First let's watch a little film from a shaman in Utah, about the Hopi Prophecy and the collapse of the Mayan calendar in 2012.  There are various theories on this, but one thing is clear.  We need to pierce the veil of illusion and see the True Brother.  It's the little brother, in the prophecy...which I will unpack below...(to the best of my ability).  This is taken in the four corners region that the prophecy speaks of...

This is the film about the HOPI PROPHECY "Koyaanisqatsi"  with music by Philip Glass.  In the 80's our world was not as it is now.  We did not have GM modified seeds, and we did not have cell phones, or even this way of communicating with each other on the Internet.  Here is part of that film:

The word "Koyaanisqatsi" refers to "life out of balance"

Here you can read the entire HOPI PROPHECY over at Welcomehome.org!

Hopi Prophecy

The Hopis say this:

"...The Hopi and others who were saved from the Great Flood made a sacred covenant with the Great Spirit never to turn away from him. He made a set of sacred stone tablets, called Tiponi, into which he breathed his teachings, prophecies, and warnings. Before the Great Spirit hid himself again, he placed before the leaders of the four different racial groups four different colors and sizes of corn; each was to choose which would be their food in this world. The Hopi waited until last and picked the smallest ear of corn. At this, the Great Spirit said:

"It is well done. You have obtained the real corn, for all the others are imitations in which are hidden seeds of different plants. You have shown me your intelligence; for this reason I will place in your hands these sacred stone tablets, Tiponi, symbol of power and authority over all land and life to guard, protect, and hold in trust for me until I shall return to you in a later day, for I am the First and I am the Last..."

It is interesting to see what the Hopi people's elders forsaw, in light of the world we are now in and what has happened to the CORN.  Yesterday we saw how McCain had tried to get Geronimo's skull back, from all the skull and bone types.  But they wouldn't give it back.

The corn is sacred to the HOPI, and to America.  CommonDreams is going to tell you about the KERRYCORN, in this next article...

Revealed: health fears over secret study into GM food

And, OPEN SECRETS has more...

Power Struggle: Energizing the Presidential Race

"...To reduce reliance on oil from abroad, Obama is a strong proponent of domestically produced ethanol, which is usually derived from American-grown corn. McCain is against using corn for fuel and prefers sugar-based ethanol from a foreign source, Brazil..."

The Hopi say that the Blue Star Kachina will dance and remove his mask.

The AngryIndian has spoken, as I speak.  It is about the CORN we are growing, and who will profit from the terminator seed, and who will die.

International Indigenist Newswire Items for: 1.7.08

More of the Hopi Prophecy...

"...Hopi prophecy states that World War III will be started by the people who first received the Light -- China, Palestine, India and Africa. When the war comes, the United States will be destroyed by "gourds of ashes" which will fall to the ground, boiling the rivers and burning the earth, where no grass will grow for many years, and causing a disease that no medicine can cure. This can only mean nuclear or atomic bombs; no other weapon causes such effects. Bomb shelters will be useless, for "Those who are at peace in their hearts already are in the Great Shelter of Life. There is no shelter for evil. When the Saquahuh (blue Star) Kachina dances in the plaza and removes his mask, the time of the great trial will be here." The Hopi believe that only they will be saved.

The Hopi also have prophesied that "Turtle Island (the United States) could turn over two or three times and the oceans could join hands and meet the sky." This seems to be a prophecy of a "pole shift" -- a flipping, of the planet on its axis. The Hopi call this imminent condition -- and that of society today -- "Koyaanisqatsi", which means "world out of balance...a state of life that calls for another way... "

The HOPI prophecy means that we can turn back and follow the "pollen path" before it is too late.  Here is a picture of that pollen path... One way leads to "coin" and false corn, and one way leads to pure, natural unmodified corn...the pollen path of nature that will not kill the bees.  The pollen of the genetically modified corn may be responsible for the death of our bees...the HOPI chose the smallest ear of corn to preserve.   The seed is safe, if we turn back now.  The HOPI say:

"...The short line that returns to the straight Path of Life is the last chance for people to turn back to nature before the upper road disintegrates and dissipates. The small circle above the Path of Life, after the last chance, is the Great Purification, after which corn will grow in abundance again when the Great Spirit returns. And the Path of Life continues forever..."

One appears as a prophet, under coin, and with the swastika.

One appears under a star, and the star is now a blue star...

The true brother dances under a blue star in the four corners area.

The true brother will want the green way which will put us back on the pollen path...

The false brother will want only coin...

In the first video, you get a quick introduction to Floyd.

The following video introduces their home-alcohol fuel still called the Efuel-100. While it is impressive, it has drawbacks in it's feedstock and output limitations. Wait until you see the amazing still that Still Energy Solutions are about to introduce to the market. It's time to make a lot of money while helping save the planet. Let new, earth-positive markets flourish!

And if my usually-correct hunch is right, I think this company's stock is going to skyrocket in the next year.

© Not expend thesackattack.com 2007

After reading this,  You gotta wonder about the debate of moving to biofuels from Gasoline is worth it.

Harvesting Kudzu for Ethanol? - Treehugger 7/22/08

Corn, Incorporated: The Ethanol Scam - Alternet 7/14/08

Biofuels the source of world food crisis: leaked report - Guardian, UK 7/3/08

The Great Biofuels Con - Telegreaph, UK 7/12/08 

US and EU urged to cut biofuels by World Bank President - BBC 7/7/08

Corn Ethanol Worsens Gulf of Mexico 'Dead Zone' – Treehugger 6/12/08

Previously

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According to the authors, these factors have combined to rapidly raise demand for U.S. grains beyond current production, leading to “the change from a surplus to a shortage era” and to increased prices. The authors also say that 75 percent of the demand for biofuels has come as the result of increased oil prices rather than the renewable fuel standard.

This is much the same conclusion drawn by researchers at Texas A&M University (see earlier post). It is also similar to the stated view of Bruce Babcock of Iowa state University’s Center for Agricultural and Rural Development during testimony to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security:
“Elimination of the [RFS] mandate would reduce expected ethanol production by about 4 percent … and the price of corn would fall by slightly more than 1 percent.”

The Purdue University researchers also highlight “the potentially large supply response that could result as farmers in developing countries increase production and productivity.”

In case you haven't heard, food prices are going up. Go ahead... protest, panic, point fingers. It's that evil ethanol industry that's doing this afterall, how dare they use corn to make fuel, taking away from the supply and making the grocery bill go up.

Recent studies of Purdue University ag economists show that in fact the food prices are drven by a combination of factors... not only ethanol. High oil prices, the weak dollar, world production and consumption trends all add a little 'push' to the price. But that's a side of the story less often mentioned.

The following is a excerpt from the press release from Purdue University about the findings:

--- In a Farm Foundation commissioned report, the Purdue economists - Phil Abbott, Chris Hurt and Wally Tyner - highlight key factors gleaned from examining 25 recent studies plus their own analysis. Their conclusion: a complex combination of factors is fueling agricultural commodity price increases and rising food costs.

 Tyner, an expert on energy and policy issues, said the price of oil is an important factor that has increased the demand for biofuels. "About $3 of the corn price increase is due to the higher oil price and $1 to the ethanol subsidy," he said.

 As high oil prices spur demand for biofuels, the increased corn production stimulates demand for fertilizer, diesel, propane and other agricultural inputs. Prices for these inputs have also risen due to the "demand pull" from more corn being produced and subsequently the "cost push" due to the fact that petroleum products are key ingredients in many of these inputs.

 Another key factor - the weak dollar - is linked to the rise in all commodity prices. "The link between the U.S. dollar exchange rate and commodity prices is stronger and more important than many other studies imply," said Abbott. "Whatever impacts the dollar will influence food prices."

An expert on international trade and macro factors, Abbott points out that oil and agricultural commodities are priced in dollars. When the U.S. dollar falls, as it has for the last six years, then these goods become cheaper for others in the world to buy, which increases demand.

"The dollar has depreciated 45% from its peak in 2002 through 2007," said Abbott. "Over the same time the value of agricultural exports had increased 54%, and are projected to go much higher."

When asked how long these current high prices would last, the economists indicated two factors might be most significant. "Based on this analysis, high commodity prices will persist as long as high oil prices remain and as long as the dollar stays weak," said Tyner. "Lower oil and a stronger dollar would bring pressure on commodity prices to fall."

 Many studies point to the pace of global consumption being higher than global production as an important driver of commodity prices. In eight of the past nine years, consumption has grown faster than production. Unlike many who see China and India as major contributors to rising food commodity prices, the Purdue economists argue that is not the case.  "It's countries who trade that set the price. China and India are agriculturally self-sufficient and largely do not trade agricultural commodities," said Tyner.

When it comes to the price of oil, however, Tyner said that's another story. "While China and India are not the root cause of food demand, the opposite is true for oil, as China especially has a huge and growing appetite for oil."

Weather and crop diseases have also affected food prices over the past couple of years. Because consumption has exceeded production since the turn of the century, stocks are at record lows. When supplies are low, even small disruptions in production can put further pressure on tight inventories, Hurt said. Last year's drought and this year's late planting and flooding have affected, and will continue to affect, commodity prices.

"Under normal circumstances of large grain inventories these events might not have a large impact, but now prices will have to rise even higher to ration usage," he said.

The economists also said decreased investment in agricultural research has led to lower production growth, which has reduced stocks and set the stage for commodity price increases. "When we had crop surpluses in the 1980s and 1990s, research on crop productivity started to wane. It will take some time for new investments to bear fruit," Hurt said.

One factor the economists did not think was critical was the role of speculators in commodity markets. They indicate that the market is more volatile and trading heavier, but based on existing research, there is little to support the idea that price levels have increased because of speculation.

The report "What's Driving Food prices?" is available at http://www.farmfoundation.org.

The Fuel vs. Food Debate has finally reached its demise. In the past the biofuel Ethanol was made from sugar, corn, soybeans, rice, or wheat; our precious food staples! But now Los Angeles County has approved a ground breaking facility that will revolutionize the Biofuel industry.

Ethanol is an additive in gasoline that accounts for 10% of its makeup. And E-85 gas contains….you guessed it…up to 85% ethanol. But the debate has gone on about the production of Ethanol using more energy than it produces, also that it takes a large amount of wheat, soybeans, corn, sugar, or rice to produce this fuel. Now that debate can finally be put to rest.

Picture a large desert town trying to find an identity as it grows. This is the site of the revolutionary $30 million dollar Ethanol Plant built by BlueFire. Located next to the city landfill, this plant will not use food staples for the production of Ethanol; rather it will use biowaste. Grass clippings, wood chips, paper products, and cardboard will all be used by this facility to create Ethanol as an alternative to gasoline! And with the landfill right next door, there should be plenty of biowaste to be had. Could you imagine a country where every landfill not only has a recycling center but an Ethanol plant right next door?

http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/local&id=6283690
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol
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Be at Our Town meeting: Tell a story Us What Herself Rationalize!

IT MAY SURPRISE YOU TO learn that the most promising solution to our nation’s energy crisis begins in the bowels of a waste trough, under the slotted concrete floor of a giant pen that holds 28,000 Angus, Hereford, and Charolais beef cattle. But for some time now, I’ve been searching for a renewable fuel that could realistically replace the 140 billion gallons of gasoline consumed in the US each year. And now I believe the key to producing this fuel starts with cow manure – because this waste powers a facility that turns corn into ethanol.

I’m standing on a grassy hill in the middle of an 880-acre commercial feedlot just outside Mead, Nebraska, which is a long way from my home turf of clean labs and wood-paneled conference rooms in Silicon Valley. In front of me are four open-air cattle sheds. Each is the width of a giant barn and a full half-mile in length. From up here, they look more like jumbo-jet landing strips than animal pens. Beyond the sheds are several hundred acres of cornfields, from which much of the animals’ feed is harvested.

It may look like a typical, if huge, cattle feedlot – but for the glittering white four-story structure below that resembles the Centre Pompidou in Paris. Indeed, until recently this operation just off Mead’s County Road 10 was not unlike any other finishing ground for Nebraska’s beef cattle: a last stop before the abattoir. But starting in November, Oscar Mayer will no longer be the marquee product here. A company called E3 Biofuels is about to fire up the most energy-efficient corn ethanol facility in the country: a $75 million state-of the-art biorefinery and feedlot capable of producing 25 million gallons of ethanol a year. What’s more, it will run on methane gas produced from cow manure. The super-efficient operation capitalizes on a closed loop of resources available here on the prairie – cattle (fed on corn), manure (from the cows), and corn (fed into the ethanol distiller). The output: a potential gusher of renewable, energy-efficient transportation fuel.

Of course, 25 million gallons of ethanol is a drop in the tanker when it comes to our 140 billion-a-year oil habit. And ethanol itself is a subject of controversy for all sorts of reasons. Many of the criticisms, while true in some small ways, are aggressively promoted by the oil lobby and other interested parties in an effort to forestall change. Most are myths. Challenges certainly exist with ethanol, but none are insurmountable, and – with apologies to Al Gore – the convenient truth is that corn ethanol is a crucial first step toward kicking our oil addiction. I believe we can replace most of our gasoline needs in 25 years with biomass from our farmlands and municipal waste, while creating a huge economic boom cycle and a cheaper, cleaner fuel for consumers.

Which is why this Mead, Nebraska, farm is so exciting to me: The ethanol made here is not only clean but also cheap – this is perhaps the first ethanol plant to achieve both. More important, it is an early demon­stration of the great potential of biohols – liquid fuels derived from biomass for internal combustion engines. The facility is the first data point in what I call the biohol trajectory. (See “March of the Biohols,” page 143.) Like Moore’s law, this trajectory tracks a steady increase in performance, affordability, and, importantly, yield per acre of farmland. A number of biohols appear along this performance curve, among them corn ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, higher-energy-content butanol, and other biomass-derived fuels that are even more energy-rich than butanol. We’ll see fuels with higher energy density and better environmental characteristics, and we’ll develop engines better optimized for biohols. Ethanol and the newer fuels will yield better fuel efficiency as innovations like higher compression-ratio engines make their way into vehicles. In addition, we can count on the emergence of complementary technologies like cheaper hybrid vehicles, better batteries, plug-in hybrids, and more efficient, lighter-weight cars.

But the single most critical variable in the biohol trajectory is the coming rise in the number of gallons of fuel produced per acre. As we migrate from biomass derived from corn to biomass from so-called energy crops like switchgrass and miscanthus, I estimate that biomass yield will reach 20 to 24 tons per acre, a fourfold increase. At the same time, new technologies will enable us to extract more biohols from every ton of biomass, potentially to 110 gallons per ton. The result: We’ll be extracting 2,000 to 2,700 gallons of fuel per acre (as opposed to about 400 gallons with today’s technology). With better fuels and more-efficient engines improving mileage by about 50 percent, we can safely predict a seven- to tenfold gain in miles driven per acre of land over the next 25 years. Given this biohol trajectory, a future of independence from gasoline becomes not only possible but probable. And the trajectory begins with garden-variety corn ethanol.

We learned to formulate corn ethanol way back – it’s nothing more than moonshine. What makes the E3 Biofuels facility so novel isn’t its spectacular equipment but the way the equipment is fueled. The most important structures here happen also to be the least beautiful: a pair of four-story, 4 million-gallon fuel tanks, each filled to the brim with cow manure. Historically, ethanol plants were fired by coal or natural gas. But methane, produced from manure, powers this operation. Not only do no fossil fuels go into the plant, very little pollution comes out. It’s nearly a closed energy loop (some corn has to be bought from other farms).

E3 Biofuels achieves what’s known as a positive energy balance. For every BTU of energy used to run the ethanol plant, five BTUs are produced. A typical corn ethanol plant produces 1.3 to 1.8 BTUs for every BTU of fossil fuel input, including the energy required to grow the corn. (Gasoline has half the efficiency of corn ethanol, producing 0.8 BTUs for every BTU input.)

Here in Mead, almost nothing goes to waste: Components of the corn kernel that aren’t good for ethanol – the protein – are valuable additions to the cattle feed. The biodigestor waste left after methane production from cow manure is processed to produce ammonia fertilizer for the cornfields. The system is also environmentally friendly. Normally, groundwater pollution from cattle feedlots is a serious problem. But the process of producing fertilizer from the cattle manure keeps the phosphates out of the groundwater. Significantly, the energy system also prevents the venting of methane into the atmosphere, which is notable because methane is 23 times worse than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. Another benefit: Even under a blazing mid-August sun, I can barely smell the cattle.

I BECAME FAMILIAR with ethanol in 2003, when a business plan for a startup called BCI (now known as Celunol) crossed my desk. I had begun to look into alternative fuel technologies, but I couldn’t get comfortable with the economics of some of the trendy clean-energy technologies like hydrogen fuel cells.

I was impressed with Celunol’s technology for producing cellulosic ethanol (made from the cellulose, or “stalk,” of a plant rather than the sugar or starch “seed”), but I didn’t think the business was commercially viable. Still, I couldn’t bring myself to toss out the plan. It sat on a corner of my desk for nearly 18 months while I read everything I could about petroleum and its alternatives and what it would take to produce a replacement fuel for gasoline from a renewable resource.

In 2004, I began hearing about the ethanol market in Brazil, where the government had been unsuccessfully promoting ethanol cars. Consumers wanted a car that could use the much cheaper ethanol fuel but were reluctant to get locked into using ethanol only. When a car that offered the choice of either gasoline or ethanol as a fuel was introduced in 2003 by Volkswagen, sales took off, far surpassing expectations. Today, more than 70 percent of new cars sold in Brazil are so-called flex-fuel vehicles, which can run on gas or ethanol; three years ago, less than 4 percent of new cars were flex-fuel vehicles.

Brazil’s example made me think that replacing oil in the US was plausible, perhaps even possible. How, I wondered, could the possible be turned into the probable? Naturally, the US market is significantly different from Brazil’s. US consumers use six times as much oil as Brazilians per capita. Brazil gets its ethanol from sugarcane, but the US can’t grow much sugarcane (which has an exceptionally high energy efficiency) in our climates. Still, considering the technological creativity and capital at our disposal, I felt certain that the most powerful country in the world could achieve something a country with an economy one-eighth our size had successfully embarked on.

The business opportunity loomed as large as anything I’d ever seen. The key to turning the possible into the probable – and dislodging the oil companies – would be to convince Wall Street that there were substantial profits to be made. To me, it seemed ethanol and other biohols could eventually replace all our gasoline needs – and they would not need subsidies to outcompete fossil fuels. Just because ethanol gets subsidies doesn’t mean it needs them. Biohols were the only kind of alternative energy that I believed met two essential criteria: They would scale to solve a material problem, and they could economically compete with fossil fuels without subsidies. In 2004, I formed Khosla Ventures. One of our early investments was Celunol.

WHEN IT COMES TO TECHNOLOGY, the best way to change the world is not by revolution but by evolutionary steps. Change must follow from step to step, from innovation to innovation, as technology matures, each step justifying its economic viability and attracting investment. So while ethanol may not be ideal, I’m convinced it’s the best first step on the biohol trajectory. Ethanol offers one thing no other oil substitute can: a clear path from where we are to where we hope to be.

There are other scenarios we can imagine – say, wind-driven hydrogen generators powering our cars – but they are just that: blue-sky flights of imagination from academics and dreamers with no notion of reality. Then there are those tunnel-vision skeptics who refuse to believe that there is a trajectory to energy independence. I invite those folks to sit on the sidelines and watch the show or to go work on a better solution. Twenty-five years ago such doubters were dismissive of personal computing, the Internet, and biotechnology.

Ethanol is the first step on the biohol trajectory for three reasons. The first is economic: Ethanol can be produced and sold cheaper than gasoline. Most ethanol facilities can produce their fuel for about $1 a gallon – almost half the production cost of gasoline. And innovative producers like E3 Biofuels claim to make it for 75 cents a gallon. It’s true that American ethanol today benefits from agricultural subsidies for corn farmers. I would like to eliminate ethanol subsidies gradually in conjunction with the removal of tariffs on imported ethanol. For kicks, we might consider removing the substantial direct subsidies to oil, too. Free markets demand level playing fields.

Meanwhile, ethanol at the pump can be relatively cheap. Recently, in Aberdeen, South Dakota, E85 – a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline – was selling at gas stations for just $1.95 a gallon. Wal-Mart is now considering selling it. Imagine if every Wal-Mart offered $1.99-a-gallon fuel! The switch to cars and trucks that can run on E85 would be relatively economical, too. There are already 6 million such flex-fuel vehicles on the road in the US. It costs a paltry $35 to make a new car capable of handling both ethanol and gasoline.

The second reason is scientific: New breakthroughs make it eminently feasible to scale up ethanol to national and even global proportions. Today, corn yields about 400 gallons of ethanol per acre of cropland. While corn yields will increase over time thanks to genetic modification (a new variety from Monsanto may yield 750 gallons per acre), corn can get us only so far. The real promise for ethanol lies in cellulose, which can be derived from plants like switchgrass and miscanthus, a tropical grass native to southeast Asia. Cellulosic ethanol technology promises to deliver as much as 2,700 gallons per acre by 2030. This is the key to achieving scale, substantially lower costs, and manageable land-use scenarios. Biotechnology, plant breeding, chemical process technologies, synthetic biology, energy crop engineering, systems biology, computational modeling, and new fuel chemistries will all offer tools, approaches, and possibilities for improvement. Failure to use them will be a failure of imagination.

The third reason is pragmatic: Ethanol is already here – and in use! We know how to produce it, we know how to distribute it, and we already have cars that can use it. So why reinvent the wheel? Today in the US, there are 925 stations that dispense E85. Expanding that number to just 20,000 would be sufficient to make E85 broadly available – an investment I estimate at much less than a billion dollars. Just the subsidy decrease I have proposed would more than pay for this infrastructure. The sooner E85 corn ethanol primes the alternative-energy pump, the sooner we can progress to the next steps on the biohol trajectory. Several entrepreneurs are already working on cheaper, more energy-efficient biofuels that will ultimately replace corn ethanol. Mascoma, one of my investments, is developing new cellulosic ethanol technology. Richard Branson’s Virgin Group is engineering an ethanol-like fuel robust enough for jet engines. Greenfuel Technologies is harnessing algae farming for ethanol and biodiesel production. Human genome pioneer J. Craig Venter is busy developing a synthetic chromosome that may be able to produce ethanol. Another Khosla Ventures company called LS9 is applying synthetic biology to produce a new biofuel.

All of these fuels will be derived from biomass, share similar manufacturing and distribution processes, and power improved internal combustion engines, so all of them will benefit from the trailblazing, market acceptance, and established infrastructure of corn ethanol.

There is a problem, however. There are folks who don’t want us to have cheaper alternatives, at least not quickly. With the oil companies and their nearly unlimited financial and political resources fighting the development of new fuels, and in the absence of any sort of national Manhattan Project for energy, a new Silicon Valley of energy development has yet to get off the ground.

The oil interests fought the increased mileage requirements for new cars and trucks. They lobbied Congress for tax breaks and environmental waivers. Oil companies have received direct subsidies that add up to more than $120 billion, according to the General Accounting Office, and substantially more in indirect subsidies. When the EPA decided that the lead in gasoline was a serious health hazard and pushed for its removal, the oil companies spent millions fighting the change.

Today they are fighting for waiver from MBTE pollution liability and avoiding responsibility for carcinogenic benzene in our air. When municipalities in California decided to purchase cleaner natural gas buses, the diesel industry sued to block the switch. At every turn in the history of our oil dependence, the oil companies have spent their considerable fortune to make sure that we as a nation remained dependent on oil. They did this in large part by lobbying Congress, by providing congressmembers with large amounts of campaign cash, and by trying to suppress cleaner, cheaper alternatives to oil. I hope they realize soon that alternative energy is a major business opportunity for them.

In November 2005, at the invitation of a number of environmentalists, economists, and the National Resources Defense Council, I agreed to support California ballot measure 87, which will be put to voters in the November 7 statewide election. The measure proposes to charge oil companies a fee on oil they extract from California state lands. (Oil companies pay such a fee in every other major petroleum-producing state. They are fighting hard not to pay their fair share in California.) The proceeds – estimated at $4 billion by 2017 – will principally go toward reduction of petroleum use and to promote research in alternative energy technologies at universities.

Critics of Prop 87 like to point out that Khosla Ventures stands to benefit financially if the measure passes. I have committed to donate all of my profits from any company that receives money from this initiative just so we can focus the campaign on the real issues.

More than a million Californians signed the petitions to put Proposition 87 – the Clean Energy Initiative – on the California ballot. If enacted, it’s estimated that the measure will reduce the state’s dependence on oil by 25 percent over the next 10 years. But the money put into alternative energy research will benefit not only California but the whole nation. Besides providing a role model, California’s reduced oil demand will decrease gas prices nationwide. The technologies and companies that emerge will change the US and the world, making clean technology economical everywhere. Prop 87 will not raise gas prices as the oil companies would have you believe. Market forces ensure that world oil prices, not production costs in California, determine gas prices. Besides, the California attorney general has confirmed that Prop 87 makes it illegal for oil companies to raise gas prices or pass the fee on to consumers. The US Supreme Court has already ruled that states can prohibit oil companies from passing drilling fees on to consumers. But oil company dollars in a massive advertising campaign will try to scare consumers into believing otherwise.

The oil companies are hiding behind the moniker Californians Against Higher Taxes, a group funded almost completely by oil companies and that has so far taken in more than $30 million to campaign against the measure. It’s going to fight Prop 87 tooth and nail. Prop 87 is clearly the David in the fight against Goliath. We have no illusions about what we’re up against. We have 138,000 troops in Iraq, gas is $2.85 a gallon, and 90 percent of Californians live in places that don’t meet federal air quality requirements. And global oil production can’t keep up with rising demand from countries like India and China.

By forcing the oil companies to finally pay their fair share, Proposition 87 will help launch the next Silicon Valley phenomenon, the Googles and Yahoos of clean technology. These new energy companies will go on to create jobs, wealth, and economic growth everywhere. And they will help change the planet’s destiny.

IN THE CORNER of an unmarked warehouse tucked away in an industrial neighborhood north of Denver, a new company called Kergy has what is, to my knowledge, the first anaerobic thermal conversion machine (which explains why Khosla Ventures is a seed investor). It’s a 6- by 4-foot contraption that stands about 8 feet high. It looks vaguely like a souped-up potbellied stove. But it runs cleanly enough to operate indoors.

Kergy’s machine is special because it makes cellulosic ethanol through anaerobic thermal conversion rather than through fermentation or acid hydrolysis. It does not need organisms or enzymes to do its work. Biomass is heated in an oxygen-free environment to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Once that happens, “the world is your oyster,” says Bud Klepper, the engineer who invented this device. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen are then reconstituted into various alcohols – like ethanol. Better still, fermentation and acid hydrol­ysis can take days to occur, but thermal conversion breaks down organic matter and converts it to ethanol in minutes.

And here’s the really exciting part: Because all organic matter contains carbon, Klepper can make ethanol out of cellulose or any form of organic matter. This means the usual suspects such as corn, switchgrass, sugarcane, and miscanthus but also any waste product such as wood chips, paper pulp, cow manure, and even human waste. Municipal sewage has been tested already, as has hog manure. “We could double the ethanol output of the Mead facility,” Klepper says. It’s a big leap forward on the biohol trajectory, and it is right in front of us.

And cost is a big advantage. “Our ethanol from biomass should be competitive in costs with corn ethanol,” says Kergy CEO Mitch Mandich, who gave up several CEO opportunities

at large public companies to run Kergy. The technology is exciting enough that Arie Geertsema – director of the University of Kentucky’s Center for Applied Energy Research and formerly managing director of the corporate R&D Division of Sasol, the most experienced gasification com­pany in the world – was excited enough by the tech­nology to give up his position and join Kergy.

Mandich and his team are right to be enthusiastic. Ethanol – and soon cellulosic ethanol and its successors – offers not only a cleaner, cheaper alternative to gasoline but one that’s made in America. The environment can no longer sustain fossil-fuel emissions, and the US economy and foreign policy would be far better off without our dependence on foreign oil.

We don’t need far-off technologies like hydrogen fuel cells to achieve a future that is more environmentally and economically secure. And we don’t have to pay more for cleaner transportation energy. We have the fuel in ethanol, and we have the technology to produce it, the distribution systems to move it, the pumps to dispense it, and the cars to run on it – all in place and ready to go today. The doorway to a future with fewer economic and environmental risks is before us. All we need do is step through it.

Six Ethanol Myths

The most promising alternative fuel has been dogged by misinformation. Here's a look at the reality behind the ethanol myths.

By Vinod KhoslaPage 1 of 1

2) Ethanol is expensive to produce.
Reality: Ethanol costs about $1 a gallon to produce at typical facilities, which explains why E85 was selling for $1.95 at pumps in South Dakota this summer. In 2004, it was selling for $1.40 a gallon wholesale. Prices spiked higher recently because oil companies mismanaged the switch to ethanol as a replacement for the environmentally disastrous additive MBTE. Once demand and supply reach equilibrium, it can profitably sell for $1.40 a gallon without subsidies.

3) There's not enough land to grow crops for ethanol.
Reality: Former secretary of state George Schultz and ex-CIA director R. James Woolsey estimate that 30 million acres can replace half our gasoline. I estimate that 40 million to 60 million acres can replace our gasoline needs. By taking land now used to grow export crops and instead planting energy crops, it's feasible to eliminate our need to import oil for gasoline.

4) Switching to ethanol is expensive.
Reality: It didn't cost much in Brazil. Automakers already produce 10 flex-fuel models. There are almost as many flex-fuel vehicles in California as there are diesel cars and light trucks. A new car can be made flex-fuel-capable for about $35. And the cost to adapt a retail gas pump for E85 is a bargain – as little as $10,000.

5) Ethanol is unfairly subsidized.
Reality: Yes, ethanol producers and blenders share in a 51-cent-a-gallon federal credit that costs taxpayers about $2 billion a year. The majority of that accrues to oil companies, not farmers. But not mentioned by critics is the 54-cent-a-gallon tariff on imported ethanol, which hampers global competition. Meanwhile, the US also directly subsidizes Big Oil. The General Accounting Office reports that the industry has netted $82 billion from just one line item alone, something called "excess of percentage over cost depletion," and there are many other such clauses.

6) Cars that run on ethanol get lower mileage.
Reality: Ethanol gets 25 percent lower mileage compared to gasoline. But that difference is likely to shrink dramatically as engines are optimized. The Saab 9-5 gets only 18 percent less mileage and can be further optimized easily. Significantly, the cost per mile driven should be lower using E85.

http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.10/myths.html

Now it seems the NIMBY's are are on their last legs by blaming smell on their reason to scape goat ethanol. Already environmentalists and experts have confirmed that the smell from the ethanol plant is non toxic to humans and our eco environment. Further more, it was found that the "offending" odor was not caused by corn ethanol but only a select amount of chemicals used to process it. Because of this, the smell could only be detected on certain days, if it ever was offending in the first place and can easily be solved by substituting the chemicals that create the odor. But, even such actions do take place and in fact reduces or out right eliminate the ethanol smell, it will still not make the NIMBY's happy! Why? Because smell is subjective, it is a matter of opinion. What one might find "offensive" another can find the same smell "sweet." In fact you can go from the Mega Metropolis of Toronto to the country sides of a town ship and you will find an equal number of people that will find their area "odor offensive" or "odor sweet." Then you can ask these same people the questions on a different day and guess what? Their answer will change, just like people in Collingwood scape goat the ethanol plant for their own "opinion" to what might be "offensive" and what is not, disregarding the pro environmental and economic impact that ethanol has on the region.

Ethanol plants of the past use corn or wheat to make this biofuel.  Now a groundbreaking project has been approved!  Los Angeles County has given the green light for a first of its kind Ethanol plant to be built in the desert town of Lancaster.  What makes this plant so unique is that ethanol will be produced by processing biowaste.  The use of food staples such as corn and wheat have caused the price on these commodities to skyrocket!

This 30 million dollar plant will be situated conveniently next to the regions landfill, making it very accessible to the waste needed to make ethanol.  The Biowatse to be used will come in the form of yard waste.  Grass clippings, wood chips, and more can be easily turned into a biofuel source.  Also things such as cardboard, paper and other green wastes can be used as well.  This will not only produce ethanol that is used as an additive in gas (as much as 10% of gas is made of Ethanol), it will also cut down on the amount of trash that goes into a landfill. 

Could you imagine a country where every landfill not only has a recycling center but an Ethanol plant right next door? 

http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/local&id=6283690

http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/local&id=6283690

Drivers Education

Irvine, Calif.-based BlueFire was granted a conditional-use permit by the county of Los Angeles to build a plant on 10 acres next to the Lancaster landfill, where the company says 170 tons of potential feedstock in the form of biowaste gets dumped every day. The plant, estimated to cost $30 million, will have an output of 3.2 million gallons of non-food-based ethanol using the company's "patented and proven" concentrated acid hydrolysis technology process, BlueFire says.

And that's just the start of BlueFire's plans. BlueFire CEO Arnold Klann told us in an interview earlier this year that over the next 5 years the company wants to build 20 plants near landfills, which could generate 3 billion gallons of ethanol per year by 2017.

As the food-vs.-fuel debate continues to grow, waste-to-fuel is attracting dollars from increasingly large corporations and column inches from mainstream media. The New York Times reports today that companies like DuPont and Genencor, General Motors, Honeywell and BP are investing in waste-to-fuel projects that are planned to come online in the next year or two. DuPont and Genencor estimate the non-food global fuel market will eventually be worth $75 billion.

Fulcrum BioEnergy plans to begin construction on a waste to ethanol plant later this year. Boston-based waste-to-biofuel startup Ze-Gen is being backed by the investors at Flagship Ventures and VantagePoint Venture Partners. Cellulosic ethanol maker Coskata says its can use waste as the feedstock for its biofuel creation process and is being backed by the VCs at Globespan Capital Partners, Khosla Ventures, GreatPoint Ventures and Advanced Technology Ventures (not to mention GM).

GeneSyst, an 18-year old private company based in Hudson, Ohio, is also looking to build waste processing and biofuel facilities near landfills. The company processes waste in water tanks, letting gravity do the trick of pulling out bits than can be recycled, as well as the cellulosic waste materials, which it can turn into ethanol. The company is building its first landfill to fuel plant in the Netherlands, and has plans for its first plant in the U.S. likely to be located in Lake County, Indiana (a suburb of Chicago.)

BlueFire received $15.5 million from Quercus Trust earlier this year, and was selected by the DOE to potentially receive $40 million in funding for an even bigger waste-to-ethanol plant that the company tells us is still on track for 2010 operation (unlike some DOE-funded ethanol projects).

Bioenergy, produced through Biomass is amongst the world's most important renewable energy sources, generating heat and electricity for various applications at different scales.

The Net Primary Production, i.e. the radiation energy emanating from the sun that is biologically absorbed in biomass amounts to approximately 50 billion t of crude oil equivalent units every year. Compare this with mankind’s current primary energy requirements of approximately 9.7 billion t of crude oil equivalent units every year. Of course, only part of the biomass that grows can actually be supplied for energy use, both for ecological, technical and economic reasons. Yet there remains a huge amount of biomass that is very suitable for exploitation.

Biofuels
Biofuels can be originated from dead biological materials. Biofuels are found in the form of solid, liquid or gas. These are derived from photosynthetic plant. Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass i.e. recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts. Thus it could be oils from plants, manure from cows, wood from trees and so on. It is a renewable energy source unlike other natural resources such as petroleum, coal and nuclear fuels.The most important fact about Biofuels is that Biofuels increases energy security by reducing dependence on petroleum. These offer the possibility of producing energy without a net increase of carbon into the atmosphere because the plants used in to produce the fuel have removed CO2 from the atmosphere, unlike fossil fuels which return carbon which was stored beneath the surface for millions of years into the air. Thus these are more nearly carbon neutral and less likely increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Agricultural products specifically grown for use as biofuels include corn and soybeans, primarily in the United States, and flaxseed and rapeseed, primarily in Europe. Waste from industry, agriculture, forestry, and households can also be used to produce bioenergy; i.e. manure, straw, sewage, lumber, garbage and food leftovers. There are many ways of producing biofuels, but two ways are most commonly approached. These are :

1. To grow crops high in either sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum) or starch (corn/maize), and then use yeast fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol i.e. "ethanol".

2. To grow plants containing high amounts of vegetable oil, such as oil palm, soybean, algae, or jatropha. When these oils are heated, their viscosity is reduced, and they can be burned directly in a diesel engine, or the oils can be chemically processed to produce fuels such as biodiesel.

Wood and its byproducts can also be converted into biofuels such as woodgas, methanol or ethanol fuel. Cellulosic ethanol from can be made from non-edible plant parts, but it is rather a difficult, as well as expendible process. The production of biofuels to replace petroleum-based oil and natural gas is in active development. The carbon in biofuels was recently extracted from atmospheric carbon dioxide by growing plants, so burning it does not result in a net increase of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. As a result, biofuels are seen by many as a way to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by using them to replace non-renewable sources of energy.

Kinds Of Biofuels
Many kinds of Biofuels can be produced through Biomass as Biomass is the most important biological energy resource. Some of these are :

Biohydrogen
Hydrogen gas is an interesting alternative fuel because it completely eliminates carbon as an energy carrier.Therefore it obviously cannot contribute to the green house effect. Although hydrogen is currently being produced by either thermally decomposing natural gas or by electrolysis of water there is also a potential for biological hydrogen production. Some microorganisms produce hydrogen naturally, and biotechnologies based on these microbial systems could lead to the development of clean, renewable sources of hydrogen. Biohydrogen is hydrogen produced via biological processes or from
biomass The enzyme which is responsible for the production of hydrogen, hydrogenase, however is extremely sensitive to oxygen so that hydrogen is only produced in anaerobic habitats. Biohydrogen plants are proposed industrial plants for the production of hydrogen, such as "Algae". Algae grows prolifically in adverse conditions, and can store large amounts of oils or starches useful for making biodiesel or ethanol. But some strains also use an enzyme called hydrogenase to produce small amounts of hydrogen gas. Scientists think this is the organism’s way of getting rid of excess energy under high-light conditions.They would typically involve processes such as thermophillic fermentation, photofermentation and gas cleaning. Hydrogen can be produced by bacterial species such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Enterobacter cloacae. Biohydrogen can be produced through dark fermentation either by mix culture of hydrogen producing sludge or pure culture of anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum.

Bioethanol and biodiesel are interesting because they can be directly used in an existing technology, the internal combustion engine, hydrogen has the potential to be used in a far more efficient way in the hydrogen fuel cell. In a conventional engine all the energy is released in an explosive way by burning. In a fuel cell however the oxidation is accomplished in steps at an electrode in a process which closely resembles the functioning of an everyday battery. In this process the energy is not explosively released as heat but produces an electric current with high efficiency which can be used to run an electric engine. However because hydrogen is one of the smallest molecules known a number of engineering problems arise with storing and transporting it. Because it is a gas it takes up a greater volume than an equivalent bioethanol or biodiesel. Although it can be adsorbed by certain metals, these metals themselves like platinum are toxic and prohibitively expensive for large scale use. It represents a bigger danger for explosions and because of its small size it can get lodged in crystal defects in the metal pipes through which it is conducted making them brittle.

Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a natural and renewable domestic fuel alternative for diesel engines made from vegetable oils, mostly soy and corn. It contains no petroleum, is nontoxic and biodegradable. It is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics.

Fuel-grade biodiesel must be produced to strict industry specifications (ASTM D6751) in order to insure proper performance. Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have fully completed the health effects testing requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Biodiesel that meets ASTM D6751 and is legally registered with the Environmental Protection Agency is a legal motor fuel for sale and distribution. Raw vegetable oil cannot meet biodiesel fuel specifications, it is not registered with the EPA, and it is not a legal motor fuel. Biodiesel is better for the environment because it is made from renewable resources and has lower emissions compared to petroleum diesel. It is less toxic than table salt and biodegrades as fast as sugar. Since it is made in the USA from renewable resources such as soybeans, its use decreases our dependence on foreign oil and contributes to our own economy. The largest possible source of suitable oil comes from oil crops such as rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed represents the greatest potential for biodiesel production. Most biodiesel produced at present is produced from waste vegetable oil sourced from restaurants, chip shops, industrial food producers such as Birdseye etc. Though oil straight from the agricultural industry represents the greatest potential source it is not being produced commercially simply because the raw oil is too expensive. After the cost of converting it to biodiesel has been added on it is simply too expensive to compete with fossil diesel. Waste vegetable oil can often be sourced for free or sourced already treated for a small price.

Almost all biodiesel is produced using base catalyzed transesterification as it is the most economical process requiring only low temperatures and pressures and producing a 98% conversion yield. For this reason only this process will be described in this report. The Transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. A triglyceride has a glycerine molecule as its base with three long chain fatty acids attached. The characteristics of the fat are determined by the nature of the fatty acids attached to the glycerine. The nature of the fatty acids can in turn affect the characteristics of the biodiesel. During the esterification process, the triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, usually a strong alkaline like sodium hydroxide. The alcohol reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-alkyl ester, or biodiesel and crude glycerol. In most production methanol or ethanol is the alcohol used (methanol produces methyl esters, ethanol produces ethyl esters) and is base catalysed by either potassium or sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide has been found to be more suitable for the ethyl ester biodiesel production, either base can be used for the methyl ester. A common product of the transesterification process is Rape Methyl Ester (RME) produced from raw rapeseed oil reacted with methanol.

Ethanol
Ethanol is a liquid alcohol made of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon and is obtained from the fermentation of sugar or converted starch contained in grains and other agricultural or agri-forest feedstocks. Ethanol fuel is an alternative fuel to gasoline. Typically, ethanol fuel is made either from a grain such as corn or maize or from sugarcane. Corn is primarily used to make ethanol fuel, while in other generally warmer locations, sugarcane is the preferred source of biomaterial for making ethanol fuel. It is also possible to distill ethanol fuel from petroleum oil, though mention of ethanol fuel usually refers to bio-ethanol. Fuel ethanol, which is sometimes referred to as "gasohol", has been distilled and dehydrated to create a high-octane, water-free alcohol. All water must be removed because a water-alcohol mixture cannot dissolve in gasoline. Fuel ethanol is made unfit for drinking by adding a small amount of a noxious substance such as gasoline.

Ethanol fuel can be used unmixed in an modified gasoline engine, but it is much more common to find an 85% gasoline and 15% ethanol fuel mixture. This mixture can be used directly in any gasoline engine. This mixture burns cleaner in the engine, causing less pollution. If the ethanol is made from renewable bio-sources, then it also reduces the use of fossil fuels. Ethanol fuel does have a few disadvantages; it has a lower energy density than gasoline, so a tank of ethanol fuel will not go as far as a tank of gasoline, and ethanol fuel can be more difficult to start in very cold temperatures. Some vehicles are specially manufactured to operate on an ethanol blend that contains up to 85 percent ethanol and at least 15 percent gasoline. (The 15 percent gasoline is needed to assist in engine starting because pure ethanol is difficult to ignite in cold weather.) This E-85 blend cannot be used in standard gasoline vehicles, however vehicles designed to run with a high ethanol blend can also operate using gasoline when necessary.

Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH (often abbreviated MeOH). It is poisonous, flammable and relatively volatile. It has no taste or color, but it does have a slight scent. Methanol is used as a fuel and an antifreeze, and to make formaldehyde. It is also added to ethanol to make it unpalatable so that it avoids taxes on drinkable alcohol, as ethanol without a denaturant of some sort is consumable by humans. Methanol was first discovered in 1661, though it had been used without isolation by peoples as far back as the Egyptians in their embalming processes. The name comes from methy, meaning wine, and hyle, meaning trees.

Methanol has been used for decades in a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications, and has been used as a racing fuel in Indy cars, dragsters and other high power applications. Only recently has methanol been investigated for use in ordinary cars and light trucks, and as a replacement for diesel fuel in heavy-duty trucks and buses. When used in a properly prepared engine, methanol could combust more completely than gasoline. This would result in lower levels of the exhaust emissions that contribute to urban pollution and global warming. Methanol contains no aromatic compounds and therefore produces no benzene emissions. Full analysis of all of the energy and materials required to produce and distribute methanol must be done, however, before the true environmental impact of large scale methanol use can be determined.

Pure methanol is not sold as a stand-alone motor fuel, although in its pure form it is commonly used as racing fuel. As a motor fuel for general transportation it is mixed with gasoline to produce M85 (85% methanol and 15% gasoline). It is also the primary alcohol used to mix biodiesel.

A worker cuts sugarcane at harvest. Source: Getty Images

When I moved to the U.S. in 1989, I realized that American drivers didn't have the same choice as we did in Brazil, but gasoline here was so cheap and abundant that there was no need for an alternative.

Well, you don't need me to tell you that times have changed. While politicians try to spread the blame and try to feed us ideas that will get them elected or re-elected, gas prices continue to go up.

Most Republicans in Congress want to drill in Alaska's ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge) as a solution. It sounds sexy enough to say let's drill on our own turf and flip the middle one toward the Middle East, but the reality is that it would take years for any of us to see a drop of that oil in our tanks and there isn't enough there to suppress our addiction to it.

Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi says the immediate solution is to open up our oil reserves, which we've already paid for as taxpayers, and make it available right now instead of drilling in ANWR. That sounds like a great idea, in theory. But if oil is our heroin, Pelosi is basically saying let's make more of it available to all addicts so that their withdrawal is mitigated. How about when the reserve is gone? What are we going to do then?

I'm not suggesting we follow in the footsteps of Brazil and mass produce our own ethanol. We're trying it with corn, which is driving the prices of food and basically everything way, way up. What works in Brazil may not work elsewhere. Besides, Brazil has its share of problems with ethanol -- the Amazon rainforest continues to be cut down to grow more sugarcane. This year, 24 ethanol producers were fined in the millions for planting sugarcane illegally and operating without licenses, among other things.

We must look toward other solutions, be it hydrogen, electricity, solar power or even water. Whatever the answer, our children and grandchildren will either suffer or benefit from the decisions we make today.

What do you think is the answer to our oil addiction? Do Republicans and Democrats have a solution or are they sidestepping the real issues? And how are you coping with the high gas prices?

Paulo Nogueira -- Producer, CNN Science & Technology

Green Trash

Saya berharap, semoga tips ini dapat membantu dan bermanfaat bagi kita semua dalam menyikapi kenaikan BBM saat ini.

Berikut tips yang saya terima:

TIPS CARA MENGISI BENSIN/BAHAN BAKAR KENDARAAN ANDA

Seorang teman mengirimkan catatan seperti tertulis di bawah ini:

Saya tidak tahu berapa sebenarnya anda membayar saat mengisi bensin………tetapi di sini, di

Durban, harga bahan bakar juga mahal. Saya telah bekerja di bidang bahan bakar/bensin

selama 31 tahun, sehingga saya bisa memberikan beberapa cara agar uang anda menjadi lebih

berharga untuk setiap liter bahan bakar yang anda beli.

Di Marian Hill Pipeline tempat saya bekerja di Durban, dalam waktu 24 jam kami

memompakan/menyalurkan kurang lebih 4 juta liter.

Satu hari solar, hari berikutnya bahan bakar pesawat jet dan bensin, LRP dan Unleaded.

Kami di sini mempunyai tanki penyimpanan sebanyak 34 dengan kapasitas seluruhnya

16.800.000 liter.

1. BELILAH BAHAN BAKAR ATAU ISILAH MOBIL ATAU MOTOR ANDA DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR PADA WAKTU HARI MASIH PAGI KETIKA TEMPERATUR TANAH MASIH DINGIN.

Ingat bahwa semua SPBU mempunyai tanki penyimpanan di bawah tanah.

Semakin dingin tanahnya maka semakin padat/kental bahan bakarnya. Jika temperatur mulai

panas/hangat, maka bahan bakarnya akan mengembang. Jadi jika membeli bahan bakar pada

siang hari atau petang hari……..sebenarnya bahan bakar yang diisikan ke dalam tanki

kendaraan anda jelas lebih sedikit dibanding jumlah liter yang anda beli.

Dalam business perminyakan, gravity yang spesifik dan temperatur bensin, diesel dan bahan

bakar pesawat jet, ethanol dan produk minyak lainnya punya peranan penting. Kenaikan 1

derajat merupakan hal yang sangat berpengaruh dalam business ini. Tetapi SPBU tidak

memberikan ganti rugi/kompensasi karena temperatur.

2. SALAH SATU YANG PALING PENTING ADALAH ISI BAHAN BAKAR SAAT TANKI KENDARAAN ANDA MASIH SETENGAH PENUH.

Alasannya adalah semakin banyak bahan bakar yang ada di tanki kendaraan, maka semakin

sedikit udara yang ada di bagian tanki yang kosong. Bensin menguap lebih cepat dari pada

yang bisa kita bayangkan. Tanki penyimpanan bensin mempunyai apa yang kita sebut atap

yang mengapung yang berfungsi sebagai
clearance zero antara bensin dan atmosfer sehingga

penguapannya bisa dikurangi. Tidak seperti SPBU, tempat saya bekerja di sini setiap truck

yang kami muati ada ganti rugi/kompensasi karena temperatur, sehingga setiap liter yang

dibeli jumlahnya benar-benar sesuai/tepat.

3. YANG PERLU DIINGAT LAGI, JANGAN ISI BENSIN JIKA ADA TRUK BAHAN BAKAR SEDANG MENGISI TANKI PENYIMPANAN

Hampir pasti bensin/solar akan teraduk saat bahan bakar dipompakan dari truck ke tanki

penyimpanan, dan kemungkinannya akan ada kotoran di dasar tanki penyimpanan yang teraduk

naik dan terikut masuk ke tanki kendaraan anda.

Saya berharap hal ini akan menolong anda untuk mendapatkan nilai yang maksimal dari rupiah

yang anda gunakan untuk membeli bensin.

BAGIKAN TIPS INI KEPADA YANG LAIN! MARI KITA SALING BERBAGI INFORMASI

UNTUK KEPENTINGAN BERSAMA, UNTUK KEBAIKAN MANUSIA.