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	<title>robert-mckee &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/robert-mckee/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "robert-mckee"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 07 Sep 2008 01:52:14 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Donald Miller: Story]]></title>
<link>http://micahmcmillan.wordpress.com/?p=217</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 15:09:14 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Micah McMillan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://micahmcmillan.wordpress.com/?p=217</guid>
<description><![CDATA[About a year ago Donald Miller (who I mentioned in passing in my last post) gave a talk at Mars Hill]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>About a year ago Donald Miller (who I mentioned in passing in <a title="Christian Gaming Junkie Part 2" href="http://micahmcmillan.wordpress.com/2008/08/26/confessions-of-a-gaming-junkie-part-2/">my last post</a>) gave a talk at Mars Hill Bible Church in Grand Rapids (no, not that other Mars Hill...).  I'm tempted to call this talk a "sermon" but that wouldn't be quite accurate, as his main source of inspiration is Robert McKee's book <a title="Substance, Structure, Style" href="http://www.amazon.com/Story-Substance-Structure-Principles-Screenwriting/dp/0060391685"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Story: Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting</span></a>. Still it is one of the best "talks" (ok, just go ahead and call it a sermon!) I've heard in a long time, and it makes a lot of sense for those who enjoy looking at life through the lense of we're-part-of-something-more...</p>
<p>I'm a subscriber of the Mars Hill Bible Church podcast, and a big fan of Don Miller (not to mention the head pastor Rob Bell), so I'd like to pass along this really interesting lecture. It's a little longer than most of the media I post up here so take advantage of the fact that its a free MP3 (and totally legit, since it's distributed as a free podcast).  I'll bring up some of these ideas about Story and its themes in a later post, but for now here it is, <a title="Story, Don Miller" href="http://www.marshill.org/teaching/download.php?filename=MTExMTA3Lm1wMw%3D%3D">Donald Miller's talk on Story.<br />
</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Portability]]></title>
<link>http://rileyrichter.wordpress.com/?p=723</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2008 17:58:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rileyrichter</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rileyrichter.wordpress.com/?p=723</guid>
<description><![CDATA[You need to stick with me on this post . . . it sounds like it&#8217;s going to be about writing, bu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You need to stick with me on this post . . . it sounds like it's going to be about writing, but I am going to turn it on the church and I would love to gain your input.</p>
<p>I was thinking last night.  I was working on a few things - some artwork, a webpage, and I was running a story through my head.  Some of you know, others don't, that I have been wrtiting a lot lately.  To be honest I thought it was something I would be completely incapable of doing.</p>
<p>I thought this for a myriad of reasons, the biggest reason being I didn't think I had the intellectual ability to make it happen.  I have been writing in the form of screenplays - and I seem to be okay at it.  And I actually have a lot of ideas for stories, which was another worry of mine.</p>
<p>Anyway - I was sitting there last night I was trying to get past a roadblock in a story.  I just couldn't figure out what to do with it.  Then it hit me.  Portability.  I recently read the book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Story-Substance-Structure-Principles-Screenwriting/dp/0060391685/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1218476935&#38;sr=8-1">Story</a> by <a href="http://www.mckeestory.com/">Robert McKee</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McKee">Wikipedia Entry Here</a>).  It has been a great took to help me with the structure of my stories and the writing process. There was a point in the book where he talks about how no story is portable.  He will talk to a writer and ask him about his story's setting.  The writer will answer America - really it doesn't matter it works anywhere.  McKee's response is to say that assumption is untrue.  Divorce in Manhattan is different than divorce in the Bayou is diferent than divorce in Hollywood.  It absolutely matters where the story is taking place.  Your characters will react differently to different situations depending on the setting they are in.</p>
<p>This made me think about the church - why have we made our ministries portable?  Let me ask this a better way.  Why are we all doing the same exact ministries?  We have said it works for Saddleback, it will work for us.  That's great, but they're in socal and you are in the midwest.  Why aren't we defining and creating ministries because of the leading of the Holy Spirit and the weight of God on our hearts about the needs of the poeople around us?</p>
<p>I think this story principle applies directly to the church - we put up a church give it the same band with the same music and the same ministries and are surprised when it doesn't grow.  We have begun to ignore our local and global communities - we have disconnected from their needs and just made everyone elses ministries portable and decided they work for us like they did for someone else.  No more seeking God's heart.  Let's just stick to the box.</p>
<p>Now I get it - there are some ministries just generic enough that there could be a need for them everywhere.  Okay, but have we asked ourselves why and what that means for our commnunity of believers and for the community that surrounds us?</p>
<p>What do you think?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[My five MUST-HAVE screenwriting books]]></title>
<link>http://lawrenceyong.wordpress.com/?p=186</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 10:50:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dromoman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lawrenceyong.wordpress.com/?p=186</guid>
<description><![CDATA[As screenwriting book goes, there are too many useless passed on wisdoms from people who have NEVER ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As screenwriting book goes, there are too many useless passed on wisdoms from people who have NEVER sold a screenplay or a half.</p>
<p>But there are a few which are very useful. I am going to recommend the <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">ONLY FIVE BOOKS </span></strong>you need to read.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">STory by Robert McKee </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">- to know why the craft is  next to GODLINESS <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">-<br />
</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">Screenplay by Syd Field </span></strong></p>
<p>- to learn what is the difference between a 3-act, no act and 4-act or more ... --</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">SAVE the CAT - by BLAKE Snyder</span></strong></p>
<p>- to learn that screenplay can be fun even if cliche and some very practical tips.  POP screenplay philosophy 101.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>The Third Act - by Drew Yanno</strong></span></p>
<p>- to learn the perfect the most important part of the story,  often changed by filmmakers though.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">Adventures in Screen Trade by William Goldman</span></strong></p>
<p>- straight, honest, no punches pulled essays on screenwriting for Hollywood. He has a BIG EGO though.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Story summary - part 1 (pages 1-100)]]></title>
<link>http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/?p=58</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2008 15:27:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>deelaps</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/?p=58</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Found the first one hundred pages of the book OK, but part of me wanted to throw it over my shoulde]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Found the first one hundred pages of the book OK, but part of me wanted to throw it over my shoulder like a whisky stained, fag burnt self help book, that's just a sack of empty SFA. However every time I was about to throw in the towel out popped something; a little ray of sunshine if you will that cleared some cloud cover to some of the problems I've been circling in my own writing and before I knew it I'd turned another page and on we went... me and Mr McKee the guru, the snake charmer (oh I like that) and his story on Story. </p>
<p>Items in this part include: -</p>
<p>Extract: Pretty much a straight copy in the form of a golden nugget quote from the book.</p>
<p>Definition: One of Mr McKee's little terms that helps cherry pick key components.</p>
<p>Film Reference: This is where a direct film reference helps to give some perspective.</p>
<p>Extract:Page 12</p>
<p>Story isn't a flight from reality but a vehicle that carries us on our search for reality, our best effort to make sense out of the anarchy of our existence.</p>
<p>Extract: P 17</p>
<p>The writer shapes story around a perception of what's worth living for, what's worth dying for...</p>
[caption id="attachment_75" align="aligncenter" width="450" caption="time to die..."]<a href="http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/roy.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-75" src="http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/roy.jpg" alt="time to die..." width="450" height="288" /></a>[/caption]
<p>Extract:P24</p>
<p>Truth is located behind, beyond, inside, below the surface of things, holding reality together or tearing it apart...</p>
<p>Extract:P31</p>
<p>From an instant to eternity, from the intracranial to the intergalactic, the life story of each and every character offers encyclopedic possibilities. The mark of a master is to select only a few moments but give us a lifetime.</p>
<p> Definition: P34</p>
<p>A <strong>Story Event </strong>creates meaningful change in the life situation of a character that is expressed and experienced in terms of a value and ACHIEVED THROUGH CONFLICT.</p>
<p>Extract: P35</p>
<p>What value is at stake in my characters life at the start of the chapter.  Then turn to the end of the chapter and ask where is the value now? Has it flipped from positive to negative? If the value hasn't changed then you should ask, why is this chapter in my book?</p>
<p>Extract: P65</p>
<p>Each tale you create says to the audience: "I believe life is like this." Every moment must be filled with your passionate conviction or we smell a phony.</p>
<p>Film Reference:Dangerous Liaisons P83</p>
<p>Despite the antiquated setting, within minutes the audiance felt intimately at home with it's corrupted aristocats - they are us!!!</p>
<p><a href="http://wordwinder.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/lianna20fowler20dangerous20liaisons20320web.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-79" src="http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/lianna20fowler20dangerous20liaisons20320web.jpg" alt="" width="180" height="188" /></a></p>
<p>Extract:P94</p>
<p>Given a certain conjunction of events, we too could part company with reality.... our toughest task in life is self-analysis as we try tofathom our humanity and bring peace to the wars within.</p>
<p>Extract &#38; Definition: P95</p>
<p>The most important question we ask when we write a love story is what's to stop them. Who are the <strong>blocking characters / forces</strong>.</p>
<p>Pages 100-200 next.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Story summary part 0]]></title>
<link>http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/?p=43</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 19:58:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>deelaps</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wordwinder.wordpress.com/?p=43</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ok I&#8217;ve just read Story by Robert McKee in preparation of either rehashing my existing unpubli]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ok I've just read Story by Robert McKee in preparation of either rehashing my existing unpublished novel Surface to Air or as scary as it is starting on a new novel from scratch....</p>
<p>When I was reading the book I stuck in a little coloured page marker whenever something made sense, gave me a lesson if you will or a moment of understanding perhaps clarity about what's important in creating a Story that crackles with a life of it's own and infects your audience in a way you'd never dared dream of.</p>
<p>My intent then is to create a series of posts under the categegory of Story in this blog that will become my summary of what I got out of Mr MG's (as I'll now refer to him) well reknowned book; Story - Substance, structure, style, and the principles of screenwriting.</p>
<p>I hope it works for both those readers that have both read his work and those that haven't. To get your juices following here is a scene from the film Adaptation where the main character played by Nicholas Cage goes to an infamous Robert McKee seminar. It's a brilliant little insight into writer, guru... hope you enjoy this and my coming posts on Story.</p>
<p>Dave. </p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/_VseQe4TFsg'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/_VseQe4TFsg&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VseQe4TFsg"></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[My Painfully Slow Progress]]></title>
<link>http://novaren.wordpress.com/?p=835</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:09:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nova</dc:creator>
<guid>http://novaren.wordpress.com/?p=835</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I am plotting out my book in great detail, scene by scene by scene, a method I&#8217;ve only really ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am plotting out my book in great detail, scene by scene by scene, a method I've only really used for work-for-hire novels (because I had to, under the contract), but I guess for my own stuff it could be helpful, too. I don't have to stick to it exactly when I'm writing... But as I go I do feel the shapes coming clearer, the people. This is the whole point, huh? Well, don't say you told me so.</p>
<p>It is taking an exceptionally long time, I'm afraid. Some days it feels like I'm making no progress, but I have to be. Right, right?</p>
<p>As I work through the scenes I keep getting flashes of <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/10/20/031020fa_fact" target="_blank">Robert McKee</a>. He said a scene has to turn, so if you start in one direction, you can't continue on in the same direction and end just as you were. The emotional values of your characters are energized either positive (+) or negative (-), so if you start your scene at a high point (+), don't keep going + + + + and end on +—what's the point of the scene then? Start + and end -. Or start - and end +. You could even start + reach a moment of - and return again to +. That's my memory of it anyway. I realize I'm garbling the explanation, and I could look it up online but I don't feel like it. I just sometimes, as I'm working through scenes, have these little symbols hovering over my page. I'm all + -. Or - + -. Or + + + + + + + - + - + - - - - +, but no that's just crazy.</p>
<p>I'm sure I've talked before of that weekend I was forced to spent three days at Mr. McKee's infamous Story Seminar. I was sent by the job I had at the time—as an assistant editor for a comic-book company; they sent about a dozen editors so we could be better with plots... this was the summer of no flashbacks (seriously; flashbacks were banned). By the third day, I was so burned out, the hard seats of the lecture hall just killing my back, that I had to stretch out on the floor where I couldn't even see Mr. McKee (and I may have even, for a few minutes or so, napped? the people who paid their own money must have been horrified). It took me years to be able to watch <em>Casablanca</em> again.</p>
<p>But I guess that story seminar made its way into my subconscious, hearing him bark out his directives, hearing him attack people whose cell phones went off... his methods have seeped into me, as if from a dream. I think it's just actually really helpful, as a writer, to hear people talk about writing. The mechanics. The pieces. Their methods, even if they're not yours. Then you reinterpret them in your own mangled way, as I did this + / - thing, and make it your own. Hey, today, by the way, I woke feeling (-) for just a second but then felt (+) for many hours and now, though I have to go to work (-), I do have this outline to come home to tonight (+) and the stories I'm working on for my collection (+++) and I know I can't accomplish everything I want to this summer—I am slow slow slow (- - -)—I will still try.</p>
<p>(+)!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Creating a Character -- Part VI]]></title>
<link>http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/?p=173</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 15:29:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Bertram</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/?p=173</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The second half of a book is easy for me to write &#8212; I know the characters, their backstories a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The second half of a book is easy for me to write -- I know the characters, their backstories and motivations -- but I have trouble with the front part. My poor hero, Chip, has been running from a volcano for the past month while I've been trying to figure out who he is, what I need him to be, and what he needs to become.</p>
<p>According to Robert McKee in <em>Story</em>, "The most fascinating characters have a conscious desire and a contradictory unconscious desire. What he believes he wants is the antithesis of what he actually but unwittingly wants. (Although the protagonist is unaware of their subconscious need, the audience senses it, perceiving in them an inner contradiction.)"</p>
<p>After the volcano incident, Chip is going to meet an archetypal crone who was supposed to get him to thinking that now he wants a family (this after I've killed off almost everyone in the world and despite his need to be free) but it's too soon in the book for him to want that. It would change the way he interacts with his mate when he finally meets her, which means it has to be a subconscious desire the old woman invokes in him, which changes my perception of the story, which means my WIP comes to a crashing halt while I rethink Chip's wants and needs. And there he is, running from the volcano, waiting for me to figure him out so he can move on to the next disaster.</p>
<p>If a character wants something he himself doesn't know he wants, it brings out different facets of personality than if he does know what he truly wants. The secret is to give character hints for the reader to pick up on without the author (or an authoritative character) explaining it. Much of reading is subconscious. We notice things without realizing we are noticing them.</p>
<p>Robert McKee also wrote: "The revelation of true character in contradiction to characterization (the sum of all observable qualities) is fundamental to all fine storytelling. What seems is not what is. People are not what they appear to be. A hidden nature waits concealed behind the facade of traits."</p>
<p>If Chip doesn't know what he truly wants until he gets it, it also will add a different dimension to the theme, which is freedom vs. safety. He first chooses freedom, next he chooses incarceration and saftey, then he chooses the excitement and danger of freedom over the boredom of safety, finally he chooses responsibility, a different facet of freedom.</p>
<p>By giving Chip an inner character in contradiction to his outer one, he should become a richer character which in turn will allow the story to explore all the facets of the theme rather than the rather simplistic one of freedom vs. safety.</p>
<p>Now all I have to do is get the poor guy away from that volcano or else there will be no story.</p>
<p><a href="http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/2008/01/06/creating-a-character-part-i/">Creating a Character -- Part I</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/2008/01/07/creating-a-character-part-ii/">Creating a Character -- Part II</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/2008/01/08/creating-a-character-part-iii/">Creating a Character -- Part III</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/2008/01/09/creating-a-character-part-iv/">Creating a Character -- Part IV</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/2008/01/10/creating-a-character-part-v/">Creating a Character -- Part V</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Setting Should Be Integral to the Story]]></title>
<link>http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/?p=170</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2008 15:52:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Bertram</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ptbertram.wordpress.com/?p=170</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Characters interact with the setting as much as they do with the plot and other characters. In fact,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Characters interact with the setting as much as they do with the plot and other characters. In fact, setting can be used as another character, one that is implacable and without reason. Like a character, the setting can have scars, weaknesses, moods, even a personality.</p>
<p>The setting should be integral to the story. It needs to be more than a backdrop for or an introduction to the events. A static description adds nothing to the story's purpose. The setting should not be any old place, but a unique place that has meaning for the character. Setting can work for or against the character, but either way, it must be dynamic, otherwise it's just filling space.</p>
<p>Setting can create a mood. It can suggest the character's motives. It can predestine character in the same way we are all creatures of our environment. A person who grew up in the shadow of mountains is different from someone born by the sea. A child living in a mansion is different from a child of the streets.</p>
<p>Setting can help move plot along. Whenever things slow down, the introduction of a real or perceived change in the setting can deepen the character's conflicts. Maybe the character sees things he never noticed before; maybe those familiar things now seem menacing. Or perhaps the weather can take a disastrous turn.</p>
<p>Every description of a place should have a memorable quality that hints at the story's meaning. In <em>Story</em>, Robert McKee wrote, "The irony of setting vs. story is this: the larger the world, the more diluted the knowledge of the writer, therefore the fewer his creative choices and the more clichéd the story. The smaller the world, the more complete the knowledge of the writer, therefore the greater his creative choices. Result: an original story without clichés."</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Script Presentation and Delivery]]></title>
<link>http://kerrymedianetwork.wordpress.com/?p=20</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2008 12:33:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>videofreek</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kerrymedianetwork.wordpress.com/?p=20</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s brilliant! You&#8217;ve just written the most original screenplay with Celtx or Scripped ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It's brilliant! You've just written the most original screenplay with Celtx or Scripped and now no-one wants to even read it.  Why?</p>
<p>Production studios, agents, and actors receive thousands upon thousands of unsolicited scripts per year but most of these scripts will remain unread or sitting in the slush pile because the industry is bombarded on a daily basis with amateurish, poorly constructed screenplays.  So, when your script arrives in an unsolicited envelope what's our reader expecting? Probably the same thing as the last 100 scripts he's just read. Shite.</p>
<p>Here's a few hints to getting your script out of the slush piles and read:</p>
<p><strong>1. Schmooze</strong></p>
<p>A professional writer once told me that one of the most important skills to learn as a writer is to schmooze and network.  I used to find this insulting because I was naive enough to believe that I was strong enough a writer not to rely on sipping wine and talking cheese at pretentious party gatherings.</p>
<p>Over the years I began to finally see writing as business and appreciated the true worth of getting out there and making solid contacts in the industry.  Write yourself a "calling card" script and send it out everyone - like the BBC Writers Room.  Get involved with actors, directors, and other writers... in time, you'll notice one or two doors starting to open for you.</p>
<p><strong>2.  Strong Story</strong></p>
<p>Ideas are ten a penny but strong, engaging stories that translate well onto the big screen are few and far between.  While you're out schmoozing remember that story is everything.  All good things like rounded characters, fluid dialogue, and interesting plots all evolve from good story.  Robert McKee's book, which is aptly named STORY is a great place to find inspiration on this important subject.</p>
<p><strong>3.  Clean Script</strong></p>
<p>And that doesn't mean no nudity.  A clean script means keep it simple: Nothing more screams amateur than a script arriving in leather bound covers, fancy title page, character descriptions and suggested actors to play the parts, etc.</p>
<p>You need to write your script in industry standard Courier Font, Black, size 12.  Use some free software packages to format your screenplay.  Title page should simply display the name of your script, your name, and contact details.</p>
<p><strong>4.  White Space</strong></p>
<p>A good rule of thumb is to have lots of white space on your pages.  Don't write needless descriptive passages that bore your reader to tears.  Be ruthless: If you can cut out a word then lose it.  Another sure sign of an amateur is a writer who brings attention to his beautiful prose.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<p><strong>EXT. FIELD - NIGHT</strong></p>
<p><em>The night sky is lit up with fierce thunder and lighting and the clouds open, washing torrential rain down upon the mud soaked fields beneath David's feet.  He gazes to the heavens and an angry frown wrinkles his brow.  Suddenly, struck by an idea, he shuffles his way through the wet and back to the warm glow of his house.</em></p>
<p>No single reader in the industry is going to take you seriously if you write wordy descriptive paragraphs like above.  Instead, keep it simple and only write what the viewer is going to see:</p>
<p><strong>EXT. FIELD - NIGHT</strong></p>
<p><em>Storm clouds open.</em></p>
<p><em>David squints skyward through the heavy rain, angry.</em></p>
<p><em>Beat.</em></p>
<p><em>He hurries back to the house.</em></p>
<p>Amateur writers will immediately be protesting that they won't "water down" their writing to look like the second example... on your head be it!</p>
<p><strong>5. The First Ten Pages</strong></p>
<p>If you can convince and carry your reader past the first ten pages, congratulations: 90% of unsolicited scripts don't get this far!</p>
<p>Your first ten pages must be presented as clean with lots of white space, concise description, and little or no direction ie: camera angles or actor direction.  Most of all, your first ten pages need to introduce your main characters, set up your story, and engage your reader.</p>
<p>Good luck with it!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[En Málaga con Robert McKee]]></title>
<link>http://josefluzo.wordpress.com/?p=69</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2008 22:53:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>josefluzo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://josefluzo.wordpress.com/?p=69</guid>
<description><![CDATA[

El puente de mayo fui con mi socia Mirella al seminario de guión de Robert McKee en Málaga. Ya s]]></description>
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<p><a href="http://josefluzo.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/blog-foto-0018-guion1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-72" src="http://josefluzo.wordpress.com/files/2008/05/blog-foto-0018-guion1.jpg" alt="" width="440" height="142" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">El puente de mayo fui con mi socia Mirella al seminario de guión de <a href="http://www.mckeestory.com/" target="_blank">Robert McKee</a> en Málaga. Ya se sabe, autor del conocido libro y gurú de uno de los seminarios de este tipo más conocidos del mundo, cuatrocientos eurazos, una tanda ingente de kilómetros desde Zaragoza y asumir que los días festivos los va a pasar uno... en clase. Como en los viejos tiempos.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Así que ahí van cuatro pensamientos sobre el curso, y si a alguien le sirven de orientación para futuras matriculaciones, estupendo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Me parece importante aguantar el tirón del primero de los cuatro días. Porque para los que trabajamos en el mundo docente, ciertas posturas de autoridad impostada, un tonillo arrogante en ocasiones, chistes rozando el límite y una dinámica monologista sin aceptar preguntas hacen que te enfrentes de una forma muy crítica a su planteamiento inicial. Por no hablar de las 8 horas de reloj con escasos descansos de 15 y 30 minutos. Y apenas tiempo para comer. Una mezcla peligrosa de horario ibérico y anglosajón que te tiene sentado en la butaca de 9 a 7 de la tarde. Si a eso le sumas el rollito de que el profesor tome café en su taza al más puro estilo late night o que se quite los zapatos en el escenario cuando se cansa, la cosa descoloca el primer día.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">A partir de la segunda jornada la cosa cambia, porque aceptas las reglas del juego y compruebas que McKee tiene su propio guión, su propio libro, con sus puntos de inflexión bien pensados y escaso margen para la improvisación. Por lo que a mí respecta fui entrando en un curioso trance de no-desatención que hizo que mi cabeza se centrara en la materia que nos tocaba. Y se fue haciendo más y más interesante. Si no tanto el contenido -que doy por supuesto que es en sí mismo interesante- sí el obligado estado de concentración en conceptos de escritura del modelo clásico y en ideas que surgen. Algo así como ir al gimnasio, pero para la cabecica.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Así que sí. Merece la pena. Sé que no hago ningún descubrimiento. McKee es un personaje. Pero en Málaga también lo fueron las traductoras simultáneas del seminario. Unas cracks. Porque anda que no tuvieron que trabajar para seguir todos los contenidos del curso, los chistes y las anécdotas.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Y como dice él en las dedicatorias: <strong>Write the truth</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ah, lo que fue muy bueno fue toparnos en el paseo marítimo de Málaga con Toni Genil. Estuvimos a punto de ir a la Feria de Jerez con él, pero el curso lo impidió. Pronto veremos su cameo en <a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=i583x-vYWPA" target="_blank">"Cromos"</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Fela- We have title??]]></title>
<link>http://joolsayodeji.wordpress.com/?p=79</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 15:36:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>joolsayodeji</dc:creator>
<guid>http://joolsayodeji.wordpress.com/?p=79</guid>
<description><![CDATA[So I have a working title now. The Wives (many) of Fela Anikulapo Kuti. Currently working on the cha]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So I have a working title now. The Wives (many) of Fela Anikulapo Kuti. Currently working on the characters.  At the moment I have 5 but this might change. I am using some of the techniques that writing guru <a title="david freeman's site" href="http://www.beyondstructure.com/start.php" target="_blank">David Freeman</a> expounds. I did a weekend course of his last September in London. Beyond Structure. 2 days, 9-8 where, no lie he talked for almost most of that time. It was really good. <a title="raindance" href="http://www.raindance.co.uk/site/" target="_blank">Raindance</a> organised it.</p>
<p>Anyway like all of these script guru's  (mckee,seger, wolff, field) he has these specific techniques he wants to impart. So I am now trying these outs to see how I like them.</p>
<p>So far working well in shaping the story before I actually write it. I ordinarily work back to front (this is why i am interested in august wilson. see august wilson post) and inefficiently in that I write it and then figure out what I want and then have to re-write it! Second time i've tried working in this way so i'll see how I get on.</p>
<p>Freeman's written a <a title="david freeman's book" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Creating-Emotion-Games-Craft-Emotioneering/dp/1592730078/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1210088101&#38;sr=8-1" target="_blank">book</a> if you're interested and can't make it to LA. Its focus is writing for games but he said alot of the techniques were directly transferable and after purchasing it I would agree.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Star-crossed lovers]]></title>
<link>http://babelsbibliotek.wordpress.com/?p=13</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2008 16:44:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Agnieszka</dc:creator>
<guid>http://babelsbibliotek.wordpress.com/?p=13</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Enligt McKee så har det stora problemet i kärlekshistorier, sen hela emancipationen och den nya ti]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Enligt McKee så har det stora problemet i kärlekshistorier, sen hela emancipationen och den nya tiden gjorde det förlegat med plot devicen "förbjudande far", varit: "What's stopping them?" Och det blir ju så fruktansvärt tydligt i tv-serier. För att ta exempel från några av mina favoritserier (och jag tänker hålla mig från <em>BSG </em>för att inte spoila någon -- jag är så snäll!). Ta till exempel <em>Grey's Anatomy</em>. Vi har Dereks fru och att han är den sortens kille som försöker lösa saker med sin fru. Vi har Meredith som inte klarar av närhet, kommunikation och tycker om att ha sex med opassande män. En hel del saker som står emellan dem. Ta till exempel <em>Friday Night Lights</em> och Tim och Lyla. Hon är tillsammans med hans bästa vän, som även är förlamad. Han är en fullständig bad boy, hon är en born again christian. Personligheterna passar perfekt för en tv-romans. Samma sak med Veronica Mars och Logan Echolls -- de hatar varandra till en början.</p>
<p>Min fråga är väl egentligen, varför verkar det som om vi berättelseupplevare tycker bättre om väntan, tiden innan folk blir tillsammans? Gör inte den mest ont i magen, hindrar en från att sova och äta och får en att säga fullständigt idiotiska saker? Är man inte gladare och lyckligare efter att man faktiskt "får varandra"? </p>
<p>För förhållanden kan porträtteras mycket bra i berättelser. Om jag får ta ett exempel till från <em>Friday Night Lights</em> så är Coach och Tami Taylors förhållande en av de stora behållningarna med serien. (Förutom the southern drawl och Tim Riggins [helst utan kläder].) Deras äktenskap känns verkligt, moget och omoget och helt förhäxande. Naturligtvis med problem, men är det inte roligare att se karaktärer man bryr sig om faktiskt ta hand om varandra istället för att mest komplicera allt ännu mer som de flesta tv-förhållanden verkar gå ut på? </p>
<p>Jag har väl egentligen inget slutgiltigt att säga, vill mest ifrågasätta varför "angst/romance" alltid ska höra ihop. </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Screenwriting &amp; Structure (tip #5)]]></title>
<link>http://screenwritingfromiowa.wordpress.com/?p=77</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 22:06:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott W. Smith</dc:creator>
<guid>http://screenwritingfromiowa.wordpress.com/?p=77</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
&#8220;Structure is the most important element in the screenplay. It is the force that holds everyt]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight:bold;">"Structure is the most important element in the screenplay. It is the force that holds everything together."   Syd Field </span><span style="white-space:pre;"><span style="font-weight:bold;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Today is the first day of spring and that signals a change. (Not so much here in Iowa, because the forecast is we'll get 2-6 inches of snow tomorrow.) </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If you've been thinking about writing a screenplay why not begin today?  This blog is on structure and is a fitting place to begin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The more scripts you write and the more movies you see the more you’ll understand structure and why it’s a vital part of screenwriting. I'm going to limit this blog on good old western culture traditional structure. You don't get more basic than this:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 1 - Beginning </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 2 - Middle </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 3 - End</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.sydfield.com/">Syd Field</a> became the modern day screenwriting pioneer when he wrote<em> Screenplay </em><span style="font-style:normal;">back in the 1974. Field had been a reader and development executive at various studios and after reading 10,000 scripts he felt he really knew what made a good script.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He even broke it down into page counts.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>        </span>Act 1<span>     </span>1-30  (setup)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>        </span>Act 2<span>     </span>30-90 (confrontation)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>        </span>Act 3<span>     </span>90-120 (resolution)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There's nothing wrong with a script coming in between 90 and 100 pages either. He's how a 100 pages script might look like:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 1       1-25</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 2      26-80</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Act 3      81-100 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Now if this were the sixties I could hear someone saying, “Hey, man, that’s just not my scene.” But these things aren't written in stone either.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sure we can look at many films like <span style="font-style:italic;">Memento</span> which turned structure upside down, and <span style="font-style:italic;">Pulp Fiction</span> and <span style="font-style:italic;">Magnoli</span>a that mixed structure up. And let's not forget about the famous quote by Goddard “I believe in a beginning, a middle, and an end -- just not in that order.”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">How do I answer those? Let me start with the Goddard quote. According to <a href="http://lewhunter.com/">Lew Hunter</a> who later asked Goddard about his famous quote it was simply an off-hand comment at a cocktail party.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As for the film exceptions? It is hard enough to write a solid screenplay, get an agent, and get the film made. The concept of a beginning, middle and end are universal because that is the way most of us of our lives;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We wake up</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We eat</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We go about our work or school</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We eat dinner</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We recreate</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We go to bed</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We’re born, we live, and we die.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Throughout history that is the cycle civilization has lived. Humans around the world have also made sure that life is not predictable. Love, war, new inventions and discoveries help insure that within the human tradition there are millions of variations.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Traditional structure is the most understood form of storytelling which is one of the reasons it is the most commercial as well.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It's as basic as one writer said; Get your hero up a try, throw rocks and him and get him down. That’s structure 101.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Many screenwriting books have different ways of breaking down structure but here's a common one that Robert Mckee's has landed on based on the people that went before him:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1) Inciting Incident</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2) Progressive Complication (Rising Conflict)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3) Crisis</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4) Climax</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5) Resolution</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If you can understand those five areas of structure (one for every finger one hand) it will save you some frustration. We'll look at these in detail at another blog, but for now it's enough for you to understand that this structure fits most successful films. (Even if you want to flip structure inside out it's best to understand structure. Check out Picasso's early paintings to see what I mean.)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There is always that rebel in us that says. “I don’t want to do it the way it’s always been done. I want to do my own thing man. I want freedom!”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style:normal;">But keep in mind what poet Robert Frost said, “Writing free verse is like playing tennis without a net.”  </span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style:normal;">There is freedom in structure. Embrace it. When the limits are set, great things can happen. Performing within certain boundaries helps us understand the greatness Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, and LeBron James.</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Think of all the structure that goes into:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Making Movie</span>s. The script is written and then budgeted. Actors are hired who you want to show up on time. Sets are built and props are found. Cameras are rented and crews are hired. Caterers cook food. Drivers drive trucks. People work, people get paid. There is a lot of structure in place to make a film.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Making Music.</span> Before a concert becomes a reality many logistics have to have taken place. Travel arrangements, tickets sold, money transacted, bathrooms working, electricity flowing, stages constructed, lights hung, usher in place, security in place, green M&#38;Ms in place. There’s a lot of structure there. So you can smile the next time a lead singer screams for anarchy because that's the last thing he wants at his concert.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There really is freedom in structure.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“I’m a structuralist myself. We believe in discipline, hard work, and architecture. Writing is like carpentry.” Dan O'Bannon, screenwriter (<span style="font-style:italic;">Alien</span>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Playwright/screenwriter David Mamet compares ignoring structure to the countercultural design movement in the 60's: </p>
<p>“I was a student in the turbulent sixties in Vermont at a countercultural college. In that time in place, there flourished something called the Countercultural Architecture.<span>  </span>Some people back then thought that the traditional architecture had been too stifling. And so they designed and built countercultural buildings. These buildings proved unlivable. Their design didn’t begin with the idea of the building’s purpose; it began with the idea of how the architect “felt.”<span>"As those architects looked at their countercultural buildings over the years, they may have reflected that there is a reason for traditional design.<span>  </span>There’s a reason that doors are placed in a certain way.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"All those countercultural buildings may have expressed the intention of the architect, but they didn’t serve the purpose of the inhabitants. They all either fell down or are falling down or should be torn down. They’re a blot on the landscape and they don’t age gracefully and every passing year underscores the jejune folly of those countercultural architects.”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:right;" align="right">David Mamet</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:right;" align="right"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Because I want to hammer this point home take a look at the cars you see today. Cars could be made with three wheels or five wheels but most cars are still made with four wheels because engineers and car builders have decided that is what works best.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.scottwsmith.com">Scott W. Smith</a> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Screenwriting, Infomercials &amp; Gurus]]></title>
<link>http://screenwritingfromiowa.wordpress.com/?p=43</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 Feb 2008 15:09:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott W. Smith</dc:creator>
<guid>http://screenwritingfromiowa.wordpress.com/?p=43</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
&#8220;So many gurus and so few good writers. Where are all these lessons going?&#8221;
       ]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>"So many gurus and so few good writers. Where are all these lessons going?"</strong><br />
                                                                                     Larry Gelbart (Tootsie)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img src="http://screenwritingfromiowa.wordpress.com/files/2008/02/yodaweb2.gif" alt="yodaweb2.gif" /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Here’s the straight story. There are many screenwriting gurus out there and I thought I’d warn you about them. Actually, I just need to warn you about your addiction to them. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Back in November I was doing a video shoot in the Bay area and the fellow I was interviewing said he had a friend who worked at George Lucus' Industrial Light &#38; Magic (ILM) who might be able to give me a tour if I was interested. (Is there a reason I wouldn't be interested?)  I took the photo of Yoda at the ILM headquarters at the Presidio in San Francisco a couple hours later during my Forrest Gump-like experience . Who doesn't want a wise and powerful mentor to help guide them from the dark side? The trouble is always knowing who to trust.  </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">A couple years ago I spent seven months of my life producing real estate and financial infomercials. As far as infomercials go, these were big budget fares that were well done.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">I’ve had worse gigs and definitely ones that paid less. It was a good experience as I worked with a talented group of people and learned a ton of production techniques. A common question my friends asked about the shows I was working on was “Are they true?”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Well, they weren’t really false, but they didn’t quite tell the whole truth. For instance the sound bite you heard on TV was, “I made $10,000 on my first deal.” What was edited out was this guy explaining how it took him two years to put together his first real estate deal. Another fellow said it was not uncommon for him to make 100 lowball real estate offers before one got accepted. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Infomercials never touch on how hard it is to make money because infomercials work emotionally on how easy things are to do. They skip showing the scenes of Rocky running up the stairs and pounding the beef.<span>  Instead they</span> pound the testimonials of how much money people say they have made until you hear what you want to hear. The executive producer where I worked was fond of saying, “There is no such thing as over-the-top in infomercials.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Most of my work was focused on the success stories. Two-minute<span> </span>vignettes that showed how a person or couple used such and such products and became wealthy. In the business this is called a zero to hero story. (I have that in a folder of potential titles for a future script.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">A zero to hero is someone who was down on their luck, went to a seminar or ordered books and audio products and applied the principles and in a short time became wealthy. Who among us doesn’t yearn for the magic formula?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">The history of this in our country goes way back to Ponce de Leon looking for the fountain of youth in St. Augustine.<span>  </span>Come to think of it, in another time and place weren’t Adam and Eve just looking for a little more knowledge?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Infomercials have a tremendous failure rate and the ones that do succeed focus on just a few categories:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.25in;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">1)<span style="font:normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">    </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Kitchen &#38; Cooking (George Forman Grill)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.25in;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:'Lucida Grande';"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">2)<span style="font:normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">    </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Beauty &#38; Fitness (Chuck Norris and the Total Body Gym)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.25in;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">3)<span style="font:normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">    </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Self-improvement (Tony Robbins)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.25in;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">4)<span style="font:normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">    </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Making Money (Rich Dad, Poor Dad)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.25in;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">5)<span style="font:normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">    </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Leisure (Time –Life Music)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Basically they touch on our deepest longings in life to look good, feel healthy, and have money. You want to believe the infomercials, that's why they work.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Here’s the problem as it applies to screenwriting seminars. We want to believe they will give us the missing link and<span> </span>make us a better writer.<span>  </span>Many writers are like crack addicts thinking the next book, workshop, audio series, writing software will make them a better writer. Just one more hit off the pipe and we'll quit.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">There may be a kernel of truth in books and seminars (my blogs are intended to pull out those kernels for you) but the fact is if you are reading or searching more for the secret of writing more than you are writing then you are heading down the wrong path.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#333333;"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><a href="http://johnaugust.com">John August</a></span> the screenwriter of<span style="font-style:italic;"> Big Fish, Charlie’s Angels,</span> and <span style="font-style:italic;">Charlie and the Chocolate F</span><span style="font-style:italic;">actory</span> (and a Drake graduate here in Iowa) wrote this on his website blog , “The truth is, there’s no magic formula for writing a great script. (Or for that matter, a commercial one.) Anyone who tries to convince you that theirs is the One True Way is deluding themselves and you.”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Robert McKee who wrote the book <span style="font-style:italic;">Story</span> is the main screenwriting guru.<span>  </span>On his <a href="http://mckeestory.com/">website</a> he lists the number of major award winners and nominees who were his former students. (Of course, he taught at USC so many professors there could make the same claim.) But his advertising materials imply that he is the reason for their success and if you attend his class you’ll be walking down the isle to accept your Academy Award.</span></p>
<p>After all,  didn't one of his students <span style="font-family:'Lucida Grande';">Akiva Goldsman do just that? Well, the Oscar winning screenwriter of <em>A Beautiful Mind does </em>credits McKee's class with helping him make the transition from novelist to screenwriter. But the fact is Goldsman has a MFA from NYU and was, by his own admonition, a failed novelist for 10 years. And if he started writing as a teenager he probably had many teachers who he learned from, but more importantly he was writing.    </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">There’s a glaring problem in respect to gurus and I’m not the first to point it out. Take McKee for instance, he's not only not won an Academy Award he’s never had a feature screenplay of his produced. Ever. Zero. If it was all formula you think he’d have had one hit movie made in his lifetime.<span>  </span>McKee’s real problem is he is an academic. PhD’s are analytical by nature. McKee is brilliant in telling students why a film works. Many critics can do so just as well, they just don’t have the theatrics or business acumen that McKee has to become a screenwriting guru.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Of course this doesn’t mean that McKee is a bad writer or that he hasn’t sold any scripts before, or that he doesn’t know what he’s talking about. I’m just stating a fact and making an observation. With McKee there is a disconnect, a gap between what he knows and what he’s done.</span></p>
<p>August writes, "<strong>To read his brochure, you'd think that everyone on Hollywood has taken McKee's course, but the truth is, I don't know anyone who has. Wherever I hear his name brought up, it makes these tiny hairs rise on the back of my neck, because it usually means the speaker is going to cite some piece of screenwriting gospel, or use some cleaver word like "counter-theme."  </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">McKee does such a through job of breaking down <span style="font-style:italic;">Casablanca</span> you think that its writers attended his seminar, until you realize the movie was made before he was born. He also does a several hour breakdown of <span style="font-style:italic;">Chinatown</span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"> <span style="color:#333333;">“I’ve never met McKee and have nothing against him, but to read his bio it’s clear that he’s not a very successful screenwriter and never really was. “ August continues on his blog “That’s not to say he can’t be a great teacher, just as many great film critics are not filmmakers, nor do I think that there’s anything wrong with a screenwriting class per se, especially if it helps you get off your ass and write. But I would rather have dental surgery than go through a structural analysis of CHINATOWN.”</span></span></p>
<p>That is the fundamental difference between successful screenwriting gurus and successful writers. It's like the engineer who builds the car and knows how it works and the race car driver who takes that engineering feat and does something amazing with it. But there is a tension there, and it's rare to find a person who can do both well.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In fact, if you took the five top screenwriting gurus you might find five produced films between them. And of those five films, you would have five that were little known and/or poorly reviewed. That's why they're doing seminars because there is more money to be made teaching this stuff than writing screenplays. And the flip side is even if the working screenwriter took the time off writing to do a seminar the chance are it wouldn't be very good. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the book Screenplay; Writing the Picture (Robin U. Russin and William Missouri Downs) make this observation:<br />
<strong>"It is interesting to note that few Hollywood screenwriting gurus have ever sold a movie (and Aristotle never wrote a play). This is because the ability to structure a story and the ability to analyze the structure of a story are two totally different talents. They come from different parts of the brain...Good writers seldom have an analytical understanding of what they do or how they do it. Instead they have a practical understanding of dramatic techniques."</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-weight:normal;">And screenwriters learn those practical techniques in a class, seminar or book and if that teacher finds a larger audience he or she becomes a guru. It's a beautiful thing. Just don't kid your self into thinking that the guru is the answer. Writing and rewriting is the answer. If you forget that you are lost and can become dependent on the guru.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>McKee is so popular i<span style="font-family:Verdana;">n some circles he could form a cult if he wanted to. Americans love gurus. I’m a fan of business guru <a href="http://tompeters.com">Tom Peters</a>, marketing guru <a href="http://sethgodin.com">Seth Godin</a>, and even McKee himself.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">I attended one of<span> </span>McKee’s first public seminars on screenwriting. The year was 1984 or '85 in Los Angeles. (Back when he was a guru in training.) I was a recent film school grad, working as a photographer, and studying acting and hungry for my break in the industry and didn’t blink at the cost that at that time equaled a week's salary.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">McKee’s insights into screenwriting were more articulate than anyone I had ever heard speak on film. It is a class that I recommend to this day, but it's best if you have at least a script of two under your belt. Because there is a danger there. As Morpheus says in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Matrix</span>, "There is a difference between knowing the path, and walking the path."</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Speaking of gurus did you see where Maharishi Mahesh Yogi died earlier this month?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">He was famous for (temporarily) being the guru to the Beatles in the 60’s and bringing Transcendental Meditation (TM) to this country in the 50’s.<span>  </span>Few people realize that in 1974 he started a college in Fairfield, Iowa that is still there today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Fairfield is one of the most interesting places in the US. <em>Mother Earth News</em></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"> called it one of the “12 Great Places You’ve Never Hear Of.” The article said, “Your image of southest Iowa probably doesn’t include the world’s premier ayurvedic health spa, more restaurants per capita than San Francisco or 25 art galleries on the downtown square but these are some of the many features of Fairfield, a surprisingly sustainable and cosmopolitan town.” (It's also less than an hour away from the Iowa's Writers' Workshop that keeps coming up on this blog.)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Fairfield is also home to Hawthorne Communications whose founder Timothy Hawthorne literally wrote the book on infomercials. After I moved to Iowa and was looking for production work there I naturally met with Hawthorne. No work came out of it but he was kind enough to give me a copy of his out-of-print book “The Complete Guide to Infomercial Marketing”<span>  </span>that he told me was fetching $125. on ebay.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">And to bring this full circle back to movies David Lynch was a follower of the Maharishi and makes occasional trips to Fairfield. I’m sure there is some connection there and his directing <em>The Straight Story</em></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"> featuring Richard Farnsworth as a elderly man who drives a riding lawn mower from Iowa to Wisconsin to visit his ailing brother. (Watch that film again and ask yourself how Lynch's practicing TM for 30 years effects that material. And I dare you to watch the Catholic-influenced <span style="font-style:italic;">Koyaanisqatsi</span> in the same night.) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">There is no doubt that Lynch is an artist and one of America's most original filmmakers. The “I am not an animal” scene from<span style="font-style:italic;"> The Elephant Man</span> is one of the most moving scenes recorded on film.<span>  </span>From the first time I saw <em>Eraserhead</em></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;"> in a college film class my perception of what movies could be was altered.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">But I don’t think I’m letting the cat out of the bag by saying that Lynch’s work at times can be a little hard to understand.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">I believe enough in cross pollination to think that a trip to Fairfield might do McKee some good and if Lynch could sit though McKee’s seminar it might also do him an ounce of good.<span>  </span>I’d pay to watch those guys in a room debating story structure and the roll of screenwriting gurus. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">By the way, anyone interested in employment or an internship at ILM check out this section of their website: <span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:'Lucida Grande';font-size:10px;line-height:normal;"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;"><a href="http://www.ilm.com/employment.html">www.ilm.com/employment.html</a> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;">Photo and text © Copyright 2008 <span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px;"><a href="http://scottwsmith.com">Scott W. Smith</a></span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Los gurús americanos]]></title>
<link>http://caracteres.wordpress.com/?p=638</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2008 21:05:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>neuer</dc:creator>
<guid>http://caracteres.wordpress.com/?p=638</guid>
<description><![CDATA[En Estados Unidos, ser un gurú es algo equivalente a ser un super experto en algo. Es un calificati]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En Estados Unidos, ser un <i>gurú</i> es algo equivalente a ser un super experto en algo. Es un calificativo elogioso, aunque tenga un claro matiz irónico, pues, como dice George Steiner, en Estados Unidos, "donde la irreverencia es tan tradicional como la tarta de cerezas" apenas se encuentran "maestros" a la manera de los de la tradición europea, asiática, africana o del resto de América.</p>
<p>De hecho, la palabra maestro referida a un pensador o a un guía intelectual ("master") tiene una connotación casi tan ridícula como <i>gurú</i>.</p>
<p>McLuhan, que era canadiense, fue el gran <i>gurú </i>de la modernidad en Estados Unidos, de lo que él llamaba la Galaxia Marconi, que venía a sustituir a la Galaxia Gutenberg; Syd Field y Robert McKee eran o son <i>gurús</i> de la teoría del guión; Negroponte y Esther Dyson fueron o son <i>gurús</i> del mundo digital; Jakob Nielsen es el gurú de la usanbilidad.<span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span></p>
<p>Conseguir el título de <i>gurú</i> en Estados Unidos, a pesar de la connotación burlona, es el camino más corto al éxito y al dinero, pues junto a esa irreverencia legendaria, que tanto ha influido en el mundo moderno, en Estados Unidos muchísimas personas están dispuestas a comprar las fórmulas de los gurús como quien compra un coche o una casa.</p>
<p>Un gurú de este estilo comparte ciertas características con los gurús tradicionales de la India: son gente que aparenta saber mucho, pero su conocimiento no procede directamente de lo que llamamos saber académico, sino más bien de su propia experiencia; en el caso de Nielsen, de la observación cuidadosa e inteligente. Un gurú suele señalar algo que estaba a la vista de todos, pero que nadie ha mirado con atención.</p>
<p>Otra característica que comparten los gurús de Estados Unidos y los de la india es que en ambos casos están muy seguros de lo que dicen, suelen hacer listas orales o escritas acerca de lo que se puede hacer o no hacer y hablan de manera extremada pero a mismo tiempo parece estar más allá de lo que dicen.</p>
<p>[Tomado de <a href="http://caracteres.wordpress.com/2007/08/31/usabilidad/" target="_blank">Usabilidad</a>]<span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Near Myths]]></title>
<link>http://dcairns.wordpress.com/?p=229</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 Feb 2008 21:01:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dcairns</dc:creator>
<guid>http://dcairns.wordpress.com/?p=229</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ 
(Dwarf guy from Lang&#8217;s SIEGFRIED)
Longterm Shadowplayer Elver Loho emailed me some while ag]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img border="0" align="middle" width="400" src="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/images/reviews/81/1075137559.jpg" alt="dwarf star" height="267" /> </p>
<p>(Dwarf guy from Lang's SIEGFRIED)</p>
<p>Longterm <em><font color="#999999">Shadowplayer </font></em>Elver Loho emailed me some while ago with a query for the blog, which I've been meaning to get around to. But it's a toughie:</p>
<blockquote><p>'I come from a background of computer science and we had plenty of<br />
great academic journals in the field. A lot of research was happening<br />
all the time and academic journals are a great way to keep up with it.<br />
Now that I'm making the switch to screenwriting, I find that there are<br />
a couple of guru-written books on the subject that everyone likes<br />
and... that's pretty much it.</p>
<p>'Hell, the biggest works about on one of the most important aspects of<br />
screenwriting -- story structure -- were written more than 50 years<br />
ago by Propp and Campbell and don't even mention movies. I haven't<br />
come across anything that would even begin to rival the research that<br />
those two guys did.</p></blockquote>
<p><img border="0" align="middle" width="460" src="http://www.isfp.co.uk/images/vladimir_propp.jpg" alt="My name is Propp and I love to shopp!" height="299" /><br />
(Vladimir Propp &#38; his magic lamp)</p>
<blockquote><p>'This is depressing. Surely, there's academic research going on in the<br />
field, right? Because I was browsing the online database of academic<br />
journals that my local university library has and there's a ton of<br />
journals on literature. I even found an issue that was wholly<br />
dedicated to the phenomenon of text in Ancient Roman wall paintings.<br />
Surely if there are people who care enough about text in Ancient Roman<br />
wall paintings to write research papers on the topic, there must be<br />
people who care enough about film to write research papers on the<br />
topic. But where are they? Where do they publish their research? And<br />
is there even research going on in the field or are we trapped in a<br />
New Age type of guru worship?'</p></blockquote>
<p>Elver's right, firstly, in that practically everything to do with screenwriting is depressing! Most good scripts don't get filmed, many lousy ones do, and even the good ones that make it through often get mangled in the process. (I've been part of this process as both re-writer -- for my sins -- and re-written.) The research situation being depressing is consistent and unsurprising.</p>
<p>Magazine-wise, these are probably the best shows in town:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.creativescreenwriting.com/index.html">http://www.creativescreenwriting.com/index.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.scriptmag.com/">http://www.scriptmag.com/</a></p>
<p>Expensive, but pretty good as I recall.</p>
<p>But they're clearly industry rags rather than academic journals. I must admit I have a hard time picturing an academic journal on screenwriting -- I think it would end up containing historical research rather than scientific principles because I don't entirely believe there ARE any scientific principles in screenwriting. The Robert McKee / Syd Field approach is about as "scientific" as it gets, and much of the time those guys are just passing off opinion as fact or industry norms as universal principles. (Also, Field is a horrible writer, who apparently thinks "sets up" is one word: "setsup", which sounds like a SAUCE.) Most of the gurubooks contain some insights I find useful, so I do read them, but I think it's wise to take what resonates for you and discard the rest.</p>
<p><img border="0" align="middle" width="400" src="http://www.imakenews.com/vizletter/bar.gif" alt="I've lost McKee" height="239" /></p>
<p>(For instance, I think knowledge of mythic structure is fantastic to have at the back of your mind as you're shaping a story, but it's a terrible point to start from, and no guarantee of anything, as George Lucas' extremely variable storywork on his STAR WARS saga shows. I think Umberto Eco's essay on CASABLANCA maybe gives a better clue to the success of STAR WARS than Joseph Campbell -- think of it as a mass restyling of clichés rather than a New Myth for Our Age. Mythic structure starts from the point of universally recognisable archetypes, which is really the same as stereotypes. Whereas I'd rather start with real human qualities and then maybe connect them to myth as I go.)</p>
<p>I just don't think there's a science to study, so what we're left with is criticism, which isn't something you can pilot a spaceship on, as this blog probably proves. Writers work on a combination of craft and instinct: a competent beginner can learn craft, but you can't make it work for you worth a damn without the right instincts -- which you can develop by writing a lot, if they're there in the first place.</p>
<p>It's very good that there are so many screenplays available online now, and many many books on screenwriting to pick and choose pearls of wisdom from (while hopefully discarding all the plastic beads of <em>received</em> wisdom).</p>
<p>Incidentally, the book that sparked Preston Sturges' glorious writing career was <em>A Study of the Drama </em>by Brander Matthews. The differences between stage and screen-writing are so obvious as to scarcely need enumeration, so I'm wondering what gems it contains... it seems to be a little expensive to pick up secondhand though.</p>
<p><img border="0" align="middle" width="364" src="http://www.plot.es/blog/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/sturges.jpg" alt="Splurge on Sturges?" height="438" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Black Swan pt. 2]]></title>
<link>http://splashjumanji.wordpress.com/2008/01/17/the-black-swan-pt-2/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2008 07:10:34 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>David Gillespie</dc:creator>
<guid>http://splashjumanji.wordpress.com/2008/01/17/the-black-swan-pt-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I pushed through the end of Nassim Nicholas Taleb&#8217;s The Black Swan this week, and while I can ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I pushed through the end of <a href="http://www.fooledbyrandomness.com/">Nassim Nicholas Taleb's The Black Swan</a> this week, and while I can say I really enjoyed it, by the end the disparaging tone he takes whenever talking about traders or economists wore a little thin. I have no stake in either of those professions, but once a point has been made and an opinion established (neither of which are crucial for the book's central argument), reiterating it at every conceivable opportunity insults the readers who have come along for the ride. OK, we get it Nassim, you don't respect (for the most part) economists and traders, but I didn't pay the price of admission to wade through you settling personal vendettas, that was achieved when I bought your book and not your rival's.</p>
<p>Having said that, there is a lot of value to be gleaned between the book's covers. It rambles in places but the central idea which I've been summing up as (rightly or wrongly, feel free to offer an alternative viewpoint) "the distinction between two sentences: "there is no evidence of black swans" and "there is evidence of no black swans". Whatever issue I take with the author in the above paragraph, I find that idea and the way at which we arrive at those sorts of statements fascinating.</p>
<p>Nassim also hits a couple other great points which are tackled in a much more straight forward fashion in the next book I picked up, <a href="http://www.madetostick.com/"><i>Made to Stick:</i> <i>Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die</i></a>. Written by two brothers, Chip and Dan Heath, it explores, well, exactly what it says. Both brothers have spent time as educators in some fashion, and convey their thoughts in indelibly straight forward terms.</p>
<p>The cross-over between the two books comes in the emphasis both place on the power of narrative. As human beings we love a story! We have told them throughout history, sometimes for lessons, all of the time for entertainment. Stories are much more powerful than facts; that notion gets played out every night on the evening news. <i>Made to Stick </i>talks a lot about using that to your advantage, citing <a href="http://mckeestory.com/homepage.html">screenwriting guru Robert McKee</a> as opposed to a litany of philosophers and thinkers who add limited value without extended research. Nassim attempts to use his own journey as a way of taking the reader through to his point, but an idea that comes up in the first hundred pages of <i>Made to Stick</i> is one he could have benefited from: simplifying a message can give it more impact and not dumb it down.</p>
<p>I'm not even halfway through <i>Made to Stick</i> yet so bear with me on it. I'm already making moves to apply it to my daily work habits though and enjoying the "Clinics" interspersed through the book, an opportunity to apply the thinking you've just learnt. If like me you love learning and hate the classroom, consider this one, so far, indispensable.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[El deus ex machina]]></title>
<link>http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/el-deus-ex-machina/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2008 22:46:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>danieltubaugarcia</dc:creator>
<guid>http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/el-deus-ex-machina/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Deus ex  machina, o apò mekhanês theós, quiere decir «Dios a través de la máquina». Se refier]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>Deus ex  machina</i>, o <i>apò mekhanês theós</i>, quiere decir «Dios a través de la máquina». Se refiere a un mecanismo de poleas que en los teatros griegos permitía que un personaje apareciese en el escenario como si descendiese desde las alturas.</p>
<blockquote>
<div align="left">"Cuando el desenlace de una obra no resultaba fácil y la situación estaba muy embrollada, se utilizaba la máquina para hacer descender a Zeus, quien era capaz de arreglarlo todo en un momento: «Tú te irás con Fulano», «Tú regresarás a tu patria y no tomarás venganza», «Tú heredarás el reino». Gracias a la intervención del padre de los dioses el mundo volvía en un instante a estar ordenado, lo que era un alivio para el autor de la obra, que, de este modo, salía fácilmente de cualquier callejón sin salida narrativa".</div>
</blockquote>
<p class="diwan" align="right">       <span class="style31">[<i>Las paradojas del  guionista</i>, 252]</span></p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Aristóteles  desaprueba el recurso fácil al<i> deus ex machina</i> en su <i>Poética</i>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="diwan">“El desenlace también debe surgir del argumento mismo, y no depender de un artificio de la escena, como en la Medea” (Aristóteles, <i>Poética</i>).</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">En la <i>Medea</i> de Eurípides, en efecto, Apolo salva a  Medea de una muerte segura enviándole el carro del Sol, en el que huye.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Era, en definitiva,  un recurso fácil que no nacía de la trama misma.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">En la película <i>Adaptation</i>, el gurú del guión Robert McKee (Brian Cox) le explica todo esto al guionista Charlie Kauffman (Nicholas Cage):</p>
<p class="textoprincipal"><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/dSUs01s__9w'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/dSUs01s__9w&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
<p class="textoprincipal" align="center">             Mckee explica a Kauffman el deus ex machina en<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span> <i>Adaptation<br />
</i>(Spike Jonze, guión de Charlie Kauffman)</p>
<blockquote>
<p align="center">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">Hoy en día, la  expresión <i>deus ex machina</i> se emplea para referirse a un desenlace que no se deduce de manera lógica de la trama, sino que resulta gratuito: aparece un personaje del que no hemos tenido noticia en toda la película, o  conocemos en el último instante un dato que lo resuelve todo.</p>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">De este modo se consigue un desenlace sorprendente, pero no inevitable, y hay que tener en cuenta que uno de los consejos más interesantes que se pueden aplicar a un guión es que su desenlace sea sorprendente pero, al mismo tiempo, inevitable. Es decir, que el espectador se lleve una pequeña o gran sorpresa, pero, al mismo tiempo exclame: "¡Este es el desenlace que tenía que ser!".</p>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">Aristóteles también menciona esta paradoja de lo sorprendente e inevitable:</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="diwan">"Tales incidentes tienen el máximo        efecto sobre la mente cuando ocurren de manera inesperada y al mismo tiempo se suceden       unos a otros; entonces resultan más maravillosos que si ellos acontecieran por sí mismos o       por simple  casualidad. En efecto, hasta los hechos ocasionales parecen más asombrosos       cuando tienen la semejanza de haber sido realizados a designio; así, por ejemplo, la estatua       de Mitis en Argos mató al hombre que había causado la muerte de aquél al caer sobre éste        en una ceremonia. Hechos de tal tipo no parecen sucesos casuales. Por eso las fábulas de     esa clase resultan necesariamente mejores que las otras."</p>
<p>(<i>Poética</i>, 1452a)</p></blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">También Horacio dice en su interesantísima <i>Arte Poética</i> (o <i>Epístola a los Pisones</i>) que los dioses no deben intervenir para solucionar el desenlace, excepto cuando sea inevitable:</p>
<blockquote><p> "Un dios nunca intervenga: sólo que el desenlace</p>
<p>requiera juez divino".</p></blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">En <i>Poderosa Afrodita</i>, una parodia del teatro  griego, Woody Allen ofrece un  irónico <i>deus ex machina</i>. Vemos a Linda, una prostituta y actriz porno que quería casarse y llevar una vida normal, pero que ha visto sus sueños rotos al revelar a su novio en qué trabaja.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Ahora viaja en su coche sin saber qué va a ser de su vida...</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal"> <span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/WRYtgsnjOTY'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/WRYtgsnjOTY&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p class="textoprincipal">                              El deus ex machina de Poderosa Afrodita<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span></p>
<p class="centrado">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="diwan"> Por otra parte , usar el <i>deus ex machin</i>a es olvidar una regla que es  también una  paradoja:</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">“Nosotros creamos las leyes, pero  también estamos sometidos a ellas (nº22).”</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">El guionista o el novelista es el Dios de su creación, pero no debe olvidar que incluso Dios tiene que seguir sus propias leyes.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Los filósofos medievales a menudo discutieron de estas limitaciones de Dios. Una de ellas es que no puede hacer que lo que ha sucedido no haya sucedido (como mucho puede hacer que todos olvidemos que ha sucedido).</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Cuando el guionista decide no seguir las normas del relato que él mismo ha creado y se saca de la chistera una solución injustificada está, pues, recurriendo a un <i>deus ex machina</i>.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Sin embargo, siempre hay excepciones, como mostraré en los próximos capítulos de este mini serial acerca del deus ex machina<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span>.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
<p class="textoprincipal"> Algunas de las cosas que cuento aquí, también las digo  <i>Las paradojas del guionista</i>, pero he cambiado, añadido y corregido algunas cosas (como una errata importante de la que hablo un poco más abajo). También, por supuesto, he dejado aquí muchas cosas que se cuentan allí.</p>
<p class="textoprincipal">Al revisar el capítulo que dedico a este asunto en <i>Las paradojas del guionista</i>, he descubierto que la cita que pongo de la <i>Poética</i> de Aristóteles, tiene una tremenda errata:</p>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
<p class="otras_entradas"> "La mayoría de las narraciones contienen un elemento de sorpresa.        Si podemos prever todas las peripecias que componen un argumento,       es improbable que el relato mantenga nuestra atención.       Por eso las peripecias han de ser inesperadas, pero también <b><u><span class="style49">sorprendentes</span>."</u></b></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="otras_entradas">En vez de "sorprendentes, debería poner "razonables". Espero que el lector advierta este error por el contexto.</p>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p class="otras_entradas">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="otras_entradas"> Por otro lado, no he podido consultar el libro del que tome la cita (en principio, la versión editada por Gredos), pero no parece un texto escrito por Aristóteles, sino una tran<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span>scripción, o tal vez una aclaración en una nota a pie de página de los editores.</p>
<p class="otras_entradas">Por eso, en esta entrada, he preferido otra traducción más exacta, que he tomado de la versión electrónica de la Universidad de Filosofía Arcis de santiago de Chile (no se indica allí el traductor o la edición). Puedes leer el libro entero con este enlace: <a href="http://www.ddooss.org/articulos/textos/aristoteles_poetica.pdf">Poética</a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>El <i>Arte Poética</i> de Horacio en la tradución de Gerardo ramos, en: <a href="http://www.oscargerardoramos.nom.co/horacio.html">Arte Poética</a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="textoprincipal">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p class="otras_entradas">&#160;</p>
</blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[El jo ha kyu y Zeami]]></title>
<link>http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/el-jo-ha-kyu-y-zeami/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2008 22:33:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>danieltubaugarcia</dc:creator>
<guid>http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/el-jo-ha-kyu-y-zeami/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[En Las paradojas del guionista se cuenta con mucho detalle el asunto de las tres partes de un guión]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En <i>Las paradojas del guionista</i> se cuenta con mucho detalle el asunto de las tres partes de un guión, y se intenta explicar una confusión en la que caen incluso teóricos como Robert McKee <span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span>con el ejemplo de <i>La ronda</i>, de Schnitzler, una obra que tiene tres actos a pesar de estar compuesta por diez actos<span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span>.</p>
<p>En cuanto a la mención que hago en la <a href="http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/entrevista-a-daniel-tubau-en-com-radio-1%c2%aa-parte/">primera parte de la <span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span>entrevista en <span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span>COM Radio</a> de la entrada anterior a los teóricos japoneses que opinan que ha de haber tres partes no sólo en una obra, sino en cada una de esas partes, en cada frase y en cada palabra, me refería a Zeami, creador del teatro Nô japonés, y al concepto del Jo Ha Kyu:</p>
<blockquote><p>"En Japón, esta división de la obra en tres partes tiene su origen en la danza y la música llamada Bugaku que se divide en: un comienzo más o menos lento y tranquilo (jo), que se ve roto por un movimiento más agitado y variado (ha) que conduce progresivamente a un final rápido (kyu), que culmina toda la secuencia, tras la cual puede comenzar otra unidad jo-ha-kyu en la que de nuevo se aprecia un incremento gradual de intensidad y velocidad."</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>(Las paradojas del guionista, 140)</p></blockquote>
<p>Puedes ver un fragmento de una obra bugaku aquí:</p>
<div align="center"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/v/mKY1vS55UpQ">Bugaku</a></div>
<p>El creador del moderno teatro Nô japonés, Zeami, expresa así la idea del jo ha kyu en su Fushikaden:</p>
<blockquote><p>«Así como en todas las cosas existe introducción, desarrollo y desenlace, lo mismo pasa con el sargaku [precedente del Nô]».</p></blockquote>
<div align="center"><a href="http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/zeami.jpg" title="zeami.jpg"><img src="http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/zeami.thumbnail.jpg" alt="zeami.jpg" /></a></div>
<div align="center">Zeami (1363-1443), creador del teatro Nô</div>
<p>Zeami Motokiyo era hijo de Kanami un famoso actor, del que heredó sus enseñanzas, que mantenía en secreto, pues eso le hacía superior a sus rivales. Zeami actuó siendo niño ante el shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu y recibió a partir de entonces su protección, además de convertirse, al parecer, en su amante. Pero cuando murió el shogun, Zeami no obtuvo el apoyo del nuevo gobernante, y tuvo que exiliarse.</p>
<p>Durante siglos se consideró que Zeami había sido actor y escritor de obras de teatro Nô, pero en 1909 se descubrieron unos manuscritos en los que explicaba sus secretos artísticos, el llamado Fushikaden.</p>
<div align="center"><a href="http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/fushikaden.jpg" title="fushikaden.jpg"><img src="http://danieltubaugarcia.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/fushikaden.thumbnail.jpg" alt="fushikaden.jpg" /></a></div>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<div align="center">Portada de la edición española del Fushikaden de Zeami, una edición extraordinaria a cargo de Javier Rubiera e Hidehito Higashitani. Además del tratado de Zeami, incluye cuatro de sus dramas Nô.</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>El Fushikaden contiene muchas cosas interesantes y Zeami demuestra una inteligencia y perspicacia notables, como en este pasaje en el que explica si el artista debe complacer a los que tienen buen ojo crítico o a los que carecen de él:</p>
<blockquote><p>"En general hay muchos modos de conseguir fama y prestigio en el Nô. Es difícil que un diestro satisfaga el corazón de los que no tiene buen ojo crítico. No suele ocurrir que un actor torpe resulte bien a los ojos de los que tienen buen ojo crítico. El que un diestro no satisfaga el corazón de los que no tienen buen ojo crítico se debe a la incapacidad de los ojos de los que no tienen buen ojo crítico, pero si es un diestro que ha alcanzado la maestría y además un actor que posee invención de recursos, actuará de tal manera que también a los ojos de los que no tienen buen ojo crítico se suscitará el interés. Se podría decir que un actor que haya alcanzado la máxima categoría en esta invención de recursos y maestría ha alcanzado la flor [la cima de su arte] (...) Precisamente ese actor que haya conseguido tal grado tendrá reconocimiento público y tambien hasta de la gente de países lejanos y de las zonas rurales, todos sin excepción lo encontrarán interesante (...)".</p></blockquote>
<p>Son consideraciones que nos hacen pensar en autores como Shakespeare o los clásicos griegos, que también eran capaces de interesar al mismo tiempo a los iniciados y a los profanos, mientras que otros sólo son capaces de gustar al público más vulgar o al público más selecto, extremos que suelen coincidir en su rígida respuesta ante todo lo que no se ajusta a su prejuicios. Zeami, como Moliere o Shakespeare, no sólo escribía obras, sino que también las representaba, por lo que conocía las dificultades de complacer a todos los espectadores sin dejar fuera ni a lo que subvencionarían sus trabajos ni a quienes llenarían las salas.</p>
<blockquote><p>"En cuanto a este arte, el ser querido y apreciado por todos se considera como base de la felicidad en el mantenimiento de la compañía. Por eso, si exclusivamente se muestra sólo un estilo incomprensible, no habrá elogios de nadie. Por esta razón, sin olvidarse del espíritu del principiante en el Nô, dependiendo del momento y del lugar, hay que actuar de tal manera que se convenza al ojo vulgar; eso sí que es la felicidad."</p></blockquote>
<p>El artista que se gana la vida con su trabajo y que se ve obligado constantemente a depender del público no puede comportarse como aquel que se mantiene alejado y a cubierto: debe conocer lo que los griegos llamaban el kairós, el momento adecuado para cada cosa, la respuesta idónea en cada situación. Debe adaptarse, refrenar a menudo su deseo de deslumbrar con algo que no va a ser entendido o eliminar un chite privado. Curiosamente, estas limitaciones que pone el mundo real a la imaginación del artista, a menudo mejoran lo que produce, le obligan a traducirse, hacerse entender, explicarse, y eso muchas veces mejora sus primeras ideas. Aunque durante años se despreció a Shakespeare por alternar lo sublime y lo vulgar, desde hace mucho tiempo sabemos que eso, precisamente, es una de las cosas que lo hace superior a los artistas vulgares, pero también a los sublimes.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Gap]]></title>
<link>http://damiengwalter.wordpress.com/2007/12/26/the-gap/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 26 Dec 2007 20:30:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>damiengwalter</dc:creator>
<guid>http://damiengwalter.wordpress.com/2007/12/26/the-gap/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I am tapping this out on my new Ipod Touch which is the closest thing to a portable computer I have ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am tapping this out on my new Ipod Touch which is the closest thing to a portable computer I have ever encountered. Aren't Xmas presents great? The keyboard is a little fiddley so please excuse the inevitable spelling mistake.</p>
<p>I've always had something against the gap between Xmas and new year. Who knows why? Maybe its the disrupted routine. Maybe its the expectation of something about to happen. Like the gap in a dramatic scene where the action changes in a direction the audience never expected. The esteemed Robert McKee claims that all drama flows from the gap. Its the space the writers mind lives in, the void where dreams and nightmares live. Maybe I should like this time more.</p>
<p>I've written a story every Xmas for the last few years. I wonder what this year will bring.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Story Seminar]]></title>
<link>http://numalab.wordpress.com/2007/10/14/story-seminar/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 14 Oct 2007 15:04:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Dennis</dc:creator>
<guid>http://numalab.wordpress.com/2007/10/14/story-seminar/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This is a late post, but I wanted to mention briefly how invaluable Robert McKee&#8217;s Story Semin]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://numalab.wordpress.com/files/2007/11/images1.jpeg" alt="Story" align="left" hspace="20" vspace="10" />This is a late post, but I wanted to mention briefly how invaluable Robert McKee's Story Seminar was 2 weekends ago: http://mckeestory.com.  By glancing at his site you can see the wealth of knowledge and experience this man possesses. The seminar was a grueling 9am-8pm Fri-Sun, with a one hour lunch and sporadic 15 minute breaks. But even with that, time was limited and the content seemed to spill over every moment. Robert McKee is a straight shooter, no bullshit. The course was so packed full of material, my newly purchased spiral bound notebook couldn't house the flood of information that came out of his mouth. He used the f-word twice in every sentence, added a plethora of his own liberal commentary and spoke not just about screenwriting, but about real life. Some people didn't like the tough guy mantra, but his endorsements come second to none: http://mckeestory.com/endorsements.html.</p>
<p>The course was so inspiring, I've already planned on going to his second seminar called the Genre Weekend, which takes place January in Las Vegas. And of course, I've dusted off (opened an old folder on my desktop rather) and revisited many old story treatments left compiling in my mind (and hard drive). So I'm back at trying to rework and reimagine some of my treatments, hoping to finish my first script by next summer. If all goes well, you heard it here first...</p>
<p>d</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Usabilidad]]></title>
<link>http://caracteres.wordpress.com/?p=636</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2007 12:01:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>neuer</dc:creator>
<guid>http://caracteres.wordpress.com/?p=636</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Para los que no están familiarizados con el tema, diré que la usabilidad es una disciplina que se ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Para los que no están familiarizados con el tema, diré que la usabilidad es una disciplina que se ocupa del estudio de las páginas web. No de lo que contienen, sino de cómo son y cómo deberían ser. Una página web "usable" es una página web que resulta útil y fácil de manejar por sus usuarios. Por el contrario, una página web con poca usabilidad es la que ofrece dificultades para la navegación o resulta confusa.</p>
<p>Hay muchos teóricos de la usabilidad. Desde hace ya varios años, como suele suceder gracias al legendario sentido práctico y al gusto por los negocios de los norteamericanos (EEUU), la usabilidad es una fuente de dinero, gracias a la cual muchos teóricos se han hecho millonarios.</p>
<p>Hacer dinero gracias a la usabilidad no significa que esta disciplina sea mejor o peor, y mi intención no es caer en el habitual argumento demagógico acerca del mercantilismo norteamericano. Lo menciono tan sólo porque considero que este aspecto influye de manera en las teorías de los expertos en usabilidad. Espero mostrarlo más adelante.</p>
<p>El más conocido de los gurús de la usabilidad es Jacob Nielsen. Advierto de nuevo que tampoco utilizo el término gurú con una intención despectiva: en Estados Unidos, ser un gurú es algo equivalente a ser un super experto en algo. Es un calificativo elogioso, aunque tenga un claro matiz irónico, pues, como dice George Steiner, en Estados Unidos, "donde la irreverencia es tan tradicional como la tarta de cerezas" apenas se encuentran "maestros" a la manera de los de la tradición europea, asiática, africana o del resto de América.</p>
<p>De hecho, la palabra maestro referida a un pensador o a un guía intelectual ("master") tiene una connotación casi tan  ridícula como gurú.</p>
<p>McLuhan, que era canadiense, fue el gran gurú de la modernidad en Estados Unidos, de lo que él llamaba la Galaxia Marconi, que venía a sustituir a la Galaxia Gutenberg; Syd Field y Robert McKee eran o son gurús de la teoría del guión; Negroponte y Esther Dyson fueron o son gurús del mundo digital.</p>
<p>Conseguir el título de gurú en Estados Unidos, a pesar de la connotación burlona, es el camino más corto al éxito y al dinero, pues junto a esa irreverencia legendaria, que tanto ha influido en el mundo moderno, en Estados Unidos muchísimas personas están dispuestas a comprar las fórmulas de los gurús como quien compra un coche o una casa.</p>
<p>Jacob Nielsen nació en Dinamarca, pero desarrolló su carrera en Estados Unidos, y fue allí donde se convirtió en gurú.</p>
<p>Nielsen fue muy influido por el legendario libro doble de Ted Nelson <i>Computer Lib/Thinking <span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span>Machines.</i></p>
<p>Puedes leer un artículo acerca del fascinante Ted Nelson, creador del hiperenlace, que alguien, tal vez yo mismo, publicará en <i>nuestroS antepasadoS</i>.</p>
<p><b>Los descubrimientos de Nielsen</b></p>
<p>Así que Nielsen es el gurú de la usabilidad. Un gurú de este estilo comparte ciertas características con los gurús tradicionales de la India: son gente que aparenta saber mucho, pero su conocimiento no procede directamente de lo que llamamos saber académico, sino más bien de su propia experiencia; en el caso de Nielsen, de la observación cuidadosa e inteligente. Un gurú suele señalar algo que estaba a la vista de todos, pero que nadie ha mirado con atención.</p>
<p>Nielsen, por ejemplo, observó que en la impresionante página de venta de la empresa de ordenadores Apple faltaba un pequeño detalle: un botón para comprar aquellos maravillosos productos. Ese es uno de sus grandes descubrimientos.</p>
<p>Puede parecer que se trata de un detalle trivial, pero lo cierto es que los detalles triviales a menudo son muy importantes, como intenté demostrar en mi ensayo: <i>Lo único que importa es lo superfluo.</i></p>
<p>(Por cierto, da la impresión de que el acento en supérfluo no sería superfluo, sino conveniente, ya que la tendencia natural nos lleva a pronunciar "superfluo" como "superflúo".)</p>
<p>Nielsen no se limitó a descubrir que a Apple le faltaba un botón para vender sus productos. Esa y otras muchas cosas las descubrió mediante uno de los mejores métodos que puede emplear un investigador: la observación.</p>
<p>Nielsen, en efecto, se dedicó a observar no lo que hacían los creadores de páginas web, sino lo que hacían los usuarios que visitaban esas páginas.</p>
<p>De este modo, descubrió que los que querían comprar un producto Apple se volvían locos intentando encontrar una manera de acceder al servicio de ventas, y que quienes entraban en la página por simple curiosidad no veían, como es obvio, un botón de venta que les incitase a plantearse la posibilidad de comprar algo. Pero también descubrió otras cosas, por ejemplo, lo fastidiosas que eran las animaciones realizadas con el programa Flash en una página web. Su conclusión fue que poner contenidos Flash en una página web era en un 99% malo. Eso hizo que la empresa creadora de Flash le contratase como consejero para la próxima versión del producto. Si no puedes vencer a tu enemigo, cómpralo.</p>
<p>Y, en efecto, una semana después de ser contratado por Macromedia, Nielsen escribió un artículo titulado: "Flash, 99% bueno".</p>
<p><b>¿Quién descubre qué dónde?</b></p>
<p>Aquí es obligado un nuevo inciso: he leído en una página web que a menudo se dan normas de usabilidad sin mencionar a su creador, Jacob Nielsen. Sin duda es cierto, pero también se da la situación inversa: a menudo se atribuyen a Nielsen descubrimientos que no hizo él.</p>
<p>Puesto que es bueno evitar repetir tópicos, y con ello contribuir a su difusión, advierto desde este momento que las ideas acerca de la usabilidad que voy a mencionar no pertenecen necesariamente a Nielsen.</p>
<p>Sería demasiado arduo, y sin duda excedería mis fuerzas, averiguar en este momento quién fue el primero que dijo tal o cual cosa acerca de la usabilidad. Entre otras razones, porque muchas de estas ideas son de puro sentido común y, en consecuencia, pudieron ser muchos quienes las formularon. Como ya se ha insinuado antes, el mérito del descubrimiento científico casi nunca corresponde a la primera persona que lo pensó, sino a la primera que se detuvo en ello y examino a fondo esa idea, dándose cuenta de lo importante que era (la anterior es una observación que suelo atribuir a Henri Poincaré, pero tal vez me equivoco): así, por ejemplo, el descubridor de la actual teoría de la evolución se apellidaba Darwin, pero no se llama Erasmus, sino Charles. Erasmus pensó en la evolución, pero fue su nieto quien se planteó la idea con seriedad.</p>
<p>Otra característica que comparten los gurús de Estados Unidos y los de la india es que en ambos casos están muy seguros de lo que dicen, suelen hacer listas orales o escritas acerca de lo que se puede hacer o no hacer y hablan de manera extremada pero a mismo tiempo parece estar más allá de lo que dicen.</p>
<p><b>Los descubrimientos de Nielsen (y de otros expertos en usabilidad)</b></p>
<p>El método de Nielsen es sencillo. Consiste en sentar a un usuario frente a una página web y observar lo que hace. No hay que indicarle nada, está prohibido cualquier consejo. Que se las apañe como pueda.</p>
<p>Al observar a muchos usuarios dejados a su suerte en Internet, descubrimos varias cosas:</p>
<p>1.     Que cuando en una página tienen que hacer más de tres clicks para encontrar lo que buscan, suelen desistir de seguir buscando. O al menos sienten cierta antipatía hacia esa página y la visitan menos.</p>
<p>2.     Que si una página tarda más de 30 segundos en cargarse, la abandonan y buscan otra.</p>
<p>3.      Con gran rotundidad Nielsen expone que lo habitual es que un usuario no lea con detalle ni siquiera una mínima parte de los textos de una página web. En su lugar, y por economía de tiempo, el usuario se limita a hojear la página por encima. Es decir, el usuario realiza un rápido barrido visual de cada página buscando elementos que llamen su atención.</p>
<p align="left">4.     Convienen resaltar palabras mediante negrita y cambios de color o de</p>
<h2>tamaño.</h2>
<p align="left">En este sentido los hipervínculos actúan como elementos de atracción visual pues se destacan del resto del texto.</p>
<p align="left">5.     Listas de elementos con viñetas o numeradas.</p>
<p align="left">6.     Estilo de pirámide invertida<br />
La idea principal o conclusión del texto debe escribirse al principio del mismo para lograr interesar al usuario en la lectura del mismo. Después se debe continuar con los razonamientos generales que sustentan el argumento. Para terminar se pueden ofrecer enlaces a otras páginas donde se ofrecen más detalles como tablas de datos, resultados concretos o informaciones previas.</p>
<p align="left">  Este tipo de redacción se conoce como el 'estilo de pirámide invertida'. Se trata de una secuenciación completamente opuesta a la utilizada tradicionalmente en los artículos científicos y académicos. De esta manera se asegura que el lector retiene lo más importante de la argumentación aunque no llegue a leer hasta el final del artículo o de la página</p>
<p>7.      Brevedad y sencillez<br />
Nielsen recomienda usar menos del 50% del texto usado habitualmente en una publicación escrita. Los usuarios se aburren con los textos largos. Los párrafos deben ser cortos, de dos o tres frases únicamente y muy directos en su estilo.</p>
<p align="left">8.     Títulos de sección y titulares breves intercalados (también llamados 'ladillos').</p>
<p>Refutación de Nielsen</p>
<p>El método de Nielsen de la observación es bueno. El lo llama método heurístico, es decir empírico, es decir observacional, y ya lo he descrito antes. Es el mismo método  que utilizaba Aristóteles: si queremos saber qué es la valentía, observemos cómo son esas personas a las que llamamos valientes, por ejemplo Alcíbiades de Atenas.</p>
<p>Ahora bien, aunque el método es bueno, es tan sólo un primer paso para otra cosa. Si nos limitamos simplemente a enumerar lo que hace Alcíbiades, tendremos un gran conocimiento de la vida de Alcíbiades y tal vez de su carácter, pero no habremos avanzado demasiado en nuestro conocimiento de qué es la valentía. Tendremos también que comparar el comportamiento de Alcíbiades con el de otras personas consideradas valientes hasta que podamos aislar las características comunes a esos actos llamados "valientes" e intentar averiguar por qué son valientes, y no temerarios o cobardes. Es muy posible que la conclusión que alcancemos sea que la gente se equivoca al llamar valiente a Alcíbiades y que este dirigente griego no era tan valiente, o que no siempre lo era.</p>
<p>Si aplicamos el método de la observación pura a otros terrenos, descubriremos que si entregamos a niños de cinco años los juguetes que hemos fabricado para ellos lo más probable es que los destrocen en poco tiempo. Eso nos llevará a una conclusión correcta: hay ciertos juguetes que no son adecuados para niños de cinco años, por ejemplo aquellos que tienen piezas pequeñas, porque se las pueden tragar. Pero no nos obliga a adoptar la conclusión: "Hay que hacer que todos los juguetes sean adecuados para niños de cinco años".</p>
<p>En efecto, también podemos hacer juguetes para niños de ocho, diez o catorce años. Incluso podemos hacer juguetes para adultos.</p>
<p>Lo mismo se puede decir de la usabilidad.</p>
<p>Descubrir que la mayoría de los usuarios navega la mayor parte del tiempo haciendo tres clics y cambiando de página; que la abandona si tarda más de 20 segundos en cargarse; que sólo se lee las dos primeras líneas de cada cosa, etcétera, no quiere decir que debamos hacer que todos los contenidos de nuestras páginas sean accesibles mediante sólo tres clics; tampoco debe impedirnos hacer una página en la que la espera de 20 segundos o un minuto valga la pena; y, por supuesto, no nos obliga a escribir dos primeras líneas fascinantes y rellenar el resto con texto sobrante (el llamado lorem ipsum).</p>
<p>Como dice un experto web cuyo nombre lamentablemente no recuerdo, aunque todos queremos comer, preferimos hacerlo en un restaurante en vez de en una clínica. La comida de la clínica es perfectamente nutritiva. De hecho, ha sido preparada teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del enfermo, pero, a no ser que estemos enfermos, siempre preferiremos la comida casera o la de un buen restaurante.</p>
<p>Naturalmente, es un incentivo intentar que todo resulte lo más intuitivo y sencillo posible para el visitante. A todos nos gustaría que todo sucediese en un instante, y lo cierto es que el avance técnico dentro de poco permitirá que así sea.</p>
<div class="snap_preview">
<p style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:14pt;margin:0;">Los expertos en usabilidad observan cómo se comportan los usuarios y nos dice que no debemos hacer nuestra página de ésta o aquélla manera porque el comportamiento de los usuarios es éste o aquel. En vez de mejorar, los malos hábitos se perpetúan.</p>
<p style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:14pt;margin:0;">&#160;</p>
<p>Del mismo modo que con Internet, podríamos hacer un informe de usabilidad acerca de los hábitos televisivos. Obtendríamos el siguiente resultado: el espectador no ve todo de principio a fin, sino que hace zapping.</p>
<p>Conclusión: demos al espectador el zapping ya hecho; en vez de una película hagamos una sucesión de fragmentos de diferentes programas mezclados con fragmentos de anuncios.</p></div>
<p>En consecuencia, observar qué hacen los usuarios con las páginas web muchas veces se parece a observar qué hace un niño de tres años con la <i>Crítica de la razón pura de Kant</i>.</p>
<p>Con el agravante, como señala marcóticos en algún lugar de su <a href="http://www.pixelteca.com/log/" target="_blank">página </a>web de que el mundo de las páginas webs y los blogs sólo lleva unos cuantos años.</p>
<p>Imaginemos que habría pasado si en el desarrollo de cualquier medio o herramienta nos hubiésemos limitado a observar qué hacían con ella los usuarios: tal vez habríamos descubierto que muchos usaban un libro para equilibrar las patas de una mesa, así que podríamos llegar a la conclusión de que lo mejor era editar los libros completamente en blanco, porque para equilibrar una mesa las letras que contiene un libro no sirven para nada.</p>
<p>Naturalmente todo esto son exageraciones. No pretendo afirmar que los usuarios de páginas web son todos como niños de tres años, o como aquellos que consideran que la mayor utilidad del libro es equilibrar mesas. Pero sí que hay muchas maneras de usar la web y no todas consisten en vender y comprar, ni siquiera en conseguir más navegantes que las páginas rivales. Tampoco el modelo de los blogs es la única manera posible de publicar textos personales en una web.</p>
<p><b>¿De qué van las webs?</b></p>
<p>Ahora bien, resulta que los consejos de Nielsen y de los gurús de la usabilidad no se limitan a los aspectos más o menos técnicos, más o menos relacionados con el diseño casi formal o técnico de la página. También se ocupan del contenido. Y también en este aspecto nos piden que hagamos todas nuestras páginas para niños de cinco años.</p>
<p>Nos piden, por ejemplo, que pongamos la conclusión al principio y luego la demostración. Esta es la manera habitual del periodismo: el titular primero, después un breve lid en el que se resume la noticia o se señala el punto considerado más importante y, finalmente, el cuerpo de la noticia. De este modo, nos dicen los periodistas y los expertos en usabilidad, nos aseguramos de que el usuario, aunque no se lea el texto entero, sí se entere de la noticia o conozca al instante  la idea que queremos trasmitir.</p>
<p>Javier Sampedro contaba en una entrevista que cuando se convirtió en periodista de temas científicos, lo primero que le enseñaron fue escribir "al revés", es decir, poner al principio la conclusión.<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffcccc;"></span></p>
<p>Es un buen consejo, pero ¿es necesario que todas las páginas web sean como periódicos o como almacenes comerciales?</p>
<p>Un titular, el título de una entrada es generalmente informativo, y todos lo utilizamos, a no ser que contemos ya con lectores interesados en lo que contemos sea lo que sea. Esos titulares y lids sirven para que alguien sepa de qué trata el asunto y pueda sentirse interesado en leer el texto, pero se convierte en una pérdida de tiempo, sobre todo para quien lo escribe, si se convierte en lo único que lee el navegante. Se produce de este modo una especie de impaciencia en el lector y una necesidad de ser un brillante resumidor en el creador de la página.</p>
<p>Si observamos a un lector leyendo un libro de filosofía, descubriremos que, por ejemplo, se suele saltar las citas. Si deberíamos hacer caso del lector tipo, los libros de filosofía, de historia, de mitología, sólo serían colecciones de trivialidades, papilla intelectual para mentes perezosas. Afortunadamente existen lectores a los que les interesa seguir con atención las argumentaciones de los autores.</p>
<p>Es obvio que los titulares y los lids sirven para informar rápidamente al visitante o lector de si está allí lo que está buscando, o de si se trata de un tema que le interese. Es un reclamo y un sistema de ordenación del que no podemos prescindir. Pero no es un sustituto de la cosa entera. Quien quiera información rápida o comprar algo, agradecerá estas breves señales, pero quien busque algo más, por ejemplo verdadera información, deberá aprender a no juzgar el todo por la parte, es decir, el texto completo por su resumen.<br />
Lo cierto es que todos nos vamos acostumbrando a leer sólo los titulares, los lids, los resúmenes o las conclusiones, y nos evitamos las demostraciones, las argumentaciones, los desarrollos. Eso hace que la mayoría de la gente hable con una seguridad pasmosa de lo evidente que es esto o lo otro, pero que en realidad no sepan por qué esas cosas son tan evidentes.De todo para todos</p>
<p>Ahora bien, si llevamos la comparación con los periódicos más lejos, descubrimos que en los periódicos no sólo hay noticias. También hay artículos y columnas de opinión, reportajes, e incluso artículos científicos. Un lector puede leer ciertos titulares y no interesarse por lo que viene después, pero también puede detenerse para leer dos páginas de un reportaje.</p>
<p>Por otra parte, los periódicos no son lo único que se imprime en papel. También hay revistas. Algunas revistas se dedican al cotilleo o choluleo, otras a la política, algunas dedican de manera monográfica más de cien páginas a un único tema (recuerdo ahora el excelente monográfico de La Vanguardia dedicado a Irán); incluso hay rigurosas revistas de ciencia, como Scientific American y Nature, y otras dedicadas a la literatura, desde las que se limitan a ser una especie de cotilleo literario, como Qué leer, a otras que examinan a fondo unos cuantos libros, como Libros.</p>
<p>Además, no sólo se imprimen periódicos y revistas en papel. También se imprimen libros.</p>
<p>Los libros a veces contienen cuentos o ensayos breves. Otras veces se trata de novelas, que pueden tener cien páginas o 1500. A veces son tratados científicos o manuales para estudiantes.</p>
<p>En el otro extremo, también, existen otras cosas escritas en papel, como las hojas de publicidad o los fliers de las discotecas.</p>
<p>Todas estas cosas se imprimen en papel. El medio es el mismo y, por ello, quien quiera imprimir algo en papel, ha de adaptarse a las condiciones de ese medio: si imprime letras negras sobre fondo negro, será imposible leer nada; si publica un libro con un tamaño de letra diminuto, los lectores se lo pensarán dos veces antes de comprarlo. Si anuncia una revista de literatura y acaba siendo de cotilleo, algunos lectores se sentirán decepcionados y dejarán de comprarla.</p>
<p>Del mismo modo que hay periódicos, pero también revistas, libros, hojas de publicidad, y de la misma manera que en papel podemos encontrar desde cotilleo a información política, novelas, ensayos y tratados científicos, en una página web puede suceder lo mismo. No todo tiene por qué ser páginas de venta o propaganda, ni blogs en los que uno cuenta cronológicamente sus pequeños accidentes domésticos o sus opiniones tal como se le van ocurriendo sobre la marcha.</p>
<div class="snap_preview">En lo que se refiere a páginas y blogs personales eso es lo mismo que si en un cuaderno de papel nos obligarán a escribir sólo de determinada manera, con tal o cual color, y que, además, nos dijeran qué cosas se pueden escribir y cuáles no, y en qué orden. Y lo cierto es que en muchos aspectos una página web está tan abierta a infinitas posibilidades y usos como la página de un bloc. Un blog, si se quiere, puede usarse simplemente como un bloc.</div>
<p>Ahora bien<span style="background-color:#99ff99;"></span><span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span>, como sucede con el papel, quien escriba para Internet debe tener en cuenta ciertas consideraciones, algunas obligadas, como la de no escribir blanco sobre blanco o negro sobre negro (en una de mis páginas hay, sin embargo, una excepción a esta norma); otras tan sólo recomendables, como respetar los estándares de navegación, por ejemplo, o que los vínculos aparezcan en azul. Precisamente los vínculos son una característica del medio de internet de la que carece el medio impreso y es bueno aprovecharse de ello.</p>
<p>En las <i>Paradojas del guionista</i> dediqué un capítulo a esta cuestión: "El medio es y no es el mensaje". Un conocido lo leyó y me dijo: "Estoy completamente de acuerdo en lo que dices, el medio determina el mensaje". Otro lector me dijo: "Estoy completamente de acuerdo, el medio es lo de menos, lo que importa es el mensaje."</p>
<p>Mi intención no era ni una ni otra; mi intención era que el lector llegase a la conclusión que ya se anticipaba, como en un buen titular periodístico, en el título del capítulo: "El medio es y no es el mensaje".</p>
<p>Si nos quedamos sólo con la primera parte o sólo con la segunda es que no hemos entendido nada.</p>
<p>Por eso, aunque pueda parecer que desprecio las opiniones del gurú de la usabilidad Jakob Nielsen, he de decir, que muy al contrario, las respeto y las estudio con atención. Después decido si quiero aplicarlas o no. En algunos casos me ayudan, pero en otros son inadecuadas para mis intenciones.</p>
<p>Lo cierto es que el propio Jakob Nielsen no aplica algunas de sus propias ideas en su página web, que es, por otra parte, una de las más antipáticas y poco apetecibles que existen desde el punto de vista del diseño y la usabilidad:</p>
<p align="center"><!--[if gte vml 1]&#38;gt;                                                  &#38;lt;![endif]--><a href="http://caracteres.wordpress.com/2007/08/31/usabilidad/637/" rel="attachment wp-att-637" title="nielsen-pagina.jpg"><img src="http://caracteres.wordpress.com/files/2008/02/nielsen-pagina.jpg" alt="nielsen-pagina.jpg" /></a></p>
<blockquote><p><i>"Sitio no todo lo usable que se desearía del que se supone que es el mayor experto en usabilidad. En primer lugar, el excesivo número de enlaces en la página principal, sin ningún índice que ayude a localizar los distintos grupos de enlaces. También se aprecia la excesiva longitud de la página, de unas tres pantallas siendo vista a una resolución de 1024x768. Y cuando se llega al final de la página, sorprendentemente no existe un enlace para volver a la parte superior. Por si esto fuera poco, en los datos de contacto que aparecen en la zona inferior ni siquiera se ha molestado en convertir su dirección de correo electrónico en un enlace que abra directamente nuestro programa de correo. Si accedemos a la sección que recoge los artículos escritos durante los últimos siete años en la columna conocida como Alertbox, podremos observar que aparecen todos amontonados. Realmente están ordenados por fecha, pero esto no queda lo suficientemente claro al aparecer en primer lugar el título del artículo." </i>(David Moner Cano y Jordi Sabaté Alsina, <a href="http://www.unal.edu.co/documentos/servicio_web/usabilidad_para_web.pdf" target="_blank">Usabilidad</a>)<span style="background-color:#ffff99;"></span></p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA["Surpassing Excellence" an Interview with Robert McKee]]></title>
<link>http://kevinbroom.wordpress.com/2007/07/06/surpassing-excellence-an-interview-with-robert-mckee/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jul 2007 23:14:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kevin Broom</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kevinbroom.wordpress.com/2007/07/06/surpassing-excellence-an-interview-with-robert-mckee/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Absolutewrite.com&#8217;s Mike Farris has published an article about screenwriting based on a lengt]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="center"><img border="0" width="430" src="http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2004/08/01/robert_mckee,0.jpg" height="323" /></p>
<p><a href="http://www.absolutewrite.com/screenwriting/robert_mckee.htm">Absolutewrite.com's Mike Farris has published an article about screenwriting based on a lengthy interview with story guru Robert McKee.</a>  For those not familiar with McKee, here's the thumbnail -- <a href="http://www.mckeestory.com/">McKee </a>began giving acclaimed screenwriting seminars 15 years ago, and has written a book called <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Story-Substance-Structure-Principles-Screenwriting/dp/0060391685/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/102-8081442-8753761?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1183762298&#38;sr=8-1"><em>Story</em></a>, which presents principles for good storytelling.</p>
<p>McKee's tips are much debated.  Some complain that his book and his seminars offer a "formula" for writing movies that don't fit all stories.  Others complain that he's bombastic, overly opinionated and too full of himself.  Whatever.  Personally, I have found his book to be useful -- jammed full of tips about writing and telling stories.  Complaints that he's just another "formula peddler" miss the point, in my opinion.  His book literally starts by saying that screenwriting isn't about formulas, and throughout the book he examines different ways to tell stories and points out strengths and weaknesses of each.</p>
<p>What McKee has done with <em>Story</em> is present a well-researched treatise on why stories have worked through the ages.  He identifies key elements that will satisfy an audience, and points out the importance of knowing genre conventions.  It's a good book.</p>
<p>Whatever you think of McKee, his students have done pretty well.  Collectively they've won 27 Oscars, 141 Emmys, 20 Writers Guild Awards, and 17 Directors Guild Awards.  They've made films like <em>A Beautiful Mind, </em>the LOTR series, <em>Finding Nemo, Pirates of the Caribbean</em>, and others.</p>
<p>And, to further dispense with the notion that he's just shilling his formula, he says early in the interview that Hollywood readers won't care if your inciting incident is on the wrong page or that your mid-point climax doesn't happen exactly in the halfway point.</p>
<p>"If they're swept along by the characters and the story you're telling, they'll keep reading whether the plot points and inciting incidents are in the "proper" place or not," McKee told Farris.</p>
<p>What sells, McKee says is "surpassing excellence."  Write a great script with a great story, and there WILL be interest in your screenplay.  If your screenplay isn't selling, it's because it's not good enough.  Period.</p>
<p>The comment I found most intriguing though was the thought that there is no true filmmaking system.  Hollywood is but one outlet for an aspiring screenwriter or filmmaker.  If Hollywood isn't interested in buying your script, there is a thriving independent market.  And, with low cost digital filmmaking equipment available, and the Internet, it's entirely possible to make the film yourself if you believe in it that much.  As McKee says, "The solution begins with the mastery of the art."</p>
<p>Said McKee, "You have to think like an artist.  If you think you're in over your head, and that doesn't intimidate you, you just might make it.  The hard part is getting in the chair and writing.  It takes tremendous willpower and discipline, and the only way to defeat the fear is to gain the self-confidence that comes from knowing you've mastered the art form."</p>
<p>So, study screenplays.  Study movies.  Park your butt in the chair and write something of surpassing excellence.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Game Makeup, Archetypes, and Other Boring Shit]]></title>
<link>http://rexgaming.wordpress.com/?p=3</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 13 Nov 1974 00:28:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ixisrex</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rexgaming.wordpress.com/?p=3</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Short note: These are based around my own thinking and observations. In other words I&#8217;m a laz]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-5" src="http://rexgaming.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/extreme-ad-51.jpg?w=200" alt="" width="200" height="300" /></p>
<div>Short note: These are based around my own thinking and observations. In other words I'm a lazy bastard who doesn't read books on the subject, even though I should. If you happen to know of a book about game design and such with a similar hypothesis, or an outright definition (something like Understanding Comics or Story. Both of which I'm going to steal from, as far as format is concerned.) I'm not going to pretend as if I have actual researched knowledge into the field, or that I'm some kind of expert, but I do want to see what other people think of the ideas I guess.</div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div><strong>Video Game Composition</strong></div>
<div>
<p>So, a video game is a game played on a computer, against a computer or another human opponent using a computer (basic stuff.) "Game" in general has a lot of definitions, but I'm going to say a game is composed of two things: rules and a goal. A goal contains the conditions for victory and the rules are the laws by which one must follow to attain the goal. Furthermore, rules have a hierarchy, and can be bent, broken and overwritten. Specific genres of games have similar goals or rulesets that set them apart from other games. For example, sports video games have rules and goals based on sports in the real world while platform games have goals based on reaching hard to get places and rules for governing movement.</p>
<p>A game must always have rules, the goal is secondary (it might exist, or in some cases not exist at all.)</p>
<p><strong>Video Game Archetypes</strong><br />
(Here's where I start stealing from Robert McKee and Scott McCloud...)</div>
<div>
<div><span style=