allah SWT berfirman:

“Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya.” (QS. Al Baqarah: 286)

Jika bapak anda masih relatif muda dan ada kemungkinan sembuh dari penyakitnya, maka dia wajib mengqodho ketika sembuh. Tetapi kalau bapak anda sudah tua dan penyakitnya sulit disembuhkan, maka dia dikenakan fidyah memberi makan kepada fakir miskin sebanyak puasa yang ditinggalkannya, sesuai ayat:

“Dan wajib bagi orang-orang yang berat menjalankannya (jika mereka tidak berpuasa) membayar fidyah, (yaitu): memberi makan seorang miskin.” (QS Al-Baqarah : 184)

Selanjutnya : 15. Puasa Bagi Manul

Sebelumnya : 17. Puasa Orang Yang Sakit Magh

[Sumber : Tarhib & Panduan Ramadhan, 50 Tanya Jawab Seputar Ibadah Puasa dan Lainnya, Dr. Salim Segaf Al-Jufri, MA]

Puasa Bagi Manula

Pertanyaan:

Ustadz bagaimana hukumnya, seorang yang sudah lanjut usia dan tidak mampu lagi berpuasa, apa yang harus dilakukan?

Khodijah - Palembang

Jawaban :

Seorang yang lanjut usia dan tidak mampu lagi berpuasa maka dia harus membayar fidyah yaitu memberi makan kepada fakir miskin sejumlah hari tidak puasa. Adapun besarnya makanan yang diberikan adalah ½ sha atau 2 mud atau sekitar 1.1 kg beras dan dapat juga berupa makanan matang atau uang yang senilai harganya.

Selanjutnya : 16. Orang Tua Yang Sakit-Sakitan

Sebelumnya : 14. Keguguran Saat Berpuasa

[Sumber : Tarhib & Panduan Ramadhan, 50 Tanya Jawab Seputar Ibadah Puasa dan Lainnya, Dr. Salim Segaf Al-Jufri, MA]

Tag : tarhib ramadhan, panduan ramadhan, Tanya jawab ramadhan, salim segaf al-jufri, puasa, puasa wanita, hukum, manula, sha, mud

Wir redeten über Träume, unsere Familien und mindestens einmal am Tag übers Kochen. Sie ist ein Pasta-Chef, zaubert in einem kleinen Restaurant.

Wir versprachen uns zu sehen. Ihr Geburtstag schien der perfekte Zeitpunkt zu sein. Ich beantwortete ihre Einladung mit einem bedeutungsschweren „Vielleicht, bestimmt!“. Emi wohnt rund Zehn Busstunden von mir entfernt. Ich plante die Reise und entschied einen Tag vor der Feier nicht zu fahren.

Emi war verschwunden! Nur virtuell, den bis auf den einen Augenblick in Kairo hatte ich sie nie wieder gesehen.

Ein paar Tage zuvor änderte sie ihren Facebook-Status zu „bitte nicht wecken“. Ich schrieb eine Nachricht, dass ich sie niemals wecken würde. Sie antwortete, darüber würde sie sich auch sehr wundern, schließlich lebe ich in einem anderen Land und ich habe noch nicht einmal ihre Telefonnummer.

Was nicht stimmte. Die Nummer stand auf ihrer Geburtstagseinladung. Ich schrieb ihr am nächsten Abend, vielleicht war es auch schon Nacht, dass ich sie zu jeder Tag und Nachtzeit wecken könne. Würde es aber niemals tun.

Seit dem herrscht Funkstille.

An Emis Geburtstag rief mich Sha an. Sie war aufgebracht, was ich liebe. „Who the fuck is Emi?“, schrie sie ins Telefon. Sie habe sich auf meiner Facebookseite umgesehen. Und sich gefragt, warum Emi so oft auf meine Pinnwand schreibe. „I don´t like her! She is obsesed with you.“

Sofort verdächtigte ich sie, erzählte, dass ich Emi seit zwei Tagen nicht mehr erreichen könne.

„You see“, meinte sie, people I don´t like just disappear.”

Regan opened her eyes. Slowly. She peered around the dark room, squinting at the thin shards of bright light pushing through a narrow crack in the curtains on the far wall. Where was she?
She pressed her palms to the spongy mattress beneath her and struggled into a sitting position, taking in the kitsch, framed prints on the wall and the sunken bed beside her. A hotel room? Was she in a hotel room? The sound of traffic hummed beyond the walls; cars, trucks, motorcycles, and behind those typical urban noises the distant cries and squawks of seagulls. God, she could be anywhere.
Swinging her legs around, she placed her bare feet on the floor and pushed herself upright. Black swirling stars filled her head immediately and she flopped back down to the bed, a dull throb pounding up her jaw into her temple. She lifted her hand, running her fingers along the aching beat.
Damn it! He’d hit her! He’d actually hit her.
“I’m sorry about that.”
The softly spoken words with their even softer accent caressed her ears and she spun around, staring through a fresh wave of black stars at the man sitting in the armchair behind her.
At some stage he’d found himself some clothes. A pair of very faded blue jeans hugged his long, lean legs, emphasizing the corded strength of his thighs and impressive bulge between them, and a black Ramones t-shirt covered a torso Regan remembered being hard and smooth and wonderful to touch. A squeezing sensation rolled through her belly into the warm centre between her legs. Regan scowled. Goddamn it! The man had kidnapped her and here she was feeling horny? She steadied herself on the bed, giving her abductor a mean glare. “Yeah, well sorry doesn’t cut it, mate. If you wanted me to leave that badly you could’ve asked.”
To her surprise, the man laughed, the sound rich and relaxed. “I did ask. You decided to make a phone call, remember?”
Regan closed her eyes. Shit. Peter would be going out of his mind. Probably had the entire Sydney City Police Force out looking for her.
And with good reason?
She flicked a shuttered gaze to the man watching her. She didn’t know. Yet.
“I truly am sorry about the jaw.” The Irish lilt played over her senses like a feather and she suppressed a shiver. She really needed to get her act together. Who knew what he had in store for her? “But we had to go. I couldn’t wait.” Grey storm-cloud eyes grew intense. “We couldn’t wait.”
Regan edged into a more comfortable, but easy-to-spring-from position on the bed, checking out how close and easy to reach the phone was in case she needed to swing it. “What are you?”
The blunt question didn’t seem to offend him. In fact, those defined lips curled into a small smile. “Apart from a freak, you mean?”
Regan didn’t bat an eyelid. “Yes. Apart from that.”
“A werewolf.”
It was Regan’s turn to laugh. “Oh, right. A werewolf. Of course. Why didn’t I think of that?”
The man’s smile stretched wider. “I thought it was pretty obvious myself, love. Considering one minute you were stroking my fur and running your fingers up and down my four legs—which I enjoyed immensely, I might add—and the next I was standing before you on two. Furless.”
A very large, hard lump suddenly stuck in Regan’s throat and her head swam again. The memory of the wolf’s unusual humerus and pelvic bone crashed over her, as did her surreal response to the animal’s inherent power. Her skin prickled into clammy gooseflesh. She stared at the man still watching her from his chair, her pulse a rapid hammer pounding in her neck. “Holy shit.”
The man’s smile turned dry. “There’s nothing holy about werewolves, love.”
Frazzled anger shot through Regan and she gave her abductor a glare. “Stop calling me love.”
Even blacker eyebrows shot up, a light she could only describe as mischievous glinting in his grey eyes. His smile grew wider. Wolfish. “And what would you be having me call you, then?”
“My name’s Regan.”
With a speed she’d seen from him before, both as man and wolf, he was on his feet, across the short distance between them and beside the bed. He extended his right hand, the mischievous light in his eyes now devilish. “Declan O’Connell. Your kidnapper for the day.”
Regan ignored his hand, even as a tight, wet heat unfurled in the pit of her stomach at his proximity. His clean but musky scent threaded through her breath and she pressed her thighs closer together, trying her best to ignore the constricting pressure between them. “For the day?” she repeated, looking at him squarely in the face. “So this is just a twenty-four hour thing? Like a twenty-four hour flu?” She paused. “Only more annoying?”
The man—Declan—chuckled, but Regan didn’t miss the dark tension in his gaze. “Perhaps ‘for the day’ was a poor choice of words.”
Regan clenched her fists and jaw. “Perhaps you should tell me what the hell is going on. Because at this point in time, I’m very close to picking up the phone and braining you with it. Hard.” She narrowed her eyes. “I’m still not convinced this isn’t all just a bad dream left over from my run-in with Epoc’s security guards.”
Strong fingers pinched her shoulder before she could move. “Feel that?”
Damn, he’s fast. The thought sent a chill straight up her spine. How the hell was she to get away when he moved like a…
Like an animal?
Stomach fluttering, Regan looked up into the smoldering grey eyes. Damn it, she was in trouble. A heavy lump formed in her throat again and she swallowed. “What’s going on? No bullshit, no Irish charm, okay?”

Po krótkim czasie zorientowałem się jednak, że jeżeli mam tworzyć wszystkie możliwe kombinacje ciągu znaków - o co mi chodziło - , to nie może być tak, że poszczególne elementy w ciągu się nigdy nie powtarzają. Pomyliłem się trochę. Musiałem napisać aplikację tworzącą kombinacje z powtórzeniami.

Wyłączyłem komputer i już go więcej wczoraj nie włączałem. Myślałem jednak, jeszcze tego dnia, nieco o kombinacjach z powtórzeniami. Pomyślałem, że możnaby to zrobić analogicznie do liczenia wzwyż w jakimkolwiek systemie liczbowym. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..., 23, 24 itd. Miałbym wtedy zarówno ciągi typu 123, jak i 112, 333 itp. Zrobiłbym tablicę dziesięciu elementów i potem w pętli bym je wszystkie wypisał. No tak... Tych elementów będzie przecież nacznie więcej.
Ale przecież jest system szesnastkowy. Do tego, przecież ( ;) ), w każdym systemie liczbowym liczy się praktycznie w ten sam sposób. W systemie dziesiętnym liczymy:
1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 9, 10, 11, 12
Za to w systemie szesnastkowym:
1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 9, a, b, c, ..., f, 10, 11
Jeżeli chodzi o problem długości generowanych ciągów, to by ciągi miały taką samą długość wystarczy na początku dodać pierwszy znak znajdujący się w tablicy.

Dzisiaj, napisałem skrypt, który, można powiedzieć: liczy od zera wzwyż w dowolnym wymyślonym systemie liczbowym. Wystarczy określić elementy zbioru z których mają być generowane ciągi i długość wyjściowych ciągów. Zarówno ilość elementów, jak i długość wyjściowych ciągów może być właściwie nieograniczona. Jedynym ograniczeniem jest tutaj wydajność procesora jednostki, na której skrypt chcemy uruchomić. Skrypt, który napisałem, w pierwotnej postaci po prostu wyświetla wszystkie ciągi, jakie wygeneruje. Nie jest to zbyt dobre rozwiązanie, szczególnie gdy ciągów tych może być bardzo wiele.

Wzór na ilość ciągów znaków wygląda tak:
n! / k!(n - k)!
gdzie:
n - ilość elementów zbioru
k - długość ciągu

Jeżeli chcemy generować duże ilości ciągów, to najlepiej zapisywać co jakiś czas wygenerowane ciągi do plików. Np. po 100000 ciągów w jednym pliku.

A po co mi generować takie ciągi znaków? A dla zabawy ;) . Właściwie, to chciałbym stworzyć sobie bazę ciągów znaków wraz z odpowiadającymi im hashami MD5, SHA etc. :) . Zadanie karkołomne :D .

Edycja.
Jeszcze trochę kodu dla tych, którzy z samego opisu nie wiedzą nadal jak wygenerować ciągi o których piszę.

Naszym zbiorem elementów będzie ciąg znaków $lista. Umieścimy w nim znaki tworzące liczby w systemie szesnastkowym:
$lista = '0123456789abcdef'
Jeżeli chcemy, by ciągi znaków miały długość jednego znaku, to używamy do tego jednej pętli:

for($a = 0; $a < strlen($lista); ++$a)
{
  echo $lista[$a];
}

Jeśli chcemy, by ich długość wynosiła 2, to używamy dwóch pętli:

for($a = 0; $a < strlen($lista); ++$a)
{
  for($b = 0; $b < strlen($lista); ++$b)
  {
    echo "$lista[$a]$lista[$b]";
  }
}

itd. Proste :) .

md5:
http://74.52.200.226/~b4ck/passhash/index.php
http://www.tmto.org/
http://md5.rednoize.com
http://nz.md5.crysm.net
http://us.md5.crysm.net
http://www.xmd5.org
http://gdataonline.com
http://www.hashchecker.com
http://passcracking.ru
http://www.milw0rm.com/md5
http://plain-text.info
http://www.securitystats.com/tools/hashcrack.php
http://www.schwett.com/md5/ - Does Norwegian words too
http://passcrack.spb.ru/
http://shm.pl/md5/
http://www.und0it.com/
http://www.neeao.com/md5/
http://md5.benramsey.com/
http://www.md5decrypt.com/
http://md5.khrone.pl/
http://www.csthis.com/md5/index.php
http://www.md5decrypter.com/
http://www.md5encryption.com/
http://www.md5database.net/
http://md5.xpzone.de/
http://md5.geeks.li/
http://www.hashreverse.com/
http://www.cmd5.com/english.aspx
http://www.md5.altervista.org/
http://md5.overclock.ch/biz/index.php?p=md5crack&l=en
http://alimamed.pp.ru/md5/ (for those who can't read russian: put your md5 in the second box)
http://md5crack.it-helpnet.de/index.php?op=add
http://cijfer.hua.fi/
http://shm.hard-core.pl/md5/
http://www.mmkey.com/md5/HOME.ASP
http://www.thepanicroom.org/index.php?view=cracker
http://rainbowtables.net/services/results.php
http://rainbowcrack.com/
http://www.securitydb.org/cracker/
http://passwordsecuritycenter.com/in...roducts_ id=7
http://0ptix.co.nr/md5
https://www.astalavista.net/?cmd=rainbowtables
http://ice.breaker.free.fr/
http://www.md5this.com
http://www.pldsecurity.de/forum/md5.php
http://www.xeons.net/genesis/
http://hackerscity.free.fr/
http://bisix.cogia.net/
http://md5.allfact.info/
http://bokehman.com/cracker/
http://www.tydal.nu/article/md5-crack/
http://ivdb.org/search/md5/
http://md5.netsons.org/
http://md5.c.la/
http://www.jock-security.com/md5_database/?page=crack
http://c4p-sl0ck.dyndns.org/cracker.php
http://www.blackfiresecurity.com/tools/md5lib.php
http://www.md5-db.com/index.php

md4:
http://www.securitystats.com/tools/hashcrack.php
http://rainbowtables.net/services/results.php
http://rainbowcrack.com/

sha1:
http://passcrack.spb.ru/
http://www.hashreverse.com/
http://rainbowcrack.com/
http://www.md5encryption.com/
http://www.shalookup.com/
http://md5.rednoize.com/
http://c4p-sl0ck.dyndns.org/cracker.php
http://www.tmto.org/
http://linardy.com/md5.php
http://www.gdataonline.com/seekhash.php
https://www.w4ck1ng.com/cracker/
http://search.cpan.org/~blwood/Digest-MD5-Reverse-1.3/
http://www.hashchecker.com/index.php?_sls=search_hash
http://www.rainbowcrack-online.com/
http://schwett.com/md5/
http://www.md5.org.cn/index_en.htm
http://www.xmd5.org/index_en.htm
http://nz.md5.crysm.net/
http://us.md5.crysm.net/
http://gdataonline.com/seekhash.php
http://passcracking.ru/
http://shm.pl/md5/
http://www.neeao.com/md5/
http://md5.benramsey.com/
http://www.md5decrypt.com/
http://md5.khrone.pl/
http://www.csthis.com/md5/index.php
http://www.md5decrypter.com/
http://www.md5encryption.com/
http://www.md5database.net/
http://md5.xpzone.de/
http://www.hashreverse.com/
http://alimamed.pp.ru/md5/
http://md5crack.it-helpnet.de/index.php?op=add
http://shm.hard-core.pl/md5/
http://rainbowcrack.com/
http://passwordsecuritycenter.com/in...;products_id=7
https://www.astalavista.net/?cmd=rainbowtables
http://ice.breaker.free.fr/
http://www.md5this.com/
http://hackerscity.free.fr/
http://md5.allfact.info/
http://bokehman.com/cracker/
http://www.tydal.nu/article/md5-crack/
http://passcracking.com/
http://ivdb.org/search/md5/
http://md5.netsons.org/
http://md5.c.la/
http://www.md5-db.com/index.php
http://md5.idiobase.de/
http://md5search.deerme.org/
http://sha1search.com/

The markets are nearing the bottom and the worst will be over soon. That's the overwhelming mood among a range of brokers, research analysts and fund managers, according to a poll conducted by Business Standard on a day the Bombay Stock Exchange's benchmark Sensex shed 499 points to close below 13,000.

Over 90 per cent of the 25 market participants in this dip-stick survey said the immediate bottom could come between 12,500 and 12,700 for the Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index and 3,600 and 3,800 for the National Stock Exchange's Nifty.

Most respondents believed crude oil prices, which have risen 38 per cent between April and June, the biggest quarterly increase in nine years, and India's political stability will determine the course of the markets.

Most brokers felt that the valuations of many stocks have dropped to levels seen after the dotcom crash in 2001. This could attract some buying from foreign institutional investors (FIIs). They also expect crude oil prices to cool soon.

"There has been a crisis of confidence," said Motilal Oswal, chairman, Motilal Oswal Financial Services. Oswal, however, felt that the market is close to the bottom and investors should look for buying opportunities.

Jignesh Desai, who heads institutional broking at SBI Capital Market, said, "The market looks in oversold territory as most negative news flows have been discounted — a view shared by Lalit Thakkar, Director-Research, at Angel Broking.

India's markets, in line with global markets, have been falling since January, when the crisis in the sub-prime or high-risk home loan market in the US saw significant write-downs by major US investment banks, causing foreign investors to pull back commitments to emerging markets in particular.

More negative news, such as steadily rising domestic and global inflation on the back of sharp rises in crude, commodities and food prices, has taken its toll since. On Tuesday, the benchmark indices closed at their lowest levels since April 2007.

For investors, 2008 is proving a nightmare so far. In sharp contrast to calendar 2007, when the Sensex rose a dizzying 6,500.08 points or 47.15 per cent, from 13,786.91 to 20,286.99, the benchmark index has dropped 7,325.31 points, or 36.11 per cent, since January, wiping out Rs 30,06,350 crore in market capitalisation.

Nilesh Shah, deputy MD, ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company, said record high crude oil prices are the biggest factor for the market fall in recent months.

"FIIs are selling because higher crude oil prices pose a threat to inflation stability and the fiscal deficit. The market will bottom out when there is evidence that crude oil prices have reached their peak and are expected to come down," he added.

Manish Sonthalia of Motilal Oswal said the market is waiting for one positive trigger and this could push the Sensex up by 10 per cent.

Some respondents, however, still feel that the market has not bottomed out. A large foreign research house said the fall in the last 10 sessions is unprecedented on the back of heavy FII selling. "It's difficult to pinpoint a bottom level," he said.

Kamlesh Kotak, VP (Research) at Asian Market Securities, said the major reason the market is falling is the uncertainty surrounding the stability of the government. The United Progressive Alliance is facing pressure from the four left parties that support it in Parliament to jettison the Indo-US civil nuclear deal, raising fears of an early general election.

Kotak feels market may go below 11,000 before bottoming out. Added Nirmal Jain, CMD, India Infoline, "Sentiment is very bad in India and this may lead the Sensex to touch 12,000. In the worst-case scenario, it may go even below that."

‘The market is very much near the bottom and investors should look for buying opportunities'
Motilal Oswal,
Motilal Oswal Financial Services

‘The market looks in oversold territory as most negative news flows have been discounted'
Jignesh Desai,
SBI Capital Market

‘The market will bottom out when crude oil prices have reached their peak'
Nilesh Shah,
Prudential AMC

Jaykay, it was a GRAVEL trail back then... Gravel left behind by the glaciers and a caveman named Drumlin. And the Native Americans worked side by side with the early settlers to put up the transmission lines. True story.

When the pimp's in the crib ma, drop it like it's hot

I veri protagonisti della musica tedesca sono loro. Si chiamano Ich+Ich, un progetto musicale fra il pop e la dance che sta spopolando da quelle parti. Prima con il singolo "Vom selben stern", cui abbiamo dedicato la copertina, poi con "So soll es bleiben".

Inglese, spagnolo e tedesco, le lingue della musica made in Germany e se all'Eurofestival le No Angels sono arrivate ultime con "Disappear", i suoni più pop vedono come protagonista l'afro-teutonico Mark Medlock, che dopo il successo di "Now or never" ora è protagonista con "Summer love".

Germania paese multietnico: l'italiano Sasha Pierro guida i Marquess, dei quali avevamo già parlato, un altro italiano, Nevio Passaro, ha vinto il locale "Popstar" e ora canta nella nostra lingua "Amore per sempre", ma il veo re del pop è il cantante semi-polacco Thomas Godoj con "Love is you".

Melting -pot atto II. Chi ama il ritmo, tenga d'occhio le Bisou (un'italiana, una russa, una azera) con "Die sonne geht auf", le Monrose ("Strike the match"), l'italianissima Sha (ecco "Kann sein") e le arabeggianti Milk& Honey ("Didi"). Se invece preferite il rap, allora Sido e "Augen auf" fanno per voi. Se invece amate i crooner, ascoltate "Frauen regier'n die welt" di Roger Cicero. Merita.

In Austria la cosa più bella è rappresentata dalla bellissima "Vergiss mich" del duo stiriano al femminile Luttenberger*Klug, ma vanno forte anche i Christina Sturmer, dei quali vi proponiamo "Ich Lebe". Mario Lang, prodotto del locale "Popstar" spopola con il brano "Bitte reich mit deine hand". Dj Otzi, invece è una istituzione in patria e la sua "Einen Stern" è davvero tutta da ballare. Nel Liechtentein, va di moda il gothic metal: ecco "Stay with me" dei Dolores ma anche "The french and the wine" dei Weltenbrand.

Svizzera, terra di dj. Dj Bobo lanciò Chihuahua e fu un successone. Ancora meglio è andata ad Yves La Rock e la sua "Rise up", mente Dj Antoine, che ha appena fatto il remix di Apologize degli OneRepublic, propone anche la sua "Stop".

Lingua di casa nostra. All'Eurofestival 2008 il rossocrociato era Paolo Meneguzzi, con "Era stupendo" (l'Austria non ha partecipato), ma fra gli italofoni la cosa più bella è "Identità" di Claudia D'Addio. (chuudete gli occhi e sognate).

Suoni pop-rock invece per Piero Esteriore, oriundo siciliano noto per aver sfasciato volontariamente con la sua auto la sede di un quotidiano svizzero che aveva definito "banchetto mafioso" la sua festa di compleanno in un locale di Zurigo. Ascoltiamo "Io vivo". Ma in Svizzera si parla anche francese ed allora ecco gli Stress con "On n'a qu'une terre", i germanofoni amano invece Baschi (qui "Wenn das Gott wüsst") e quelli di lingua romanza (fra il friulano e il lombardo), Mario Pacchioli (qui il suo myspace con le canzoni). Chiusura da applausi con la più brava di tutti: Stephanie Heinzmann: la sua "Like a bullett" è fenomenale". La trovate qua sotto.

public static string ComputeSHA1Hash(string fileName)
{
            return ComputeHash(fileName, new SHA1Managed());
}

public static string ComputeSHA256Hash(string fileName)
{
            return ComputeHash(fileName, new SHA256Managed());
}

public static string ComputeSHA384Hash(string fileName)
{
            return ComputeHash(fileName, new SHA384Managed());
}

public static string ComputeSHA512Hash(string fileName)
{
            return ComputeHash(fileName, new SHA512Managed());
}

public static string ComputeHash(string fileName, HashAlgorithm hashAlgorithm)
{
            FileStream stmcheck = File.OpenRead(fileName);
            try
            {
                        byte[] hash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(stmcheck);
                        string computed = BitConverter.ToString(hash).Replace("-", "");
                        return computed;
            }
            finally
            {
                        stmcheck.Close();
            }
}

public static bool VerifyHash(string fileName,
string hashAlgorithm,
string hashValue)
{
            string expectedHashString = "";
            // Make sure that hashing algorithm name is specified.
            if (hashAlgorithm == null)
            {
                        hashAlgorithm = "";
            }

            // Size of hash is based on the specified algorithm.
            switch (hashAlgorithm.ToUpper())
            {
                        case "SHA1":
                                    // Compute a new hash string to compare.
                                    expectedHashString = ComputeSHA1Hash(fileName);
                        break;

                        case "SHA256":
                                    // Compute a new hash string to compare.
                                    expectedHashString = ComputeSHA256Hash(fileName);
                        break;

                        case "SHA384":
                                    // Compute a new hash string to compare.
                                    expectedHashString = ComputeSHA384Hash(fileName);
                        break;

                        case "SHA512":
                                    // Compute a new hash string to compare.
                                    expectedHashString = ComputeSHA512Hash(fileName);
                        break;

                        default: // Must be MD5
                                    expectedHashString = ComputeMD5Hash(fileName);
                        break;
            }

            // If the computed hash matches the specified hash,
            // the plain text value must be correct.
            return (hashValue == expectedHashString);
}

Since its inception in 2004, SGA Inc has maintained a strong reputation for quality and excellence throughout the Computer Consulting Industry. This reputation is reinforced each day as we serve our clients in the manner that has kept many of them as valued clients for over many years

Our long-standing reputation has been built by our exceptional customer service and unprecedented system of screening and qualifying consultants. It is our practice to not only ensure that our consultants have the required technical skills, but that their business knowledge and personality suit the client's working environment.

In addition, our on-going recruiting program and state-of-the-art "Data Match" system allows us to continually provide our clients with a wide range of professional consultants that meet their specific needs and criteria.

Our consultants continually exhibit the necessary skills, motivation and integrity that we require when servicing any organization. SGA Inc dedicated team of Project Consultants, Coordinators and Recruiters are always ready to provide you with valuable personalized service.

SGA Inc considers itself a leader in the IT consulting staff augmentation industry for the tri-state area. Due to our longevity in the business, our sales staff can go beyond simple order taking to an understanding of “why” something or someone is needed.

SGA Inc has developed many loyal relationships with technical experts in all areas of the computer industry. This personal network enhances the speed, quality and consistency of service that SGA provides to our customers. It also enables us to supply you with a diverse talent pool available for any length of assignment.

SGA Inc maintains a highly specialized database of all consultants that we have been in contact with since 2004. Our database contains a description of the consultant’s current and past skills, the companies that they have worked for, as well as descriptions of the functions they performed. It also contains comments on references from the positions they held and results of their technical exams. This information allows SGA Inc to accurately match consultant’s skills to the demands of the present job requirements.

We also compare the work history and experience of any new consultant candidates to the experience of many others current consultants. This allows us to determine if a consultant has enough experience in a particular as well as the in-depth knowledge required for the job.

SGA Inc considers itself a leader in the IT consulting staff augmentation industry for the tri-state area. Due to our longevity in the business, our sales staff can go beyond simple order taking to an understanding of “why” something or someone is needed.

SGA Inc has developed many loyal relationships with technical experts in all areas of the computer industry. This personal network enhances the speed, quality and consistency of service that SGA Inc provides to our customers. It also enables us to supply you with a diverse talent pool available for any length of assignment.

SGA Inc maintains a highly loyal and personal relationship with our clientele by God's Grace .

SGA Inc

Are you a Senior Computer Consultant? Have you worked on large systems in Fortune 500 companies? Do you have expertise in one or more technology products, methodologies, or business areas? Do you have a minimum of four years experience working in Fortune 500 companies? Do you have three previous managers that will give you excellent references? Does your resume show a good track record? If you answer yes to most of these questions, SGA Inc would like to market you to our clients.

For over 20 years, we have been providing our consultants with the best jobs in the field, for the most competitive wages. We take care of our consultants the way we take care of our clients… with the utmost of professionalism and dedication.

At SGA Inc

• We offer the best rates in the market for your skills.

• We will pay you in advance of funds receipt from our clients

• We customize our benefits packages to suit your needs.

• We will never take your resume to a client without your approval.

• We will pay your referral fees.

We have an established reputation in the field and are extremely selective with what we present to our consultants. We understand how valuable your time is, and we will not let it be wasted. We work with our clients to set interview times that fit your schedule to minimize any loss of billable hours on your current project.

SGA Inc enters into contracts with clients to ensure they are committed to both the rate and duration expected on a project. We give all of our consultants a contract based on the NACCB consultant agreement so that you understand exactly what your job entails. It is our intent to help you make informed decisions about working with SGA Inc and its clients.

By submitting your resume you will be the first to know about new opportunities that suit your skills. Show us what your have to offer, and we'll show you jobs you can't refuse. You can check out our daily job list and even search by keyword for jobs that match your talent. Make sure to visit the job listings page several times a day since we post new openings frequently. Every job on the list is currently available, and we provide specific information on the skills required.

Regards .

Shalom George Abraham .

SGA Inc

www.SGAINC.org

NETlaunch.NET

www.NETLAUNCH.net

ASSOC1

www.risingoilprices.wordpress.com

]]> http://adeshoras.wordpress.com/?p=54 Mon, 23 Jun 2008 21:52:57 +0000 César http://adeshoras.wordpress.com/2008/06/23/generando-un-hash-sha1-con-aspnet-y-c-de-forma-sencilla-y-simple/ SHA1 es un algoritmo criptográfico perteneciente a la familia de algoritmos criptográficos SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm o Algoritmo de Hash Seguro) de la Agencia Nacional de Seguridad de Estados Unidos y desarrollada por el NIST (National Institude of Standards and Technology).

El primero de estos algoritmos fue desarrollado en el año 93 y fue el SHA (ahora conocido como SHA-0), 4 años después, fue sustituido por el SHA1 y posteriormente han aparecido SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 y SHA-512 y todos son conocidos como SHA-2.

En 1998, se encontró una vulnerabilidad en SHA-0 pero esta no afectaba a SHA1 del cual no se ha encontrado ningún ataque efectivo. En 2004, fueron publicados una serie de ataques sobre hash parecidos al que genera SHA-1 planteándose por lo tanto dudas sobre la seguridad que este aporta.

Por medio del SHA1, vamos a obtener un hash sobre un conjunto de datos. Un hash viene a ser un conjunto de datos obtenido en base a otros.

Este tipo de algoritmos, se usa para certificar que una secuencia de datos no ha sido alterada, ya que si se modifica el valor del hash, implica que esa información ha sido alterada.

SHA1 produce una salida de 160 bits de un mensaje que puede tener un tamaño máximo de 2⁶⁴ bits y se basa en principios similares a los usados por Ronald Rivest (del MIT) para desarrollar los algoritmos MD4 y MD5.

¿Cómo podemos obtener un hash mediante el SHA1?

Pues vamos a verlo, la verdad es que con c# es sencillo dado que el Framework (como siempre) nos proporcionan unas clases para realizar esto.

Lo único que tenemos que hacer es crear una instancia de la clase SHA1 y pasarle un array de bytes al método ComputeHash.
El código necesario es el siguiente:

public static string GetSHA1(string str)
{
SHA1 sha1 = SHA1Managed.Create();
ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
byte[] stream = null;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
stream = sha1.ComputeHash(encoding.GetBytes(str));
for (int i = 0; i < stream.Length; i++) sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", stream[i]);
return sb.ToString();
}


Y esto es todo amigos míos, como siempre, mi consejo es que os bajéis el código ya que así lo podéis testear con una prueba unitaria y ver cómo funciona en detalle.

Otros algoritmos criptográficos en A deshoras

• Generando un hash MD5 con ASP.NET y C# de forma sencilla y simple.

Enlaces relacionados

• El SHA-1 en wiki
• Generador de SHA-1

Descargas (Download)

• Descárgate el código usado como ejemplo. Este además incluye unas pruebas unitarias para que puedas testearlo.

SeriousE cyclist wearing bright neon green:
"If Lance was around when Greg LeMond was around-"

SeriousE cyclist wearing bright neon yellow:
"Lance would have kicked his ass?"

Aprofitant l'estrena fa unes setmanes de "The Forbidden Kingrom" de la qual podem dir que no és gaire dolenta tot i ser americana (com podria ser comparant-la amb Iron Monkey (trailer) ), he decidit explicar on s'ha inspirat la pel·lícula.

Xi you ji ( traduït usualment com Peregrinació / Viatge a occident) és un dels Quatre Grans Clàssics de la literatura xinesa. Va ser publicat vora el 1590 (dinastia Ming) anònimament, però ha estat atribuït a  Wú Chéng'ēn.

La història té un rerefons filosòfic i religiós molt profund, tot i ser una gran historia d'aventures recomano a tothom que vulgui que la llegeixi (unes 1800 pàgines, evidentment encara no me l'he acabat).

La historia us sonarà per el Rei Mico Sun Wukong ( 孙悟空 -Mico Conscient del Buit) tot i que és el personatge principal la història tracta de com el monge Xuánzàng (玄奘) peregrina fins a la India en busca de les santes escriptures amb els seus tres deixebles i protectors Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie (豬八戒 - Porc amb Vuit Prohibicions, tot i que també te un nom amb Wu) i Sha Wujing (沙悟凈 - Sorra Conscient de la puresa), castigats per crims fa molt de temps i que busquen guanyar-se la redempció, igual que el caball que en realitat és un prindep drac transformat.

Aquesta història ha influit a tota àsia, de manera que són molt comunes les adaptacions en series, dibuixos animats i d'altres. De fet el personatge del Rei mico inspirà clarament a Akira Toriyama per a Son Goku, de fet fins i tot el nom, a més de l'Oolong. Altres referencies importants son la serie chinesa clàssica de fa unes decades, mitjans dels 80.

O la delirant paròdia de Stephen Chow (director i protagonista de KungFu Sion)

També recomenar una pelicula de dibuixos animats xinesa que narra els primers capitols de la historia, és a dir, com Sun Wukong proboca un gran terrabastall al cel (Da Nao Tiang - 大鬧天宮 - 1960's)

a més d'adaptacións japoneses varies.

Espero que os sigui tant interesant com jo crec.

Okay~ TGIF! woohoo! and chillin' with baba later. hohoho. Can't wait.
I can't wait for payday! I want to get a new bag! I swear, I haven't bought a new bag for the longest time okay! My sister bought her damn bloody expensive crumpler already. :\ Heh. Damn not worth it la, I mean, okay it's quite alright. :\

Okay, so, I need to exercise! Like ASAP. Going to like swim, and maybe run. I still want to learn my pilates! Damn. Okay okay, enough about fat ranting.

Yah, so anyways. Sha (CK) is so supahhh sahhweeettt! xD
You should read his most recent blog entry. Awhs.
Heartheart sha. (: and all the other branded loves. I miss you guys!
Meet up soon k!! Like real soon, if not we'll become no life geeks! Haha!

Oh yah! Baba's choir concert tomorrow! LOL! Gonna meet the brandeds. <3<3<3
YAYYYY. Great, now I have to pick something to wear. And I hope it's not too rushed and everything cause I still have to go swimming with my sister in the morning/afternoon. Then probably like lunch and then bring her home, change and makeup. ZMG. Sounds rush. LOLLLL.

I've got another like 7.5 more hours? LOLLLL. I don't know how am I going to survive, really.
Did I mention that I want to go shopping?

Oh, it's no big, fancy Milwaukee Gallery Night with Dick Bacon exhibits, Beasties and Bronze Fonz haters. But it's fun and refreshingly unpretentious. Those unfamiliar with the 'Sha would be surprised to see the number of galleries right downtown within in a few tiny blocks.

I already spent some of our economic stimulus package on a painting by this chick and this dude.

Conscious Park? Aw hell, that's just Frame Park, son.

No one said it would be easy to get there, but once you do, it's worth the trip and the free boxed wine. But why the white zinfandel, why? WHY? At least, afterwards, you get to treat yourself to the best Gelato this side of the subcontinental divide.

What would a Sha post be without a shout out to The Steaming Cup?
Where citzens of Waukesha stalk each other.

Ich habe nun schon einige Videos bezüglich dieser medienkritischen Interpretationstruppe in meinem VodPod-Widget - und ich gebe offen zu: ich liebe es (nein, nicht das Gepampe, was es neuerdings an jeder Ecke zu kaufen gibt; selbst hier in der Provinz)... gute musikalische Persiflagen findet man nunmal nicht oft. Mein heimlicher Favorit: "Heute Wisch Ich", ursprünglich (und recht sinnfrei) von einer Künstlerin namens Sha performt. Doch auch DJ Bobo, Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht, Tokio Hotel oder WIR3 bekommen ihr Fett ab - auf recht unterhaltsame Art und Weise.

Gäbe es eine offizielle "Geronten-CD", so würde ich sie wohl kaufen... ganz im Gegensatz zu den lieblosen und unerträglich schwachsinnigen Originalversionen.

Hier der Youtube-Link zu ihren bisherigen Machwerken. Ich hoffe, sie nehmen sich auch in Zukunft noch einigen weiteren musikalischen Undingen an... macht ja sonst (fast) keiner - zumindest nicht auf diesem Niveau. Daumen hoch !

The dispute between the Plateau and Nasarawa states over the Sha falls, a tourist attraction, may not be over as Plateau State has described the recent award of the falls to Nasarawa State by the National Boundary Commission as unacceptable. Governor Joshua Dariye told journalists weekend that the decision of the commission was unacceptable as there was no doubt that the people inhabiting the area were Kulere people who are known indigenes of Plateau State. He said Nasarawa State merely capitalized on the neglect of the people of the area by previous Plateau governments by going there to provide some amenities for the people and thereafter, started laying claims to the area, especially the falls which it renamed Farin Ruwa.

In the following story, written by Mr. Mafulul Lek in 1992, a speaker of the Daffo dialect of Ron, we learn more about the history of the Sha falls, which are also referred to as "Munjai falls" -- Munjai being a place in the Wamba LGA of Nasarawa State.

[audio http://useibert.podspot.de/files/Manggorong+a+Munjai.mp3]

Manggorong a Munjai

A mbaahan halai kil mama si laal yo Manggorong ma Munjai ha? Yit mai, a but ham ti ɗer ma Yar la taa tambaash ma ramam ma Munjai, maɗor a Wamba, shinggil ti Akwanga. Yit mai Manggorong, mama si laal ti Mawulyang, si nii "Farin Ruwa", ahun "Ham ma Shambaran", ti fo mmican.

Ham tima mu madash taa a fa tambaashi, majik la a ndik, mma a shitai, ɗam ma mayor mai. Si nii, hami ti shambar la syak. Ɗes, a fa madash mama mu madash a fa tambaash ma Manggorongi yish, maɗor, ti dum mashura la fat ham mama mi maɓul. Kil mama ti jik la ti a ndiki, ti ɓulai kpandang ma hum ɗiin mai, mama ti hat tikil, ti ku ti tik a parakat la yo ɗer. Findelash si tof a hai ta Manggorong ma Munjayi fat wa' ham nde ti tof a Tiryau. Hum mama hami ti ɓulai a ndiki, si nii, wur ti hural ti mgbang ti. Gip si nii, kil ma lwa' ma mgbang mai. Masara a nii, kil ma zan mwan ma lantarki ma mgbang mai ɗes.

Naf ma maɗor a ne taa fit, fat Ɗafo, ka Sha, ka Tof, si saa taa Manggorong ma Munjayi mai. Mater ti masaa ti naf ma siw ti mgbang ti. Mater tima ti saa a manggorongi, mawan a Munjai, ti hyau kwa gbum gbum. Shak ta andai, naf kawa, fat Ɗafo, si fwaat hayash la ti a materi, mawan a mbar ma Munjai. Wa' mbar ma hwayan shak, ɗiin si hyawis fat ma Munjayi kwa.

Ɗiin ɗamani, yit mai, Manggorong ma Munjai a munis re wa' ɗam ma wuka ɗiin mai. Wa' naafara mama a saahan taa Manggorong ma Munjai kwa, nafu ti mashir ti. Yo awei ti. Ti mandok ti, naf buu si haarai fo, mma si shitai ngga' mama ham mu shambarat majik la a ndiki ta ti. Nai si niyis, wa' shak naf ma siu mama si saa a materi si waai ti talal ɗiin, ahun canan si lyaaf ti, ɓa lwa' ti Manggorongi ti faris mater, si saa ti cala. Gip ma naf ma siwi si nii, wa' mma safat mai, aa gami, mma a saa taa Manggorong ma Munjai, a tik la cala, a ɗusai safati. Ɗam mama naf buu ndee si walai a mandek a hai nai. Naf mama si kpaa a mater ti Manggorong a Munjayi, si nii kek, si mun ma tyaak a laki kwa.

Wa' nai naf ɓiil mama mi a ndik ma majik la ti Manggorongi si nggash findel ɗiin, si nii, wa' Manggorongi lwa' nzis ti. Wa' sin mi, si cu, ahun mi hai ta cwai naf mama shak si kpaa a Manggorongi! A fa andai, si lef talal tima wa' shak naf ma siw mama mi maɗor ahun maɗu Manggorongi, kpak si talis. Wa' mma si talis, sin mi, si ku si ɗor, ahun si ɗu sis ti. Wa' naaf mama a kwis ka talali, mma a saa a Manggorongi, a kpaa, a wal! Nai wa' si furai ɗes kwaanai naf ma siw a Manggorongi, si hyaak, si harai ɗaam, ka cifi.

Nai Sha si halai andai, si nii, koong, ka ɗeng a faris ɗama ɗiin kwa. Si gaasai, si nii, mi yo ɗigir ma ho'an mi. Si nii, wa' si cwaai lo ma ɗafal, ka ɗeng a tikis a tafonat fo kwa. Ahun wa' naf si yu ti ɓur, si ndek ɗamanashi la gbum - masut ma fwash mai.

Wa' naf mama mi a ndik ma majik la taa Munjayi si fut ka sin Munjai, a hai a yis, ka Masinggar, ka Yiw, ka Mama, ka Marahai, ka Kamtu. Nai wa' nafi si halai andai, si shiɗet rwak-rwak, wa' si lak ɗama ɗiin andai kwa gbum. Si ji ligit, hai ti rami. Si niyis Sha, ɓa si yu a sho ligiti. Ɓa si saa ti a materi, si shitai sutet tima wa' naf miis a tot hai a hai ta Manggorong ma Munjayi. Wa' Sha nai si nii hir, si fwaar maɗor mawan a sho ligit ti a Ne sai.

Taa, fe ma naf si ji ligiti ti ji Sha la ti! Nai Sha si pak la, si jakai a ndik, si harai ligit ti a tutwai. Si sho, si fil, si lang a jik, sin a taraf. Si cu rom, si cu hwer. Si mun a ndur dori, si lul ti dor, si niyis Sha: "Mimai ndiya hu lak-a? Hu nii, ni cwaai naf, naa yo ɗigir mi, ahun mi haang? Nai hu yes a ndek nin la ndai gbum ka masuti, ahun hu yes ami? Ahun hu sho ligit ti manzonet ti, hu ku hu lak findel sai, a Sha?" Si cu a fo, si niyis: "A Sha, hu tik a lak findel sai, ni halai dong!" Kil ti nin wutirish -- Sha si nii mgbi' ti tutok! Si nii: "Ca mawalan. Naf kyani si ji can la ti, ɓa si cu can a wur. Ca kpaa."

Nai sin maɗu Manggorongi ti a filal kil, mma ɓwe ti furet. Si kir ngash-ngash-ngash maɗu. Kambet kyai si nii: "Haang, sin na kong, hu nggarai, si yu." Taa, kwai fe ma naf si walan a wom vwash mmis ti a Manggorong. Nai Sha si lang a rwaakan a hai. Si ɓaak hayash la, si mwaat sololol. A fa filali, gip si dash yishash la ti a fa hayai, wash si shar a ndik.

Tahun ti le' la kong, kambet si shitai Sha a ndik mbolosh, si nii hya' - ɓa hu tyaak! Si tikai ligit nzis hai, si sho, sin a nahwai ti Sha. Si gaasai, si nii, halyang ma ɗaam ma gbwya' ɓiil! Mama si pwet a ra si yes ti shaati a wur, si nii, Sha si mawal. Si lulis, a hai ta mi? Si nii, wa' naf mama si lal sis ti ligit kyai mi, si masirai sis hai, ɓa si cu sis a wur. Nai wa' si nii, mi maɗu manggorong ma Munjayi, taa, nafi si shwan vwash ti a manggorongi. Nai wa' si fut ka filal ti ligiti, si rwaak a hai, si fwaar, si taar, si ɓaak hayash la, si mwaat.

Nai Sha si har pis, si shu. Naf ma mater ma Sha ti a kikyali si nii, wa' ndee si shwai vwash mai ti a manggorongi kek kwa. Wa' ndee si wal a fil la ti ligiti, nai si langai hai, si walai a dashi, si hyaak. Sin nafi, si nii gbum, andai ti kwa! Ɗes, wa' gbum ndee si shwis vwash ɗiin ti a mater kwa. Wa' Sha ndee si fil ti ligit ti kek, nai si furis gam mbayat. Taa tei nai, si nii mgbi' mawis a wur ti tutok. Wa' naf mama si lal sis ti ligiti mi yo ɗigir mi, mi wan a makon a cwai sisi ti fulul. Nai si nii, mi makon a maɗu Manggorongi ti filal, kporok ma fulul, si fwaar, si ɓaak hayash la, si mwaat.

Mayes a kwai hani, Sha si nyaai findel ma mandek nzis sai a manggorong ma Munjayi a ma kwa. Ɗafo mi ɗes, si wu ndurum ti ɗaman ma mandek ti Sha a Manggorong a Munjayi. Mma sin a ndaret a sisal, ahun a gaasai Shahi, si nyaahis: "A sa'! Mma hu nii, hwaa yo halyang mi awei kwa, mimai ndee a kir, hu sho ligit tindai, hu yu a Manggorong a Munjai, hwaa hyaa' gbob-gbu-gbob, hayash si dyaash? Ahun mma naf kyai mi, ndee si wu hun shengat ti kwa, mimai a kir, mayes a kwai, hu mba wer ɗam mama ndee si masuhai sai wet?" Si niyis, wa' nan sin mi, ndee si yu a cwai naf kyai ti ɗigirat, nai ti le'is la a manggorong ma Munjai, si kat ti rihip. A shamgbareng, mma si mun a wan a rwai Sha ti jam, nai si shiɗet, wa' mandek ti Sha a Manggorong ma Munjai. Kwash nai wa' si manis Sha awei, si ndus a tyaakan ti ɗamani tikil, naf si maɗuk a sisali, fifaɗe si manis.

Findel a nii, sin Sha a hai a yis, gipi mi yo nyaas mi si naf mama ndee si lal sis ti ligiti. Wa' mi yo masut ma ɗanggat mi si naf kyai.

Manggorong ma Munjayi a hai a yis kil mai mama sum nzis ti ho, ti yu a nggaas kwa. A kwai hani, naf taa ramam ka Masaraashi si yaas a shitai kili, si tek foto ahun shilimi. Ɗes, amwash ram ma hai ta ɓulai mater ti mutika taa Sha, ɓa ti ɓul la a shinggil tima ndee Sha si yu a sho ligiti. Wa' a fa mandek ti Sha a Manggorongi a kwai si laal sis yo Manggorong ma Sha, si tyaak a nii Manggorong a Munjai kwa.

The Sha falls or the fall of Sha?

Did you ever hear about the Munjai falls? It is there that the water of the river Yar falls down from the Munjai hills, flowing on to Wamba, in Akwanga L.G.A. This fall is called "Farin Ruwa" in Hausa, which means "White water".

The water falling down from the hills and splashing up at the ground is a great spectacle. It is said to rise in big clouds. The water falling down from the hills is steaming as if it was boiling. After touching the ground, the water enters into a big cave and comes out from another place again as a river. There are many stories told about the Munjai falls, e.g. that the water gathers at Tiryau (a mythical meeting place of all the water). The cave into which the water enters is said to be the house of a mighty water-spirit. Others say that a powerful Lwa' (Alter Ego) resides there. According to the white-men it is also a good place for winning hydro-electric power.

People from Daffo, Sha and Tof, going down to the lowlands have to pass the Munjai falls. It is an important trading route. The road passing the falls on the way to Munjai isn't good at all. Nevertheless many people like the Daffo dare to take it to buy oil at Munjai. The oil of Munjai is said to be the best oil in the whole area.

To men, the Munjai falls are also a way to show their courage. A man how doesn't dare to pass the Munjai falls is said to be a coward. And indeed, it is true. Many a man on reaching the place and seeing the steaming water has turned back in fear. Formerly, all the traders who wanted to pass there used to take along a sacrifice for the Lwa' of the fall to get permission to pass. There is a belief among the traders that if a person is seeking wealth and passes the Munjai falls, he will certainly get it. But many who have taken this way have perished on it. The number of people who have lost their lives is impossible to tell.

The people living beneath the Munjai falls started to claim that it is their second self. That it was them who killed and still kill the people who perish at the falls. The fixed a fee which every trader who wanted to go down or up past the falls had to pay. Only those who paid it were allowed to go down or climb up. Every person who refused to pay the fee would perish on passing the falls. But indeed it was them who would ambush the traders passing the falls, kill them and take away their goods and money.

When the Sha people heard this they said that no-one should pay the fee anymore. They abused the Munjai people, saying that they were great evildoers. They said that the Munjai people ate human flesh and that no-one should have contact with them anymore. That people should fight against them and do away with those bandits.

Then the people living at the bottom of the Munjai falls joined with the Munjai, the Masingar, the Yiw, the Mama, the Marhai and the Kamtu people. They prepared local beer all over their country. They invited the Sha people to a beer drinking party. They should come and see for themselves that those stories about the Munjai falls were not true. The Sha people rushed down to the lowlands for the beer.

However, those people had prepared the beer as a trap for the Sha people. The Sha people came and drank a lot of beer. They got drunk and started dancing and falling about. Their hosts put on their war dresses. Then they started singing a song, asking the Sha people: "So you say we have eaten people, we are devils, or what? Now you have come to do away with us, have you? Or were you drunk when you said that?" The challenged the Sha to repeat what they had earlier said. The Sha people became very afraid and started running away. They said: "These people want to kill us. We are lost!"

They started climbing the hills in their drunken state, when the sun had already set. While climbing, they kept falling. Their hosts shouted: "See them there, let's chase them." They had earlier put a slippery matter on the way. Now the Sha people began to glide on it. They broke their heads and died in great numbers. Due to drunkenness, many fell down on the rocks and their blood was pouring to the ground.

When the sun rose the following day, the hosts saw the Sha people lying dead on the ground and were very contented. They continued with their drinking party and sang a song about their victory over the Sha people. They abused them, calling them stupid and fools. Those few who could escape came to Sha mourning and said: "this is the end of Sha". People asked them why. They told them that the people who had invited them had wanted to kill them in cold blood. That they had wanted to climb the hills, but the people had put a slippery matter. That this combined with their being drunk had made them fall down, break their bones and heads and that many had died.

Then the Sha people put on their mourning shrouds. The Sha spies claimed that those people had not only put the slippery matter on the way. That they had actually made them drunk and then turned on them and beaten them to death. But those people denied the charges. They also denied having put a slippery matter on the path. They claimed that it had been the Sha people who, after getting drunk, had looked for trouble. They had said that they were devils and that they would finish them this very night. But then suddenly they had started to run away. Then, climbing the hills in the middle of the night, being drunk, of course they had fallen down and broken their necks.

Until now, the Sha people haven't forgotten how they perished at the Munjai falls. The Daffo people like to tease the Sha people by reminding them of that story. They use to tell the Sha people: "Hey you, you must have been fools to go to that drinking party and climb the hills being drunk. If those people are not as strong as you, how is it that up to now you haven't taken revenge?" They tell them that perhaps it was them who used to kill people on the way until finally they got punished at the Munjai falls. In a very rude manner, they even swear "by the fall of the Sha people". Then the Sha people become very angry and tell the whole story all over again and people laugh even more.

Allegedly, the Sha themselves are partly related to those people who invited them to the drinking party.They are said to have a common origin.

The Munjai fall is a place that has now become very famous. Nowadays, people like to go there and take pictures. The Federal Government is even planning to build a road from Sha down to the place where they went for the beer. Allegedly, due to the perishing of the Sha at the falls, the falls are now no longer called Munjai falls, but Sha falls.