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	<title>berlioz &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/berlioz/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "berlioz"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 07 Sep 2008 13:49:35 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Nightmare Orchestrations]]></title>
<link>http://adifferentvoice.wordpress.com/?p=914</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 15 Aug 2008 22:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>adifferentvoice</dc:creator>
<guid>http://adifferentvoice.wordpress.com/?p=914</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
I prefer chamber music to large orchestral works just as I prefer intimate gatherings to large crow]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://adifferentvoice.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/symphony-orchestra1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-922  aligncenter" src="http://adifferentvoice.wordpress.com/files/2008/08/symphony-orchestra1.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="349" /></a></p>
<p>I prefer chamber music to large orchestral works just as I prefer intimate gatherings to large crowds .  I already knew that, but the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra was performing on my doorstep, with their starry much-feted young Venezualan conductor, Gustavo Dudamel, and we had tickets, so I went along.</p>
<p>A large symphony orchestra is quite a sight.  I couldn't help whispering aloud "Wow!" as I sidled to my seat, my eyes fixed on the cornucopia of instruments laid out for us.  One by one musicians filled every inch of the large stage, with a dozen violin spilling over into the space in front of the cellos at the right hand side of the stage.  I counted thirty three violins, trying not to count any of the violas by mistake, and eight double basses.  This was an orchestra at its biggest.  Two huge church bells several feet high stood waiting at the far left of the stage. </p>
<p>Once all the musicians were on stage, expectation quietened the audience.  Not a seat to spare in the auditorium.  Only two spots were empty - there was as yet no leader of the first violins, and the conductor's podium was an empty space.  We waited, and waited and waited and waited.  And waited, and nothing happened.  People began to shift in their seats.  We wondered if we might venture a word or two to our neighbours.  Then the first violin arrived.  More waiting.  This was ridiculous. </p>
<p>Eventually the prima donna parted the second violins which closed together behind him, and he took up the baton.  Dudamel.  Short.  A mop of untidy dark curls.  No apology, no explanation.  No music. I wondered what kind of twenty-seven year old could command an orchestra.  I wondered what experience he could add to the performance of those many practised musicians.  He took over the orchestra at short notice last year, and is now its principal conductor.  Next year he becomes the new music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.  He is supposed to be one of the hottest little things around according to the New York Times.</p>
<p>I was not gripped.  I was still feeling manipulated by the time he had made us wait.  The first piece passed without anything memorable happening.</p>
<p>The second piece, Peacock Tales, is a new composition by the Swedish composer Aho.  It was composed especially for Martin Frost, a clarinettist in his early twenties who has a formidable reputation.  The piece begins with a beautifully clear simple notes that rise and fall and rise.  The tone of the clarinet is exceptional.  Haunting, and lingers in the memory long after the sound has disappeared, like a fragrance.</p>
<p>Part way through the piece, when we were distracted by the main orchestra, we suddenly notice that the clarinettist has donned a Venetian mask and is moving around the stage Michael Jackson fashion.  Quite why he does this I never understand, but I notice that his odd behaviour has substantially changed the nature of what we are watching.  It is no longer music, but theatre.  And the thing is, the theatre is not very good.  At best it is Central Park on a Saturday, Covent Garden in the evening.  But it is not worthy of our attention.  Or rather, I am visually driven and am easily distracted by visual cues.  I compared notes afterwards with a good friend who knows a hundred times more than me about music and performers, but receives all her information first through her ears and only secondly through her eyes.  She found that the theatricals enhanced the music: I found that they took something away from the music.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/5d21HMq3ir0'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/5d21HMq3ir0&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Short version</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/17DKJziXppQ'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/17DKJziXppQ&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>With interview with Martin Forst</p>
<p>You can judge for yourself.  Or you can read <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/aug/15/proms.classicalmusicandopera">this review</a> of a performance a day earlier in Edinburgh. You might like to contrast the less than fulsome review with <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2008/aug/08/classicalmusicandopera.venezuela">this considerably more positive profile</a> of the conductor which appeared in the Guardian prior to the event and which bigs him up more than he may deserve. Dudamel conducted a native Venezualan orchestra at the Edinburgh Festival last year, an event described by Richard Holloway (a favourite theologian of mine who now fronts the Arts Council in Scotland) in hyperbolic terms thus:</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span style="color:#008080;">"It became a sort of watercooler event. People were asking afterwards, 'Were you there?' There was probably more kindness in Scotland for about three days afterwards. It enthralled, softened, delighted, chuffed people."</span></p>
<p>I wish I had been there, because last night's first half left me needing caffeine not water.</p>
<p>I waited a long time for Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique, to hear those massive church bells struck. Each was played a couple of dozen times. That was it. I hoped that the percussionists did not get paid as much as the violinists. I'll have to find out if they do.</p>
<p>This is the Fifth movement, the movement which contains the church bells:</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/IrezpUWIY98'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/IrezpUWIY98&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>And this is <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/discoveringmusic/pip/kv4qd/">a link</a> to a very interesting programme about Berlioz and the Symphonie Fantastique. Through the language of the symphony Berlioz tells the story of the passage of a love struck young man's obsession with a girl - an autobiographical groan that grew out of Berlioz's love-at-a-distance for an Irish actress, Harriet Smithson. He wrote this to a friend after his encounter of her stage presence:</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span style="color:#008080;">"...[L]et me tell you, you don't know what love is, whatever you may say about feeling it deeply [for your friend]. For you, it's not that rage, that fury, that delirium which takes possession of all one's faculties, which renders one capable of anything. You would not be the man to lose yourself in pleasure over the person you love. In that you are lucky, and I would never want you to experience the unbearable suffering to which I have fallen prey since your departure." </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Convinced that his love is unrequited, the young man drugs himself to dull the pain and so the Fifth Movement is full of the comfortable horrors of opium.  Berlioz wrote this programme note to accompany this final movement which uses the godly bells to strike at the apogée of the nightmare:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span style="color:#008080;">"He sees himself at a witches’ sabbath, in the midst of a hideous gathering of shades, sorcerers and monsters of every kind who have come together for his funeral. Strange sounds, groans, outbursts of laughter; distant shouts which seem to be answered by more shouts. The beloved melody appears once more, but has now lost its noble and shy character; it is now no more than a vulgar dance tune, trivial and grotesque: it is she who is coming to the sabbath… Roar of delight at her arrival… She joins the diabolical orgy… The funeral knell tolls, burlesque parody of the Dies irae, the dance of the witches. The dance of the witches combined with the Dies irae."</span></p>
<p>Our neighbour here is a herbalist.  I had to push past a giant stand of valerian to get to their door, and his explanation of the sleepy properties of this drug prompted me to remember the three-part account I had recently read of <a href="http://fourthnight.typepad.com/fourth_night/2008/08/august-4-2008--open-sandman-salvia-divinorum-lord-of-dreams-part-iii.html">experiments</a> by a young Cypriot American, Constantine Markides, with <em>salvia divinorum</em>, an account which Berlioz's infatuation brought to mind. </p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span style="color:#008080;">"For the first time I felt that I had come up against a tangible spirit.  Not a benevolent spirit, not some interlaced-fingers-on-belly chuckling Buddha, but a cackling psychopath, a destroying angel [...]  All I now recall of this demon are circular saws, razors, teeth, blades—all of them spinning and whizzing with a geometric fury, nearing within millimeters of my body, threatening to slice me if I moved the slightest.  At the same time, a weight was crushing me down.  I could not budge.  Even if I could, these saws would grind me up into mincemeat.  A violent end awaited me if I even took a breath.  I did at one point sneak a gulp and I remember exulting in the fact that I had managed to trick this demon, to swallow without getting carved up."</span></p>
<p>Drugless unrequited obsessive love is pain at its most exquisite.  Opium did nothing, apparently, to take the edge off its power to wound.  Our neighbouring herbalist had tried salvia divinorum too, when he was a young man of less than thirty, and when he wanted to be a writer.  He wondered how he would experience the drug now that he is just forty.  He might have well have asked whether the emotions of a twenty year old were those of an older man, whether the high and lows of passion are dimmed by age.</p>
<p>Berlioz fell in love with Harriet Smithson after seeing her as Shakespeare's Orphelia in Paris in 1827. He sent her numerous love letters, but none were answered. When she left Paris they had still not met. His musical love letter premiered in Paris in 1830, but Harriet did not hear it until 1832.  She realised that she was the object of the symphony and the composer and actress finally met and were married in 1833.   They were divorced nine years later though the marriage was apparently happy to begin with.</p>
<p>I can imagine a performance of the Symphonie that brings those terrible emotions of obsessive love alive, but this was not it.  At least not for me.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Un Cuento para el Verano (ii) y otras lecturas recomendadas]]></title>
<link>http://diselabia.wordpress.com/?p=161</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 21:52:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>diselabia</dc:creator>
<guid>http://diselabia.wordpress.com/?p=161</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Con estos escritos de verano no pretendo emular a Héctor Berlioz con sus Noches de Estío -música ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Con estos escritos de verano no pretendo emular a Héctor Berlioz con sus Noches de Estío -música muy recomendable para estas fechas- o a  Dostoievsky con sus Noches Blancas, y no por que no fuera mi deso pero me temo que la diferencia entre talentos es abismal.</p>
<p>Pero qué quieren que les diga, no deja de ser el verano, o estío en su versión más poética, una excusa más a la que aferrarse  cuando uno se enfrenta a esta hoja en blanco en la que se convierte la pantalla cada vez que uno trata de transmitirles algo con sentido.</p>
<p>A propósito  de poder recomendar, una lectura muy refrescante que ha caído en mis manos estas fechas se denomina <em>"Pintar sin tener ni idea y otros ensayos sobre el arte" </em>escrito por Ángel  González García (Editoria Lampreave y Millán, 2007). Dentro de uno de sus ensayos, <em>Isótopos del Azul</em>, resume un cuento de Alphonse Allais titulado "Cromopatía" o "El arco iris humano". Les reproduzco aquí parte del ensayo:</p>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://diselabia.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/arcoiris.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-165" src="http://diselabia.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/arcoiris.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="390" height="126" /></a></dt>
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<p class="wp-caption-dd"><em>Trata (el cuento) de siete amigos perdidamente enamorados de la misma hermosa mujer, pero vinculados por un pacto que les autoriza a intentar conquistarla cada uno por su lado y al mismo tiempo les obliga a dejarle el campo libre a quien antes lo consiga. Cuando el que finalmente lo consigue se encuentra a los demás, se queda estupefacto: "Lo que tenía delante de él no eran rostros humanos, sino un auténtico arco iris". Y en efecto, el primero estaba rojo de ira; el segundo, amarillo de envidia;  el tercero, mitad rojo de ira y mitad amarillo de envidia, se había puesto de color naranja; el cuarto, por su parte, verde de espanto; y el quinto y el sexto, azules por el estupor; sobre todo éste último, que se había puesto índigo... Una vez alineados correctamente a petición suya, el conquistador cae en la cuenta de que falta el violeta; hasta que al verse de pronto en un espejo, descubre que éste era precisamente el tinte de su rostro. El motivo era muy simple. El triunfo y el placer lo habían teñido de rojo, color que había venido a mezclarse con el azul provocado por el estupor de  ver sus multicolores camaradas... "Y así, la serie quedó completa", concluye Allais. Gracias al violeta, por cierto. (</em>Ángel González García, Pintar sin tener ni idea..., Madrid. Pág. 90)</p>
<p>Alguno se preguntará el por qué del motivo de la imagen, pero tengan en cuenta que si bien suponemos que los mozos del cuento debían de ser bien parecidos, éste fue escrito por Alphonse Allais en 1896 :)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Dinner (And The Opera) With TCR.]]></title>
<link>http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/?p=1507</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 04:12:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>littlebangtheory</dc:creator>
<guid>http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/?p=1507</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Yeah, dat&#8217;s right - &#8220;De Opera.&#8221;  Youz got a problem wit dat?
I don&#8217;t.
I rece]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeah, dat's right - "De Opera."  Youz got a problem wit dat?</p>
<p>I don't.</p>
<p>I recently scored four tickets to the opera, and boy, it was a doozie - Berlioz's <em>Les Troyens,</em> a magnus opus of daunting depth and duration, so much so that it was never performed in the composer's lifetime.  Even now it's considered a "masterwork,"  requiring marathon efforts by a full symphony orchestra and a large chorus behind a cast of principals who are expected to not only curl your toes, but to continue doing so long after they've died and been burnt to a crisp.</p>
<p>That's one of the truly magical aspects of opera - if you liked Casandra's arias, you're gonna <em>love</em> her Ghost's big number!</p>
<p>So the Total Gig consisted of two days' machinations, with Acts One and Two performed on a Saturday night, and Acts Three, Four and Five performed on Sunday Afternoon, all at the truly beautiful Tanglewood, a legendary music venue in The Berkshires and summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, widely regarded as one of the world's great orchestras.</p>
<p>I don't sound much like a Native Son of Massachusetts now, do I?</p>
<p>And hey, it gets better:</p>
<p>I had <em>dates!</em></p>
<p>Yes, that's plural.  Two lovely women shared parts of their weekends with me, and I loved every minute of it.</p>
<p>Saturday's gift was Elder Progeny, my little-girl-become-a-beautiful-woman, and Sunday's was Ultimate Spawn, hot on her heels in her irrepressible rise into adulthood.</p>
<p>And the venue was magnificent.  Our lawn tickets put us out among the proletariat, where the little children play "tag" amongst the lawn chairs and the blankets, catered spreads adorn fold-out parqué tables and wines whose names I can't pronounce flow like water:</p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/lawn-1-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1501" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/lawn-1-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="300" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/lawn-2-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1502" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/lawn-2-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>Bummer, man.</p>
<p>But I hung in, if you know what I mean.</p>
<p>Saturday Night's performance was jaw dropping, with E. Progeny and me supping on a starter of assorted olives and cheese and a nice baguette, followed by flame-grilled skewers of shrimp and mango, and teriyaki  beef with peppers and onions (actually it was the same meal both shows, 'cause I'm lazy like that.)  Oh, and I served it over a mahogany rice salad with lots of cool veggies.  Came out pretty good.  ;)</p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/with-elder-progeny-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1503" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/with-elder-progeny-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="352" /></a></p>
<p>E.P. distrusts a camera, but allowed Magic Finger™ to take her picture.</p>
<p>Night shows at Tanglewood are spectacular, with the illuminated orchestra glowing like a distant but distinct diorama, and above it, a giant screen detailing the prodigious efforts of soloists, featured musicians, inspired ensemble playing by the string or horn sections, and of course the velvet fist of the inimitable conductor James Levine, who as it turns out was valiantly beginning and ending his summer season with these performances on the eve of surgery to remove an excruciatingly infected kidney.</p>
<p>Thank you, Mr. James Levine.  We never knew.</p>
<p>The Boston Symphony Orchestra gets my vote for the best rock band in existence, and as an old rocker, I'm weighing them against the best of the heavyweights.  Here's a poor shot of them kicking my ass:</p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/orchestra-1-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1504" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/orchestra-1-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="265" /></a></p>
<p>Friggin' eh!</p>
<p>The unrivaled heroine of Saturday night was Anna Caterina Antonacci as <em>Cassandra</em>,  whose unearthly beauty was eclipsed only by her unearthly voice.   I was so enraptured by her performance that I totally forgot to read the supertitles and missed her second-act death by self-immolation,  instead pursuing her magnificence into our climax, a knee-weakening ascent into heaven, riding wave after wave of unanticipated ecstasies .</p>
<p>I'm telling you, it was a long ride home in those pants.</p>
<p>Sunday was another beautiful day, defying for a second time the predictions of severe thunder storms and delivering perfect weather for a picnic on The Lawn.  My guest was my baby, Ultimate Spawn:</p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/with-ultimate-spawn-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1505" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/with-ultimate-spawn-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>...here gnoshing on bread and olives before the main course, and later endearing herself to me by displaying the genetic predisposition to <em>yumming</em> her way through a desert of fresh fruit and cheese with dark chocolate kisses and a nice Beaujolaise Nouveau:</p>
<p><a href="http://littlebangtheory.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/fruit-and-cheese-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1506" src="http://littlebangtheory.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/fruit-and-cheese-small.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>And yes, drunk from a Ball jar.  'Cause you know, we're hicks.  ;)</p>
<p>Sunday's "matinée" performance lacked the singularity of an event happening in the surrounding darkness, instead inspiring me to wander the lawn with camera in hand (which is where almost all of these pictures came from.)  The apex of the show was tenor Marcus Haddock's <em>Aeneas</em>,  a Trojan hero who hit a high note which nearly felled the ball jar from my quaking hand.</p>
<p>I'm tellin' ya, that's about as close to manwood as I ever wanna come.</p>
<p>So all-in-all it was a great weekend, with food and music and sun and the best company a guy could ask for.</p>
<p>Here's sharing it with you!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[El día que callaron los Clásicos Populares]]></title>
<link>http://elduendedelaradio.wordpress.com/?p=592</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 18:13:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>El Duende de la Radio</dc:creator>
<guid>http://elduendedelaradio.wordpress.com/?p=592</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Su madre le cuidó mientras vivió, y le enseñó cuanto pudo a valerse por sí sólo. No mover las ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_X2Xl8YNrqgs/R7ACnjzHH3I/AAAAAAAAASw/yxh-QjDRMOs/s200/f.jpg" alt="" width="132" height="200" />Su madre le cuidó mientras vivió, y le enseñó cuanto pudo a valerse por sí sólo. No mover las piernas no es lo peor que le puede pasar a un hombre- le consolaba- Puedes estudiar, leer, escuchar música y enriquecer tu imaginación. Y le regaló un magnífico equipo de música.</p>
<p>   Desde que vieron juntos por la tele no una, sino muchísimas veces, la película <strong><em>La ventana indiscreta</em></strong>, Samuel pasaba muchas horas espiando las de casa de enfrente. Pero corrieron dos años y en las habitaciones que cubría su mirada no  sucedió asesinato alguno sobre el cual investigar ni se asomó ninguna chica que se `pareciera, ni de lejos, a <strong>Grace Kelly</strong>. Qué pena. Su madre murió poco después. Y a Samuel tan sólo le quedó la ayuda de una asistenta que venía tres horas por las mañanas. Sin embargo su fe no decayó: a excepción de los asuntos del corazón, que exigen mucho salir, ya era capaz de despacharlo casi todo.</p>
<p> Durante un mes las ventanas de la casa de enfrente permanecieron cerradas. Un día apareció un camión de mudanzas y allí se instaló una residencia de estudiantes de postgrado. Cuando Samuel se cansaba de hacer sus ejercicios y de leer, miraba a las chicas que estudiaban. A veces  le levantaban la vista. Algunas, incluso, sonreían. Samuel era alto y bien parecido, y mediaba la treintena. Recordaba que su madre veía en él más encanto que en el propio <strong>James Stewart. </strong>Se lo decía cuando le preparaba tarta de zanahoria y nuez con nata, su postre favorito. Y a él no le hacía mella su invalidez. Quería comunicarse con las chicas de la residencia, hablar con ellas. Demasiados metros: aunque la calle era tranquila y silenciosa, no llegaban las palabras.</p>
<p> Un día que escuchaba la radio el dial se detuvo en el 96´ 5 FM. Sonaba, muy coqueta ella, <strong><em>La danza de las horas.</em> </strong>En la residencia de enfrente, estudiaba con la ventana abierta  una chica de ojos rasgados y pómulos marcados, como de princesa rusa. Samuel subió el volumen, y la chica se quedó escuchando y cerró el libro que estaba abierto sobre la mesa. Lejos de enfadarse, sonrió, se levantó de la silla y ensayó unos pasos de ballet al ritmo que marcaba <strong>Ponchielli. </strong>Samuel la seguía con la mirada, de ventana en ventana.</p>
<p>  Desde entonces, semana tras semana, Samuel sintonizaba <strong><em>Clásicos Populares. </em></strong>Un tipo muy simpático llamado <strong>Fernando Argenta </strong>introducía temas musicales de compositores famosos que él no había escuchado hasta entonces, pero que producían efectos maravillosos. Unos eran una explosión de ritmo y colorido. Otros, puro lirismo. La tarde que sonó el <strong><em>allegretto</em> de la 7ª Sinfonía de Beethoven </strong>la posgraduada de la tercera ventana de la residencia se le quedó mirando y se puso a llorar. Otro día cantó <strong>Alfredo Kraus</strong>  <em>Vasconavarro soy, del valle roncalés...</em>y al escuchar el zorzico una navarrica que preparaba oposiciones le dijo por señas que quería conocerle. Bajó de la residencia, cruzó la calle con un paquete de chistorras y a la hora de la cena se las tomaron entre vinos y risas. La música es un río que nunca sabemos dónde desemboca.</p>
<p> Samuel hizo suya toda la que sonaba en aquel programa. De la misma manera que <strong>el cartero de Pablo Neruda</strong> le robaba poemas al poeta chileno para ofrecérselos a su amada como propios -<em>la poesía no es de quien la escribe, sino de quien la necesita, </em>argumentaba impecable- él  afanaba los mejores temas de los clásicos para comunicarse, animar la calle, vacilar con las vecinas de enfrente, declararlas su amor y, al cabo, sentir que, aún sin piernas, era capaz de volar y hacer volar en alas de la música. Seducida por una coral de <strong>Cantata nº 147 </strong>de <strong>Juan Sebastián Bach</strong>  que se apoderó de otra tarde , la estudiante, ya talludita, que trabajaba su tesis doctoral  sobre el protagonismo de la luna en el drama amoroso del siglo XVIII no pudo resistir más, arrancó una sábana de su cama, rotuló en ella un <em>QUIERO HABLAR DE MÚSICA CONTIGO</em> y la desplegó bajo su ventana. Samuel se quedó estupefacto, sin saber ni qué cara poner, durante varios minutos. No sabía si ella estaba interesada en el viejo organista de <strong>Leipzig</strong> o en él, y, en este caso, temía que ella no hubiera advertido su minusvalía.  Pero ella interpretó que el que calla otorga, y sin pensárselo dos veces apagó su ordenador y se presentó en el piso de Samuel con una falda y una blusa camisera a juego que, casualmente, llevaba sin abrochar los tres primeros botones. Tres horas después de haberse acabado la emisión de  <em>Clásicos Populares, </em>y según versión de Petra, que era la más cotilla de la residencia, se les veía besarse entre las lamas de la persiana.</p>
<p> A todo esto, la calle, conquistada por la música, se había transformado. El portero del edificio paredaño con la casa de Samuel fue el primero en arrimar su receptor de radio a la ventana para amplificar el sonido de <em>Clásicos Populares. </em>Poco a poco lo hicieron muchos vecinos más. Una mujer de esas que soportan una mala salud de hierro durante lustros y que se muere todas las semanas, esperaba que Fernando Argenta le programara el <em>Lux Aeterna dona eis </em> del <strong>Réquiem de Mozart </strong>para despedirse de este valle de lágrimas con la seguridad de haberse ganado la gloria. Entretanto, los jazmines y plumbagos, las vincas, las buganvilias y las damas de noche trepaban por los muros de las casas como si los clásicos fueran su mejor fertilizante, y los árboles respondían al milagro de la música  desarrollando sus copas hasta convertir aquel rincón de la ciudad en un remanso de frescura y de aromas embriagadores.</p>
<p> Pero todo cambió cuando <strong>Fernando Argenta</strong>  anunció que <em>Clásicos Populares </em> dejaría de emitirse. Razones empresariales, ya se sabe. Con él entraban en el ERE Beethoven, Bach, <strong>Brahms, Mozart, Haydn</strong>, <strong>Haendel, Vivaldi, Berlioz, Albéniz, Falla, Verdi, Wagner</strong> y hasta los <strong>Niños Cantores</strong> <strong>de Viena</strong>. Sabios gestores habían dado la razón al <strong>príncipe Salina</strong> de <strong><em>El gatopardo.</em> </strong>Sí, el que sugería que <em>hay que cambiarlo todo para que nada cambie. </em>Al menos para que no cambie la necedad humana.</p>
<p> El caso es que la voz de <em>Clásicos Populares </em>enmudeció. Y entonces Samuel, sin esperar siquiera a ver qué nuevas estudiantes habían llegado a la residencia de enfrente, cerró su ventaba, corrió los visillos y las cortinas y llamó al Servicio de Asistencia Domiciliaria para Minusválidos solicitando que se hicieran cargo de él.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Epilepsy Series-Disabled Legend Hector Berlioz]]></title>
<link>http://lifechums.wordpress.com/2008/06/21/epilepsy-series-disabled-legend-hector-berlioz/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Jun 2008 21:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>lifechums</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lifechums.wordpress.com/2008/06/21/epilepsy-series-disabled-legend-hector-berlioz/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hector Berlioz - Louis Hector Berlioz was born on 11 December, 1803 and died on 8 March, 1869. Hecto]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img style="float:left;cursor:hand;margin:0 10px 10px 0;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_Ni_-I5dTznI/SF1zVB4tJUI/AAAAAAAAALU/1yw1L0Ljgu0/s320/Hector+Berlioz.jpg" border="0" alt="" />Hector Berlioz - Louis Hector Berlioz was born on 11 December, 1803 and died on 8 March, 1869. Hector was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande Messe des morts (Requiem). Berlioz made great contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation and by utilizing huge orchestral forces for his works, sometimes calling for over 1,000 performers.</p>
<p>Keep visiting: <a href="http://www.lifechums.com/">www.lifechums.com/</a> more Celebrities featuring Shortly .............</p>
<p><a title="Bookmark and Share" href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php" target="_blank"><img src="http://s9.addthis.com/button1-addthis.gif" border="0" alt="Bookmark and Share" width="125" height="16" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Climbing the charts]]></title>
<link>http://gatheringnote.wordpress.com/?p=302</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 15:49:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Zach Carstensen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gatheringnote.wordpress.com/?p=302</guid>
<description><![CDATA[For the first time, and what is likely indicative of the classical music industry, Gustavo Dudamel]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For the first time, and what is likely indicative of the classical music industry, Gustavo Dudamel's DG download only release of Berlioz's <em>Symphonie Fantastique</em> sits <a href="http://overthetopblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2008/06/dudamel_and_the.html">at the top of the Billboard Classical Music Chart</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Equivocarse de mano]]></title>
<link>http://nukithepianist.wordpress.com/?p=40</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 04 Jun 2008 08:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Ziessel</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nukithepianist.wordpress.com/?p=40</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Héctor Berlioz dio un concierto en Viena que obtuvo un éxito sensacional. Una admiradora se le ace]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Héctor Berlioz dio un concierto en Viena que obtuvo un éxito sensacional. Una admiradora se le acercó y, estrechándole la mano, le dijo:</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff00ff;">- ¡Perdona mi osadía, pero quiero acariciar la mano que ha escrito música tan bella!</span></p>
<p>Y como a todo esto le tenía cogida la mano izquierda Berlioz le replicó:</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff00ff;">- Como usted guste, señora, pero yo escribo con la otra.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://img152.imageshack.us/img152/530/berliozof9.jpg" alt="Hector Berlioz" width="200" height="292" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Catching Incoming Items: quote]]></title>
<link>http://newleafnews.wordpress.com/?p=36</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2008 16:34:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>New Leaf News</dc:creator>
<guid>http://newleafnews.wordpress.com/?p=36</guid>
<description><![CDATA[A quote for the day:
Every composer knows the anguish and despair occasioned by forgetting ideas whi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A quote for the day:</p>
<p>[gallery]<em>Every composer knows the anguish and despair occasioned by forgetting ideas which one had no time to write down.</em> -- Hector Berlioz, composer (1803 - 1869)<a href="http://newleafnews.wordpress.com/files/2008/05/istock_000003369228xsmall.jpg"></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Berlioz, Les Troyens, a Concert Performance and a Symposium: discussion]]></title>
<link>http://berkshirereview.wordpress.com/?p=18</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 20:52:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>berkshirereview</dc:creator>
<guid>http://berkshirereview.wordpress.com/?p=18</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Les Troyens is so widely accepted as Berlioz’s greatest work, that the progress of the Berlioz Ren]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Les Troyens is so widely accepted as Berlioz’s greatest work, that the progress of the Berlioz Renaissance is punctuated by performances of it in the opera house and in concert, beginning, arguably, with Sir Thomas Beecham’s moderately abridged 1947 BBC broadcast. Now Boston music-lovers may consider the Berlioz Renaissance to be something of a noble fiction, since his music has had its own secure place in the Boston Symphony repertoire for many years, maturing with Charles Munch’s arrival in 1949. During his tenure he and the BSO performed and recorded several of Berlioz’s most important works, and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0001TSWPU?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=drawing07-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=9325&#38;creativeASIN=B0001TSWPU">the recordings </a><img style="border:none !important;margin:0 !important;" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=drawing07-20&#38;l=as2&#38;o=1&#38;a=B0001TSWPU" border="0" alt="" width="1" height="1" />are still considered among the best. Later, both Jean Martinon and Seiji Ozawa continued the tradition most capably, and Berlioz has been one of James Levine’s great enthusiasms since early in his career. Expertise in Berlioz seems to be a prerequisite for the job. Yet, this is the first complete performance of <em>Les Troyens</em> by the foremost Berlioz orchestra in America, which in the past has only played brief excerpts, above all the “Royal Hunt and Storm” from Act IV. Hence these concert performances of Parts I and II on following weeks, culminating in a complete performance on Sunday May 4, are in fact landmarks. To read the rest of the review, click <a class="aligncenter" title="Berlioz, Les Troyens, Symposium and Concert Performance" href="http://www.berkshirereview.net/music/berlioz_troyens.html" target="_blank">here<span style="color:#000000;">.</span></a></p>
<p><a href="music/berlioz_troyens.html" target="_self"></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Любимата ми карикатура на Hector Berlioz]]></title>
<link>http://sophijski.wordpress.com/?p=216</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2008 05:47:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Borislav</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sophijski.wordpress.com/?p=216</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Карикатурата явно е провокирана от Tuba mirum от Grande messe des m]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://sophijski.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/1760971.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-218" src="http://sophijski.wordpress.com/files/2008/05/1760971.jpg" alt="" width="369" height="400" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Карикатурата явно е провокирана от Tuba mirum от Grande messe des morts: топът в оркестъра  изобразява 12 чифта тимпани (прецедент в музикалната история), големите барабани и останалите ударни инструменти, изобразяващи Страшния съд.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Изпълнението е през 2000 г. в Royal Albert Hall - London. На диригентския пулт е Sir Collin Davis.</em></p>
<h4>Когато гледате най-гръмовния откъс от този реквием, съсредоточете се, моля, върху очилата на Sir Collin Davis: забавно е - все пак има и лещи на този свят!!!</h4>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/rimZC_gkV1A'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/rimZC_gkV1A&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Offertorium, Berlioz]]></title>
<link>http://alombredesguichets.wordpress.com/?p=25</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2008 22:12:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>karlguilbeau</dc:creator>
<guid>http://alombredesguichets.wordpress.com/?p=25</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;L’arrêté ministériel stipulait que mon Requiem serait exécuté aux frais du gouvernemen]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>"L’arrêté ministériel stipulait que mon <em>Requiem </em>serait exécuté aux frais du gouvernement, le jour du service funèbre célébré tous les ans pour les victimes de la révolution de 1830."</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/VsApYLr7wgE'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/VsApYLr7wgE&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span><!--more--></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span>Par suite de ma méfiance habituelle, j’étais resté derrière <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_Habeneck">Habeneck</a> et, lui tournant le dos, je surveillais le groupe des timbaliers, qu’il ne pouvait pas voir, le moment approchant où ils allaient prendre part à la mêlée générale. Il y a peut-être mille mesures dans mon <em>Requiem.</em> Précisément sur celle dont je viens de parler, celle où le mouvement s’élargit, celle où les instruments de cuivre lancent leur terrible fanfare, sur la mesure <em>unique</em> enfin dans laquelle l’action du chef d’orchestre est absolument indispensable, Habeneck <em>baisse son bâton, tire tranquillement sa tabatière et se met à prendre une prise de tabac.</em> J’avais toujours l’œil de son côté; à l’instant je pivote rapidement sur un talon, et m’élançant devant lui, j’étends mon bras et je marque les quatre grands temps du nouveau mouvement. Les orchestres me suivent, tout part en ordre, je conduis le morceau jusqu’à la fin, et l’effet que j’avais rêvé est produit.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><em>Mémoires</em>, Hector Berlioz, 1969, Flammarion</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Il fut donc un temps, chers amis, où les chefs d'orchestre étaient légers comme des chefs de gare et vivaient<em> à l'ombre des guichets.</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Chorus of gnomes and sylphs, Berlioz]]></title>
<link>http://stephenstunes.wordpress.com/?p=30</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2008 16:40:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stephen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephenstunes.wordpress.com/?p=30</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Another week, another chorus rehearsal: another new piece.
Last night we got our shiny, new scores f]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Another week, another chorus rehearsal: another new piece.</p>
<p>Last night we got our shiny, new scores for <em>La damnation de Faust</em> by Hector Berlioz.  The first thing to say is this thing is huge - it weighs about two pounds!  Carrying around all the music books we now need every week is certainly going to keep us fit.  According to the notes at the front of the score, the orchestra is pretty huge too, requiring (amongst other things) an <a title="A cross between a tuba and a bassoon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophicleide" target="_blank">ophicleide</a> and "8 or 10 harps".</p>
<p>One thing that always amazes me about singing in the chorus is how quickly we manage to learn new music. We made a start to this piece by looking at the <em>Chœur de gnomes et de sylphes</em>.  As usual, we started by simply sight-reading the opening section without stopping for mistakes.  Trying to sing new music and get my tongue around the French words at the same was not easy. There were times when it felt like it was all going to fall apart, but somehow it was kept together by the few people who had sung the music before.</p>
<p>Then we went back to the beginning and tried again. Almost immediately there was an improvement, simply because we knew what was coming and were able to learn from our mistakes.  This time, our director did stop here and there to go over particular problem areas more slowly and gradually the music began to take shape.  We were now able to think more about the shape of the music, the dynamics, the correct French pronunciation and so on.</p>
<p>Once the first section was fairly secure, we moved on to the next section and repeated the whole processes.  Within the space of hour, we had sung the whole chorus and it was starting to sound quite good.  The problem with a big work like this though, is that there is a danger of becoming like a plate-spinner: we move on and learn other choruses and by the time we come back to this one, we have forgotten it.   I have a feeling that quite a lot of home practice will be required over the coming months.</p>
<p>Which, of course, I will have plenty of time for with a baby on the way.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Trojan, but hardly a warhorse]]></title>
<link>http://ihearvoices.wordpress.com/?p=38</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2008 03:58:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rmlibonati</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ihearvoices.wordpress.com/?p=38</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Although I cannot call myself a Berliozian (but rather the opposite of that), I couldn&#8217; t hel]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Although I cannot call myself a Berliozian (but rather the opposite of that), I couldn' t help checking the Boston Symphony Orchestra' s concert with the first part of Berlioz' s gigantic rarely performed opera  Les Troyens. I have to say that my first positive experience with that work involved James Levine' s DVD from the Metropolitan Opera in spite of the exotic (if impressive) cast and seeing that he would conduct the work again tonight was the decisive element to make me buy my ticket. As in his New York performance with Jessye Norman and Tatiana Troyanos, Levine resisted the temptation of presenting too turgid a view of this pseudo-classic work.  On his hand, Les Troyens is a matter of Musikdrama, often shown in almost late-Romantic intensity - and that' s all for the better.  In that sense, the BSO was the main feature of this concert. This orchestra' s lush, full yet light sonorities never get in the way of soloists and chorus and also involve the necessary clarity that ensure that Berlioz' s woodwind effects hit home as they should. The Tanglewood Festival Chorus also deserve compliments for their powerful yet disciplined contribution. </p>
<p>Levine has the habit of seating his orchestra in a rather exotic manner, which might be effective to balance the sound of violas with the remaining strings. However, I will never be convinced that having the soloists standing in the end of the orchestra right in front of the chorus is a reasonable idea. In the three times I could witness this arrangement, it has always been perverse to singers, who seem understandably nervous having to take pride of place in the sound picture when they are not <em>in the front</em> of the orchestra. Especially when you have lightweight soloists.</p>
<p>Taking the crucial role of Cassandra, Yvonne Naef displayed an exquisite middle-weight mezzo-soprano that makes me think of another Yvonne - Minton - although the Australian singer had a brighter edge to her sound. I am used to more incisive and intense portrayals of this role and I took some time to understand that it was not only a sensible but a sensitive idea for Naef to opt for a more feminine and vulnerable approach, since her creamy sensuous voice was a bit stretched by the more exposed top notes and tested by having to sing over a full chorus. That said, no ugly sound came out of her throat during the whole evening, not to mention that her diction is crystalline and her phrasing is musicianly and elegant.</p>
<p>Announced to be indisposed, Dwayne Croft still could produce a most praiseworthy performance. His dark baritone is supple enough for Berliozian phrasing and only the occasional bleached out mezza voce and also some coughing showed that this reliable singer was indeed ill. Curiously, it was Marcello Giordani who seemed not to be in his best shape. He was entirely grey-toned during the first act and regaining the brightness of his sound for the second act did not prevent the sensation of effort.</p>
<p>In the whole, Levine's theatrical approach aided by the exquisite orchestral playing and the unconventional yet touching Cassandre of Yvonne Naef made me think I would gladly listen to the second part after a 20 min intermission (alas, this will be possibly only for those who - unlike me -  will be in Boston on May 4th), even if I have doubts about Giordani' s Aeneas right when he has a lot to sing and most of all about Anne Sofie Von Otter' s Dido, especially placed behind the orchestra. Last time I saw her, Levine was the conductor who chose to seat her like that in the Gasteig Concert Hall for Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde and I can tell you she had a bad time trying to be heard from the remote spot on stage reserved for her.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Rachmaninov All-Night Vigil]]></title>
<link>http://stephenstunes.wordpress.com/?p=26</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 19:30:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stephen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephenstunes.wordpress.com/?p=26</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Yes - I know I blogged about this the other week.  I&#8217;m not going senile, but it&#8217;s the on]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes - I know I blogged about this the other week.  I'm not going senile, but it's the only music I've listened to today.  I'm beginning to wonder about the wisdom of my blogging strategy.  Anyway, I turned on the car radio on my way home from work and this is what was being sung.  It inspired me to put on the recording I have of it and follow along in my score when I got home.</p>
<p>At the end of the performance on the radio, the announcer mentioned that this is one of the pieces that will be included in this summer's <a title="BBC Proms" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2008/" target="_blank">Proms</a>.  The line-up of concerts was announced earlier this month, <a title="That exciting press release in full" href="http://www.rsno.org.uk/cms/content/view/359/229/" target="_blank">as was the programme for next season's RSNO concerts</a>.  So, after enough cheesy links to have a vegetarian barbecue, I have the chance to look ahead to the works that the chorus will be singing with the orchestra after the summer.</p>
<p>The big event will be <em>The Damnation of Faust </em>by Berlioz, which is based on the play by Goethe.  It tells the story of Faust selling his soul to the devil in an attempt to save the life of his sweetheart (a bit like Liz Hurley's masterpiece <em>Bedazzled</em>...).  This concert gets a couple of pages to devoted to it in the orchestra's brochure, so it's obviously a big deal.  We are also singing Haydn's <em>Nelson Mass</em> and Vaughan Williams' <em>Sea Symphony</em>.</p>
<p>Should keep us busy.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Melvins Nude With Boots Update]]></title>
<link>http://janstephens.wordpress.com/?p=246</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:15:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>janstephens</dc:creator>
<guid>http://janstephens.wordpress.com/?p=246</guid>
<description><![CDATA[While trailing through the inter-web &#8230; I stubbled upon the new cover for the latest offering f]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>While trailing through the inter-web ... I stubbled upon the new cover for the latest offering from (the) Melvins 'Nude With Boots'. Out July 8th. </p>
<p><img src="http://www.ipecac.com/promo/minis/105mini.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="500" /></p>
<p> <a href="http://webzoom.freewebs.com/deathcobra/downloads/Melvins.mp3" target="_blank">HERE</a>'s also a taster of new album treats in the form of the track Dies Iraea. It's a wonderful cover of the haunting Symphonie Fantastique by Hector Berlioz ... which you will most likely know as the opening music to the classic movie 'The Shining' (see what I mean below).</p>
<p>WOW weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee......... </p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/EoHm6UywRTw'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/EoHm6UywRTw&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Artist, Hero]]></title>
<link>http://soundtime.wordpress.com/?p=48</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 03 Apr 2008 22:21:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gtra1n</dc:creator>
<guid>http://soundtime.wordpress.com/?p=48</guid>
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Beethoven&#8217;s 3rd Symphony, the &#8220;Eroica,&#8221; premiered the night of April 7, 1805.  An]]></description>
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<p>Beethoven's 3rd Symphony, the "Eroica," premiered the night of April 7, 1805.  And thus began Romanticism, with what sounds, still, like cannon fire.</p>
<p>If the Classic style of Vienna presents the composers thoughts on music in the form of a Haydn Sonata or a Mozart Serenade, the Romantic style presents the composers thoughts about . . . everything.  It is not, "listen to my music," but "listen to me."  A command, an imperative.  And Beethoven begins not at the periphery of this idea, but at the core.  In the "Eroica," Beethoven demands that we consider what he means, and what he means he does not exactly know - he means many things, all at the same time, and many of which disagree amongst themselves.  In other words, Beethoven is the artist not as Platonic ideal, but as human being.</p>
<p>This is a part of the "heroic" style which beings with him.  Another component of it is the endurance, but not always the triumph, of the human spirit against general adversity and especially internal conflict.  The title of the work tells the tale - a crisis of belief without a neat resolution.  Beethoven was no admirer of France, but did see in <a href="http://www.napoleon.org/en/home.asp">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> the possibility of an Enlightenment Revolution sweeping across Europe.  He initially thought of dedicating the work the work to <em>Bonaparte</em>, but as his biographer <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Beethoven-Revised-Maynard-Solomon/dp/0825672686/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1207258046&#38;sr=8-1">Maynard Solomon</a> relates, he began to have his doubts when that meant losing a fee from one of his patrons, then was further enraged by Bonaparte declaring himself Emperor.  That story is well know, as least apocryphally.  The tale continues, though.  After completion, Beethoven still considered calling the symphony <em>Bonaparte</em>, and the work did not received the title<em> Eroica</em> until 1806.  It had become the symphonic depiction of an abstract "Hero."</p>
<p>This matters, because the work presents a world of musical, intellectual and emotional conflict; sensation, hope, turmoil, questions without answers, a conclusion but not necessarily a resolution and, most of all, it juxtaposes life and death and describes a journey from one to the other and back again.  Romanticism!  It is a hero's life and thoughts, and we can think of that hero as Bonaparte.  I had been thrilled by the verve, pathos and passion of the symphony, but it didn't mean much to me until I read Anthony Burgess's incredible <em><a href="http://www.alibris.com/booksearch?qwork=4566724&#38;matches=45&#38;title=napoleon+symphony&#38;cm_sp=works*listing*title">Napoleon Symphony</a></em>, a novel that is quite faithfully modeled after the music.  The <em>marcia funebre</em> takes on a new life when the narrative depiction is of a group o freezing French soldiers trying to make their way back alive from the gates of Moscow in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon's_invasion_of_Russia"> 1812</a>.</p>
<p>But what Beethoven ultimately felt about Bonaparte was ambivalence, and the symphony is anything but that.  It is conflicted to the nth degree.  It's an internal portrait of a hero who is really just a man.  Beethoven easily fits that, but so can we all.  This heroic idea has nothing to do with power, fame or notoriety, or even the current <a href="http://tortureartist.wordpress.com/2008/03/26/twilight-of-the-hero/">decadent idea of heroism</a> that 'conservatives' are so enthralled by.  This is heroism as the daily struggle between human impulse and indulgence and our ethical and moral sense, the struggle to find our place in the community and the universe, and at least do no harm.</p>
<p>The work bursts with energy and seems to wonder into traps and travails, falling into extremely unstable dissonance almost at the beginning, and following nothing like Classic harmonic structure - it smashes chards against each other which cannot fit together in any way, and then stands briefly, looking at their shards, before turning with a sigh towards some random direction and, hopefully, some light.  And that's just the first movement.  The funeral march is heavy with the tread of pall-bearers accompanying the casket, carries some wistful memories of happier times, before falling apart in grief.  The scherzo is a wild, almost drunken peasant dance, interrupted by the distant hunting horns of the aristocracy.  The finale is Beethoven himself, impudently making fun of a peer, turning the other's banal melody into a moving finale via a dazzling set of variations.  Musically, this comes through clearly in an excellent <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Beethoven-Symphony-Eroica-Hybrid-SACD/dp/B0010SU4CK/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&#38;s=music&#38;qid=1207259560&#38;sr=1-2">new recording</a>, led by Andrew Manze with the Helsinborg Symphony:</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/mUr-6zNsFVI'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/mUr-6zNsFVI&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>I find the tempos ideal.  There is a tremendous effect at the opening, where the opening chards are played with the force that implies a fast pace, and one is left anticipating the second chord, which builds immediate tension.  This is a reading where the music really speaks for itself, and the small size of the orchestra allows clarity of internal detail.  I've never heard the kind of delineation of dissonance in the internal voices as with this performance.  Manze seems to be viewing this work from a point in the Classic period, and is full of subtle wonder about the shift in possibility the symphony produces.  The newness is there.</p>
<p>Michael Tilson Thomas also covers the work in <a href="http://www.keepingscore.org/">great musical detail</a>.  Between the two conductors, one can get quite an education into what makes the <em>Eroica</em> revolutionary.  My own thought is that with this work, you can an idea that becomes essential to Romantic music, which is music as a memory art.  The Classic style, generally, describes a musical journey from a home key, back again.  It is a the journey of a technique.  The Romantic style describes a personal journey, mainly between degrees of light and dark, and frequently between life and death.  The territory covered is internal, and the method is through memory - the hero can only return to life by recalling moments, experiences, joys and sorrows, and by that means reconstitute himself again.  This is true in Berlioz, who could not exist without Beethoven, and in the art of <a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId={13F483EC-3584-41B6-913A-1FE9D6181CBB}">Courbet</a>, who himself only cares about telling you what he thinks, whether in the famous self-portrait above or this wonderful one of himself as a Communard, rueful and self-mocking:</p>
<div style="text-align:center;"><img src="http://soundtime.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/courbet-18l.jpg" border="0" alt="courbet_18.L.jpg" width="300" height="384" /></div>
<p>The terrific exhibition at the Met includes the famous portrait the painter did of Berlioz, and relates that the composer did not like the painter at all.  Two willful artists together, not surprising.  It's a great picture though, the composer full of the same type of creative conflict and turmoil that Beethoven used as his fuel.  We admire, even exalt their work, and frequently disparage their personalities, expecting some kind of easy, shallow psychological correlation between the 'goodness' of art and that of the people who produce it.  But this is based on a strange idea of goodness - a combination of saintliness and agreeability.  Beethoven was not a saint, and often no particularly agreeable.  He was a man, and that makes him the artist, Hero.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Haydn]]></title>
<link>http://alexpantarei.wordpress.com/?p=68</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 01:34:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Alejandro Delgado</dc:creator>
<guid>http://alexpantarei.wordpress.com/?p=68</guid>
<description><![CDATA[




       
             Dentro de las actividades del espíritu la música es,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://alexpantarei.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/haydn.jpg" title="Haydn"></p>
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<p>       </p>
<p>             Dentro de las actividades del espíritu la música es, quizá, la que presenta rasgos patológicos más pronunciados en la recepción. En música, más que en otras artes, se estabilizan y fijan de manera perdurable ciertos clichés que configuran consensos de opinión. De ahí que sean, en compensación, frecuentes las recuperaciones de un gran músico casi olvidado, postergado quizá por el brillo de sus vecinos contemporáneos más conocidos, o desconsiderado por los vendavales que agitan modas, gustos y corrientes de opinión.</p>
<p>      El siglo XIX fue pródigo en reajustes de clásicos relegados. Ya en las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII se produce, en la capital austriaca, gracias al influyente mecenas y libretista barón <strong>Gottfried von Swieten</strong>, un reencuentro con <strong>G.F. Händel</strong> y con <strong>J.S. Bach</strong> del que se beneficiaron <strong>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</strong> y <strong>Joseph Haydn</strong>. El siglo XIX oficializa la veneración que se profesa a Bach, a Händel, y hasta inicia una recuperación, tamizada de leyenda y de inventiva "historicista", a través de un nazarenismo emergente, de algunos músicos de la Contrarreforma como <strong>Palestrina</strong>. El siglo XX, a medida que perfila su canon musical, va recobrando figuras insignes del Renacimiento, del manierismo o del primer Barroco, como <strong>Gesualdo</strong>, príncipe de Venosa, o el gran <strong>Monteverdi</strong>.</p>
<p>      Pero desde su muerte, acaecida en 1809, hasta un siglo y medio después, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial -1950 aproximadamente-, puede afirmarse que nada consiguió modificar la valoración y la imagen petrificada que se tuvo de Joseph Haydn.</p>
<p>      <strong>Leon Botstein</strong>, en un interesante ensayo, señala que el ágil espíritu decimonónico, que va reajustando una y otra vez la estima y la comprensión que le merecen los autores del pasado remoto, al menos los más grandes (Bach, Händel, Mozart), o del más próximo (<strong>Beethoven</strong>, <strong>Schubert</strong>), no hizo el menor esfuerzo por modificar la "foto de familia" del Padre Creador de la principal estirpe instrumental, el cuarteto y la sinfonía, a la vez que el gran recreador del género oratorio (en la línea de los oratorios de Händel), o de la música religiosa (con sus grandes misas del último período). Joseph Haydn atravesó ciento cincuenta años, desde poco después de su muerte hasta el ecuador del siglo XX, como una figura reputada y considerada pero poco estimulante.</p>
<p>      Quizá la palabra decisiva que explica esa petrificación se halle en el sustantivo que he utilizado al comenzar el párrafo anterior: desinterés. Joseph Haydn no interesaba. O dejó de interesar al apagarse el resplandor que su persona y su obra habían despertado durante su vida. El interés que en vida suscitó se trocó de pronto, a partir de la primera generación romántica, en palmario desinterés.</p>
<p>      Podría prolongarse la reflexión de Leon Botstein, aunque derivándola por cauces más aventureros. Podría afirmarse entonces que en Joseph Haydn, para la generación de Robert Schumann o de <strong>Hector Berlioz</strong>, no se encarnaba esa categoría estética que <strong>Friedrich Schlegel</strong> entronizó, siguiendo una incitación kantiana, como reveladora de la naturaleza de las obras de arte: la categoría de lo interesante.</p>
<p>      Joseph Haydn pudo parecer, durante ciento cincuenta años, un músico indiscutible, un extraordinario maestro, una <em>auctoritas</em> musical incuestionable en su dominio del material, o en su magistral modo de plasmar su gran invento, la forma sonata, en sinfonías, cuartetos de cámara, tríos con piano, oratorios o misas. Pero era un músico que no generaba comprometido y compartido interés, verdadero interés simpático o empático en musicólogos, melómanos, intérpretes, críticos y público en general: un fenómeno que todavía hoy puede advertirse, pese a los esfuerzos que desde hace medio siglo se están llevando a cabo para remediar esta injusta valoración.</p>
<p>      No resultaba interesante, en primer lugar, su biografía. La vida de Haydn era una vida sin materia narrativa. O que corría el riesgo de provocar bostezo y sopor en el auditorio si alguien se atrevía a relatarla o contarla. Cuarenta años de servidor, con casaca y libre, a las órdenes de un déspota neo-feudal afincado en zona fronteriza para organización y control de las marcas imperiales frente a los desmanes de las "naciones sin estado" del Imperio, por muy magnífico que fuese <strong>Nicolás I Esterházy</strong> en sus placeres arquitectónicos y musicales, o en la organización de festejos -onomásticas, bodas, pompas fúnebres-, no constituyen el mejor material para la construcción de una leyenda que provoque estímulo, o deseo de imitación y emulación. Un servicio efectuado, por lo demás, sin el menor atisbo de desafío o rebeldía.</p>
<p>      Como máxima desviación de la regla de autoridad sólo puede contabilizarse la anécdota del último movimiento de la <em><a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=PP89Av0fdS4"><strong>Sinfonía nº45 en Fa# menor, La Despedida</strong></a><strong> </strong></em>(o Los Adioses): el abandono paulatino, en el adagio del quinto y último movimiento, de los músicos por secciones, hasta que permanecen sólo dos violines: indicación del fastidio que experimentaban los jóvenes esposos intérpretes de la orquesta por su prolongada estancia en Esterháza, separados de sus esposas afincadas en Viena.</p>
<p>  </p>
<p>      Casi todas las anécdotas relativas a la vida y el carácter de Joseph Haydn son decepcionantes. Parecen ajustarse a aspectos pedantes, pintorescos y anecdóticos de un siglo ilustrado que abundó en liviandades inocuas que hoy producen estrañeza y fastidio.</p>
<p>      Sólo al final de su vida todo se acelera. El mundo en que Haydn se encuentra comienza a moverse a un ritmo vertiginoso de rotación y traslación, justamente cuando Haydn se libera de la tutela <em>Ancien Régime </em>derivada de su contrato con el príncipe Esterházy, una vez que muere su protector y gran melómano, Nicolás I el Magnífico, e inicia sus correrías burguesas por las salas de concierto londinenses, impulsado y acompañado por el violinista empresario Salomon, su representante.</p>
<p>      Libre al fin de la servidumbre feudal Salomon le proporcionó las alas necesarias para su vuelo final, el que sobreviene en un memorable estallido de creatividad. Tras las sinfonías parisinas, o las dedicadas a Johann Tost (88 y 89), o al conde D'Ogny (90 a 92), siguen las doce sinfonías londinenses, los cuartetos que se prolongan desde ese mismo período hasta los últimos días lúcidos del compositor. Y por último sus dos grandes oratorios y sus seis misas finales.</p>
<p>      Sólo entonces parece vislumbrarse un atisbo de sustancia legendaria en el menos novelesco de los músicos. Resplandece de pronto, única y fugaz, cual brillante cometa, la frase, la única frase, la que quizá compensa tanto silencio, y tanta quincalla anecdótica de vida y obra, o tanta abundancia de minucias deprimentes.</p>
<p>      La frase -la única frase- es, desde luego, memorable. Ha sido con suma frecuencia citada:</p>
<p>      <em>"Mi príncipe se hallaba satisfecho con mi trabajo; lo aplaudía; como director de una orquesta yo podía efectuar experimentos, podía observar lo que causaba impresión y lo que producía una resonancia débil, con lo que podía añadir, mejorar, cortar, asumir riesgos. Me hallaba aislado del mundo, nadie en mi proximidad me podía provocar inseguridad ni me podía atormentar, y yo no tuve más remedio que llegar a ser original".</em></p>
<p><em>      </em>"No tuve más remedio que ser original", porque ese estar separado, aislado del mundo, que parece anticipar la hermosa canción en la que <strong>Gustav Mahler</strong> confesaba su gran aspiración, la que sólo veía cumplida y realizada en su única temporada de un mes o dos meses en el campo, en soledad o en compañía de los seres amados, eso era en Haydn su vida diaria, cotidiana, su medio vital y su único hábitat ¡durante cuarenta años!</p>
<p>      Esa frase resplandece para siempre en el firmamento en donde habita la más procuradora de energía y de gozosa expresión de todas las creaciones musicales: la propia de un músico que en el goce que provoca y en la energía dinámica que imprime a su música halla su más grande hazaña. O que con la mayor concentración lacónica de un estilo que es de natural dramático y narrativo como ninguno logra desplegar una de las más fecundas y generosas donaciones de argumentos musicales -a través de sinfonías, cuartetos, tríos con piano, misas y oratorios- de la historia de la música occidental.</p>
<p>      Como dice de él <strong>Schönberg</strong>: "De Haydn aprendí cómo adquirir un ritmo de pensamiento vertiginoso, y a condensar en un mínimo de tiempo un máximo de acontecimientos".</p>
<p>      <strong>Marc Vignal</strong> añade, en comentario a esta frase de Schönberg: "Haydn poseía como pocos compositores la facultad de dar en pocas medidas una impresión de vasto desarrollo dramático, a lo que corresponde sin duda la nerviosidad de escritura de sus manuscritos autógrafos, tan limpios por lo demás, y la tensión intelectual que visualmente traducen".</p>
<p>       </p>
<p>       Esa frase de Joseph Haydn ("No tuve más remedio que ser original") resalta del transfondo de silencio que la enmarca. Pues nada hay en Haydn de lo que abunda en quienes voluntariamente (Beethoven) o involuntariamente (Mozart) son los responsables de su relativa marginación. Siempre aparece algo borroso, como el más envejecido personaje de la tétrada del estilo clásico, o de la Pimera Escuela Vienesa. El proteo quizás, el más prematuro de todos. Un ancestro originario algo desdibujado, subsumido en la obra vampírica de sus coetáneos y sucesores a los que se les tiene por más geniales, Mozart y Beethoven.</p>
<p>      Éstos, al parecer, devoraron la materia musical de ese padre convertido pronto en un abuelo bonachón, o en progenitor algo degradado y castrado. El logro del viejo Haydn repetía una y otra vez esa denominación, Papá Haydn, que el propio compositor en su vejez juzgó apropiada y cariñosa.</p>
<p>      Tras su muerte parece consumarse lo que una anécdota apócrifa revela de un momento tétrico de su adolescencia de joven del coro vienés con voz de mezzosoprano a punto de cambiarse en voz viril: pudo librarse por fortuna de la más arriesgada de las operaciones quirúrgicas, que entonces no se practicaba con excesivos miramientos médicos e higiénicos.</p>
<p>      Dice la anécdota, seguramente falsa, que su padre se presentó en el internado eclesiástico y le preguntó: "¿tienes un dolor punzante entre las piernas?". Lo que no llegó a consumarse en su pubertad, o en el momento delicado del cambio de su voz, se produjo tras su muerte en la imagen que de él acabaron teniendo las generaciones más jóvenes.</p>
<p>      En Ludwig van Beethoven se encuentran, como cortejo que circunda su obra, sus carnets de notas, que permiten palpar sus procesos mentales, y perseguir los argumentos musicales desde sus células germinales hasta sus concreciones finales. O sus elecciones, rechazos, elaboraciones, transformaciones.</p>
<p>      En Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart se dispone de una correspondencia que permite reconstruir las vicisitudes de creación y puesta en escena de sus obras, y hasta de sus más secretas inclinaciones eróticas (en las cartas a su prima).</p>
<p>      Nada de esto se encuentra en las notas, legado, cartas y conversaciones de Joseph Haydn: el material que recogen sus primeros biógrafos. Estos meritorios testimonios primeros de su biografía no pudieron ser superados por biógrafos con nervio y talento, como lo fueron Otto Jahn para Mozart, o Adolph Bernhard Marx para Beethoven. Joseph Haydn careció de intérpretes de su vida y obra de auténtica enjundia.</p>
<p>   </p>
<p>      Haydn quedó en manos de los historiadores de la música. Para ellos cumplió su función en aquello que generó. En eso nadie le discutió la hazaña. Había creado las dos formas musicales de mayor influencia en ese mundo de grandes orquestas en las que la figura del director se hallaba en puja irresistible, o entre los recoletos y selectos conjuntos de cámara en los cuales la música encontraba su verdadero sanctasanctórum (y descubría sus más preciosas esencias).</p>
<p>      Había sido el fundador moderno de la sinfonía y del cuarteto de cuerda, y con ellos de una música instrumental emancipada, valorada poco a poco por encima de la música vocal, y tildada de autónoma y absoluta: la que encontró su forma específica en el gran invento estructural, sintáctico y lingüístico de Joseph Haydn: la forma sonata, o esa forma del allegro de sonata (exposición, desarrollo, recapitulación y coda) que fue para él algo más que una simple forma musical. Como dice <strong>Charles Rosen</strong>, fue una forma que en Haydn terminó siendo la sustancia lingüística misma de su escritura musical (y no sólo de los primeros movimientos de sus obras instrumentales).</p>
<p>      Pero en esa invención tuvo su extenuada consunción. Fue, para muchos de sus herederos, eso y nada más. Su ingente y hercúlea serie de cuartetos, sinfonías (104), tríos con piano (45), sonatas para piano (52), oratorios, misas (14), todo eso no era lo importante. Era una redundante ilustración de la Gran Proeza: la de gestar esas formas, o esas modalidades de instrumentación, que eran lo principal del personaje que, desde entonces, se iba a recordar.</p>
<p>      No poseía ni transmitía lo que de él había sido transferido a sus mejores contemporáneos o discípulos, Mozart y Beethoven: el espíritu, la emoción, el verdadero goce (moral, sensual, intelectual). Eso Haydn, al parecer, no lo daba en suficiente medida e intensidad. De este modo quedó fijada su anquilosada figura y estereotipo: como referencia historiográfica, nunca hagiográfica.</p>
<p>      Mostró siempre ingenio y capacidad de invención, pero en la percepción decimonónica, siempre sobrepasado por los dos genios responsables de su relativo ocultamiento, que añadieron expresividad y hondura a su originalidad algo extravagante, y a su inventiva siempre próxima al pintoresquismo, excesivamente desparramada en pequeñas minucias humorísticas de un natural algo infantil y pedantesco. Ambos, Mozart y Beethoven, poseían -según esta opinión romántica- lo que en Haydn se echaba de menos: vigor espiritual.</p>
<p>      Parecía pues, que la obra de Haydn careciese de espíritu, una palabra que ya <strong>Kant</strong> asoció, en su Crítica del Juicio, con el concepto de genio creador. Tuvo originalidad, pues "no tuvo más remedio" que inventar, o que originar. Pero esa originalidad podía entenderse como la característica de bricoleur (que sabe cortar, añadir, quitar, sustraer, coser, transformar, o asumir riesgos en todas estas operaciones). Más próxima a esa línea "inventiva" que al énfasis romántico en torno al genio creador, gestante de reglas y de principios.</p>
<p>      Era, por tanto, una especia de <strong>Thomas Alva Edison</strong> del modo moderno de concebir, argumentar y dramatizar la música. Más cerca de los oficios (crafts) que de las artes (arts), y de la inventiva artesanal que del Gran Arte propiamente dicho, según concepto consagrado por la crítica filosófica ilustrada, desde <strong>Burke</strong> y <strong>Shaftesbury</strong> hasta <strong>Kant</strong>.</p>
<p>      <strong>Pierre Boulez</strong> lo define (pensando quizás en José, padre adoptivo de Jesús de Nazaret, o en Gepeto, el fabricador de Pinocho, o también en la actividad del constructor de carretas de su humilde progenitor) como un artesano, un carpintero, capaz de desencadenar ese "artesanado furioso" que terminó siendo la forma sonata y la gran música sinfónica y de cámara de los siglos XIX y XX.</p>
<p>      Se le tuvo por "genio" mientras vivió. Fue en su época consagrado como el genio mayor, comparable a <strong>Shakespeare</strong>, a <strong>Esquilo</strong>, a <strong>Sófocles</strong>, o a <strong>Píndaro</strong> (creador de odas corales y bailables, como en cierto modo lo eran sus "pindáricas" sinfonías).</p>
<p>      Pocas veces en la historia de la música ha sucedido algo tan extremado: una unanimidad alcanzada en toda la sociedad europea en relación con su carácter único y genial, consagrado por consenso como el más grande compositor existente, y un paulatino desinterés que pronto degeneró en desidia, en suspicacia, en crítica malévola y en positiva irritación a partir de la generación post-beethoveniana de <strong>Schumann</strong>, <strong>Berlioz</strong> o <strong>Wagner</strong>.</p>
<p>      Desde entonces la estima se invierte en auténtico desamor. El asombro laudatorio se tuerce en restricción mental (o en franco desinterés y olvido). Su música produce una y otra vez objeciones y rechazos: a sus sinfonías se les reprocha exceso de jovialidad y goce, y ausencia de emociones profundas. A sus misas, su poca religiosidad, demasiado alegre y feliz, casi bailable. A sus oratorios, su voluntad descriptiva supuestamente ingenua. Sólo se pone a salvo algún adagio, especialmente en los cuartetos finales, Opus <a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=UTGsvOkKEmg"><strong>76</strong></a> y 77, porque recuerdan a los largos o los adagios de Mozart, o los adagios del último Beethoven.</p>
<p>      En su música destaca su inventiva. Pero una inventiva en sentido manierista, lindante con las extravagancias y con el ingenio. O en el sentido muy propio de ese fin de siglo (XVIII), con su gusto por el capriccio y la fantasía (perceptible en la música y en otras artes; en la pintura goyesca, por ejemplo). Se piensa que en su música hay más <em>esprit</em> (en sentido francés) que <em>Geist</em> (en significación alemana). O más ingenio que genio.</p>
<p>      Como si el atributo principal del espíritu, su capacidad para iluminar los abismos y los desiertos desolados del cerebro y del corazón, no fuese propiedad de Joseph Haydn. Como si aquella memorable definición que <strong>Hegel</strong> dio del espíritu, en el prólogo de su Fenomenología del Espíritu, que es tanto más fuerte y poderoso cuanta más capacidad posee de exteriorizarse, enajenarse y perderse, no fuese siquiera anticipada ni vislumbrada por este músico, anclado (al parecer) en el más acartonado cliché relativo a lo dieciochesco.</p>
<p>     </p>
<p>      Una frase que ha dañado sobremanera la reputación de Haydn es la que se atribuye al conde <strong>Waldstein</strong> al aconsejar a Ludwig van Beethoven que Haydn fuese su maestro. Le dijo a Beethoven que de este modo "se le entregaría el espíritu de Mozart en las manos de Haydn". Ese comentario decía de forma implícita que Joseph Haydn carecía de espíritu, o que era tan sólo un vehículo: simple cauce que facilitaba la migración del espíritu, que podía así transferirse de Mozart a Beethoven. Pocas frases ha habido más dañinas para la valoración de un artista.</p>
<p>      La estima de la obra de Haydn no ofrecía paliativos para ese siglo romántico antitético con todo lo que este música pudiese representar. Sus estupendas misas se rechazaban porque se las juzgaba excesivamente alegres y rumbosas, como si el drama de la cruz no admitiese efusiones de ritmos al tres por cuatro cercanos al minuetto o al Ländler. Una mezcla de prejuicios protestantes procedentes del norte de Alemania y de la devotio moderna del nazarenizmo romántico -tendente a un atrabiliario retorno a un gregoriano fantaseado, o a su recreación contrarreformista- fue responsable del desgarramiento de vestiduras que se promovió contra las creaciones religiosas del último Haydn.</p>
<p>      El prejuicio todavía deja su huella en un gran musicólogo posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, uno de los que más han contribuido a la rehabilitación y a la comprensión de la música de Haydn, al dar con la categoría que mejor permite acercarse a su música londinense, lo que denomina la pastoral heroica haydniana, <strong>Charles Rosen</strong>, que despacha las misas en apensa dos líneas, y con cajas destempladas: él que de manera tan cuidada y convincente logra recuperar esa serie de obras maestras que constituyen los <a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=j9EG7mQH-yA"><strong>tríos con piano</strong> </a>de Haydn.</p>
<p>      Puede advertirse una misma combinación de incomprensión y desidia, desde el romanticismo en adelante, con <a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=9L99fICMrjg"><strong><em>La Creación</em> </strong></a>y con <em><a href="http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=KYxqN7cilEM"><strong>Las Estaciones</strong></a></em>, como si toda la sustancia espiritual de esos oratorios se evaporase en los múltiples detalles pintorescos que salpican su impecable argumentación musical y dramática, y que son el necesario condimento (pero no la sustancia preponderante). Todo ese ingente trabajo musical, formal, al servicio de ideas dramáticas y existenciales poderosas, queda arruinado con el veredicto implacable de <em>Tonmalerei,</em> pintura tonal, que en términos despectivos sirvió de suficiente y definitivo soporte al juicio sumario que recayó sobre esas obras magistrales.</p>
<p>      Se aceptaba la <em>Sinfonía Pastoral</em> de <strong>Beethoven</strong> como patrón musical que <strong>Hector Berlioz</strong> ecovaba y emulaba en la escena idílica y campestre de su <em>Sinfonía Fantástica, </em>al tiempo que se rechazaba sin paliativos el fresco y sincero acercamiento al mundo rural perceptible en esos oratorios de Haydn, y que atraviesa como un vendaval de espíritu popular todas sus últimas sinfonías. Desde Berlioz y Schumann esa incomprensión respecto a ambos oratorios ha arraigado entre muchos de los que gozan de las sinfonías y de los cuartetos haydnianos.</p>
<p>      Quizá no ha llegado aún la hora de la recuperación cabal de este músico. Esa hora habría podido ser el neoclasicismo ambiental del período de entreguerras; pero era demasiado nostálgico de aspectos tópicos de la galantería dieciochesca para poder comprender y gozar el abierto rusticismo haydniano como una variante del "retorno a la naturaleza" de <strong>Jean-Jacques Rousseau</strong>, un poco al modo del "majismo" goyesco tan bien analizado por <strong>Ortega y Gasset</strong>.</p>
<p>       El neoclasicismo se encontró con el Mozart elegante y aristocrático, tnato en su versión <strong>Richard Strauss</strong> (<em>El Caballero de la Rosa</em>), como bastante tiempo después, en la forma de <strong>Ígor Stravinski</strong> (<em>La Carrera del Libertino</em>), pero no con la simbiosis de sabiduría musical y afición por aires y tonadillas populares que se descubre sobre todo en el último Haydn.</p>
<p>       </p>
<p align="right"><strong>Eugenio Trías: El Canto De Las Sirenas</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Week in Concerts, Day 4]]></title>
<link>http://soundtime.wordpress.com/?p=29</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 02 Mar 2008 01:17:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gtra1n</dc:creator>
<guid>http://soundtime.wordpress.com/?p=29</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Final day, and a real indulgence for me - the Vienna Philharmonic led by Valery Gergiev in music for]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Final day, and a real indulgence for me - the Vienna Philharmonic led by Valery Gergiev in music form Berlioz's <i>Romeo et Juliette</i>, the <i>Prelude und Liebestod</i> from <i>Tristan und Isolde</i> and <i>La Mer</i>.</p>
<p>What can I say?  It was glorious in all the expected ways, and in some unexpected ways too.  That Vienna sound is something to behold in person, the musicians wonderfully organized around pulse and phrasing rather than a strict beat, and the strings at the front of everything.  And the them so warm, creating sound out of slight differences in intonation.  The orchestra is like a jazz group in this way, pushing the boundaries of intonation and the beat, but never breaking them.</p>
<p>The Berlioz was great, tremendously energetic.  The Wagner was not promising at first; Gergiev took long pauses between each of the opening phrases which let tension escape from the unstable harmonies - the pauses allowed the ear to settle into some equilibrium, rather than hunger for some offering of stability from the musicians.  But then he built the music to a peak of tremendous, spine-tingling intensity beyond anything I've heard, even the feverish <a href="http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=6828108&#38;style=classical">Kleiber</a> recording.</p>
<p>FInally, <i>La Mer.</i>  I was expecting a comforting, satisfying and routine performance, but Gergiev had a lot to say.  Rather then open up the orchestration, he indulged in the warm blend of the orchestra and let Debussy's instrumentation speak for itself, which it did brightly.  And he allowed the sections of the orchestra to play at tempos a little off from their colleagues, which had the powerful effect of painting the music, the rocks and the waves and the air and the water into a very real picture.  I've heard this piece in concert more than any other over the past 20 years, and this was something that stood out from the standard, as high as that is.</p>
<p>Now, I'll take a little break.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Didonato será Béatrice en otoño]]></title>
<link>http://opusoperis.wordpress.com/?p=41</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Feb 2008 19:02:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Tarquinius</dc:creator>
<guid>http://opusoperis.wordpress.com/?p=41</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La mezzosoprano americana Joyce Didonato (à ne pas manquer, son super photoblog) debutará en el pa]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La mezzosoprano americana Joyce Didonato (à ne pas manquer, son super <a href="http://yankeediva.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">photoblog</a>) debutará en el papel de Béatrice de <i>Béatrice et Bénédicte</i> de Berlioz durante la temporada 2008-2009 de la Grand Opera de Houston (el avance del resto de la temporada, <a href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/arts/classicalmusic/5523197.html" target="_blank">aquí</a>). El estreno tendrá lugar el 30 de octubre.</p>
<p>Otras mezzos famosas que han interpretado el papel son Susan Graham,  						  						 							Yvonne Minton y   						  						 							Josephine Veasey. Escuchemos a Janet Baker en el recitativo y aria del segundo acto <i>Non, que viens-je d'entendre</i>.</p>
<p>[audio http://rapidshare.com/files/90210451/Baker1.mp3]</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Berlioz "D´amour l`ardente flamme", laulab Susan Graham]]></title>
<link>http://donnaelwira.wordpress.com/?p=17</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 Feb 2008 19:17:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>donnaelwira</dc:creator>
<guid>http://donnaelwira.wordpress.com/?p=17</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Minu jaoks parim selle aaria esitus senikuuldutest.  
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/sGn0UR0kww8'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/sGn0UR0kww8&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Minu jaoks parim selle aaria esitus senikuuldutest.  </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mephistopheles and the Kingdom of God]]></title>
<link>http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/?p=534</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2008 16:12:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ElShaddai Edwards</dc:creator>
<guid>http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/?p=534</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve long been a proponent of the image of Satan as Mephistopheles, that is, the spirit of neg]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/mephistopheles.jpg" title="mephistopheles.jpg"><img src="http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/mephistopheles.thumbnail.jpg" alt="mephistopheles.jpg" class="alignright" align="right" /></a>I've long been a proponent of the image of Satan as Mephistopheles, that is, the spirit of negation, a demonic character incapable of his own creative acts, but who instead parodies and mimics and distorts the creative work of God and the lives of men. It gives credence to God as the sole Creator and Satan as the chief Corrupter.</p>
<p>Goethe's Faust was my primary introduction to Mephistopheles, not in literature, but rather the Romantic musical settings of Berlioz and Liszt. Liszt in particular nails the character in his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust_Symphony" target="_blank">Faust Symphony</a>, in which the three movements depict the main characters of Faust, Gretchen and Mephistopheles.</p>
<blockquote><p>Since Mephistopheles, Satan, the Spirit of Negation, is not capable of creating his own themes, he takes all of Faust's themes from the first movement and mutilates them into ironical and diabolical distortions. Here Liszt's mastery of thematic metamorphosis shows itself in its full power - therefore we may understand this movement as a modified recapitulation of the first one. The music is pushed to the very verge of atonality by use of high chromaticism, rhythmic leaps and fantastic scherzo-like sections. A modified version of Faust's second and third themes then creates an infernal fugue. (Wikipedia)</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/symphoniefantastique.jpg" title="symphoniefantastique.jpg"><img src="http://heissufficient.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/symphoniefantastique.thumbnail.jpg" alt="symphoniefantastique.jpg" class="alignright" align="right" /></a>This movement was a key section of my senior thesis in college on the portrayal of the macabre and demonic in 19th century orchestral music. (For those truly interested, the introduction of the third movement of Faust is a marvelous parody of the introduction to the fifth movement of Berlioz' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonie_fantastique" target="_blank">Symphonie fantastique</a>, which also depicts the distortion of a lover's beloved as she joins a witches' sabbath. Berlioz' overall use of musical parody, both of theme and form, to depict the demonic was pure genius.)</p>
<p>This view of Satan as Corrupter-not-Creator has been underscored by my <a href="/2008/01/28/riddlebarger-the-man-of-sin/">recent reading</a> of Kim Riddlebarger's view of the dragon and beasts of Revelation as a counterfeit trinity that parodies the deity, death and resurrection of Christ in their attempt to deceive and apostatize the whole world in the end times.</p>
<p>Bryan recently commented to <a href="/2008/01/29/amillennialism-vs-post-millennialism/">my questions</a> about amillennialism vs. post-millennialism with a quote from Ligon Duncan who sees "<i>a simultaneously increasing opposition to the kingdom growing alongside an ever advancing and expanding kingdom</i>." The image that comes to my mind is that, if the Kingdom of Heaven is ever advancing and expanding, then Satan's kingdom <i>must</i> also advance and expand because it feeds on the fruit of the Kingdom of Heaven, poisoning wherever it can gain a hold, but always dependent on Creation for the substance of its negation.</p>
<p>Finally, like the eternal feminine (<i>Ewigweibliche</i>) of Goethe, Christ stands in for us as the incorruptible Divine, turning Mephistopheles back on himself and casting the seed of the serpent into eternal fire.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Schoenberg 40, Stravinskij 30, Mc Cartney 20 (parte prima)]]></title>
<link>http://matteofaggiani.wordpress.com/2008/01/22/schoenberg-40-stravinskij-30-mc-cartney-20-parte-prima/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2008 15:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>matteofaggiani</dc:creator>
<guid>http://matteofaggiani.wordpress.com/2008/01/22/schoenberg-40-stravinskij-30-mc-cartney-20-parte-prima/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[



La musica di Stravinskij ha letteralmente sconvolto il mondo musicale. Dapprima perchè i suoi e]]></description>
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<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000"><font face="arial">La musica di Stravinskij ha letteralmente sconvolto il mondo musicale. Dapprima perchè i suoi esordi sono stati colpi da maestro: <em>L'uccello di fuoco</em>, <em>Petrouchka</em>, <em>la Sagra della Primavera</em>, scritti in qualche anno quando aveva appena trent'anni</font>"<br />
 <br />
<font face="arial">E. Ansermet, <em>I fondamenti della musica nella coscienza dell'uomo</em>, Campanotto, p. 360</font></font></p></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">Schoenberg scrive il <em>Pierrot Lunaire</em> nel 1912 all'età di 38 anni. E' l'opera che lo rende visbile definitivamente nel panorama musicale europeo. Vi traspare come in <em>Verlachte Nacht</em> il suo dono melodico (per dirla con Ansermet) al massimo livello. Questo dato non è dovuto all'utilizzo di un'armonia estrema, anzi ne è offuscato.<br />
E' allo stesso tempo un'opera spartiacque, non nella storia della musica, ma nel percorso artistico di Schoenberg. Con essa, pur contenendo molti principi della futura organizzazione dodecafonica, Schoenberg non aveva ancora adottato integralmente la tecnica dei <em>dodici suoni non aventi relazioni che dall'uno all'altro</em>.  D'altra parte il suo modo d'intendere la musica in senso sostanzialmente evoluzionistico determinava da una parte la percezione di una corrispondenza tra valore storico-musicale e linguaggio adottato, dall'altra il suo continuo porsi <em>nella storia</em> in qualche modo dall'esterno. Il suo <em>Manuale d'armonia</em> è la prova vivente di questa disposizione alla determinazione dall'esterno del linguaggio musicale.Nessun grande compositore (e Rameau non lo era) si era mai posto in modo così decisivo il problema dei mezzi adottati, della base del proprio lavoro. D'altra parte nello stesso periodo Hindemith tenta una simile ridefinizione seppure con una teoria non così sistematica. E' il sintomo che quella saturazione del linguaggio tonale avvertito da Schoenberg e dai suoi seguaci era effettivamente avvenuta (vedremo dopo che cosa in verità sottende questa saturazione). Ma era avvenuta non con Wagner, bensì con Beethoven.<br />
Con Beethoven il sistema delle possibilità musicali in mano al compositore<sup>1</sup> è fissato fino ai giorni d'oggi. <img border="0" align="right" width="121" src="http://www.gif-anime.org/im/gif/musique/beethoven/beethoven0.gif" height="142" />Un campo nel quale si sono inseriti <em>con la musica</em> Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Verdi, Rossini, Brahms. Con Wagner si cambia strada e questo cambiamento fa sì  che quel compimento della storia tonale venga attribuito dalle avanguardie allo stesso Wagner. Wagner da inizio a quella prassi che sarà l'appoggio metodologico della musica cosiddetta nuova. Egli infatti compendia la gran mole della sua musica con un altrettanto imponente quantità di saggi critici.<br />
Ora, la musica di Wagner ha perfettamente senso per il nostro orecchio pur non essendo dotato il compositore tedesco di dono melodico. Essa è all'interno del campo tracciato da Beethoven (se, significativamente, si eccettua la famosa ouverture del <em>Tristano</em>). Tuttavia, senza perdere tempo nel cercare di quantificare l'esatta influenza degli scritti critici, dobbiamo osservare che essi comunque <em>gravano</em> sull'opera musicale. Tanto è vero che chiunque si avvicini <em>vergine</em> alla musica wagneriana ne trae l'immediato bisogno di una spiegazione ulteriore a proposito di quei dati musicali comprensibili ma allo stesso tempo così poco autonomi. In definitiva la poetica di Wagner, (quindi il modo con cui noi percepiamo la sua figura) è impura musicalmente, ossia mista da un punto di vista poetico. La percezione musicale infatti è notevolmente influenzata dalle dichiarazioni estetiche del compositore. <br />
Wagner non era certo carattere che potesse compiacersi dell'incomprensione della gente in nome della libertà  artistica. Anzi fece una dura gavetta conclusasi con il meritato riconoscimento dell' <em>Olandese volante</em> (che non fu la fine dei problemi economici di un carattere così irruento) . Ciò nonostante fu il primo a confondere completamente la costituzione umana universale della musica  con la determinazione umana individuale del musicista. E' questo piccolo scalino che necessita di quel sovrappiù di elaborazione intellettuale atto a colmare il divario. Così lo strappo del <em>Tristano</em> è possibilie principalmente in virtù di questo intento programmatico, ci vive dentro; al di fuori di esso, fuori da una visione critica del linguaggio musicale sentiamo tutta la polemica e tutta l'affettazione (direbbe Leopardi) dell'operazione.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">Il programma (contenuto letterario o critico extramusicale affiancato alla musica dal compositore)  per primo era stato inserito in terra francese da Berlioz: non a caso altro grande dell'epoca che oggidì letteralmente non esiste nel repertorio medio classico di tutta Europa; la sua assenza resiste tenace alle varie riabilitazioni dei maggiori istituti concertistici.<br />
Il programma si sbriciola alla prima nota. La musica parla per il musicista e per la sua persona in generale, dato che ha scelto di vivere per mezzo della musica e non per mezzo della scrittura o della critica. Il programma, durante l'ascolto, può solo mutare l'attenzione in riflessione che è relazione tra due elementi (tre precisamente: noi,musica,programma) quando il discorso musicale non ammette interruzioni nella coscienza se si vuol parlare di ascolto musicale. I soggetti in causa sono quindi due: noi e la musica.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">Seguiamo quindi questo percorso storico: l'insinuarsi della ragione riflessiva non intorno alla musica, ma dentro la musica. Partiamo dal timido programma (quello della <em>Sinfonia Fantastica</em>) di Berlioz, musicista che riconosceva  e si emozionava per il talento altrui (Chopin) ma che non riusciva a ricrearlo nelle sue composizioni. Infatti prima del programma era ricorso ad un altro espediente: il colore dell'orchestra. <img border="0" align="left" width="230" src="http://grups.blanquerna.url.edu/m38/6/imatges/berlioz2.gif" alt="Caricatura viennese di Berlioz" height="232" />Grandi organici, effetti luminosi (orchestralmente parlando), una profonda esplorazione delle possibilità dell'orchestra (e di questo gli va dato merito). Ne fuoriesce l'insostituibile <em>Grand traité d'instrumentation</em> et d'orchestration moderne,  vero ed eterno contributo del musicista francese per tutti i compositori futuri ed unico caso in cui <em>Grand</em> indica sia la quantità che la qualità di un lavoro firmato Berlioz.<br />
Volevo arrivare a questo: con Berlioz da una parte si pone un punto estremo di onestà (onestà verso l'autonomia della musica, lungi da me il giudizio morale), in cui si fonda la propria attività sui ferri del mestiere, messi al centro in quanto tali. Si delinea cioè l'onesta possibilità di fare il compositore nel massimo delle possibilità artistiche (armonia e colore) pur rimanendo estranei al significato umano della musica. Siamo al limite ulitimo del campo segnato da Beethoven, al quale la figura di Berlioz è diametralmente opposta. D'altra parte si può ben comprendere come appena oltre questa possibilità vi sia solo la tentazione di scivolare nella disonestà del programma, cioè nel riempire con le parole il vuoto di un'ispirazione cercata e mai raggiunta.Arriviamo ai ponderosi saggi wagneriani e alla loro commistione musicale. Wagner risente dell'influenza atea di Feuerbach nell'approccio al fare musicale. Misconosce il significato di Dio, cioè non trova la figura della nostra essenza nelle forme musicali. Tenta dunque di alterare la costituzione universale (<em>nell'orecchio!</em>) di una forma artistica mediante la negazione critica ragionata. Confonde la popolarità (anche bieca) di un genere musicale (l'opera) con la causa di questa popolarità. Ma non la distrugge, vuole il pubblico, ne ha bisogno e cade in una cecità maggiore dell' operista mestierante di provincia italiano: non più l'orchestra al centro (come in Berlioz) ma il pubblico. Un pubblico in adorazione del compositore ma allo stesso tempo respinto (melomane) od invisibile (adepto). Ed infatti con Wagner cala, alla lettera e metaforicamente, il buio sui teatri tedeschi ed in seguito su quelli di tutto il mondo.<br />
Nasce il <em>Wort-Ton-Drama</em>. Termine che inconsapevolmente (ma nemmeno tanto) ci indica la formula chimica di questa forma artistica:parola,musica,azione in un piano paritetico. Wagner stesso ha in mente l'opera d'arte totale e questo descrive fino a qual punto la musica fosse penetrata nella sua persona. Ecco il punto: Wagner percepisce più d'ogni altro compositore la forza con cui la musica agisce sull'uomo ed infatti è ricoradto come musicista non come artista totale<sup>2</sup>. Ciò fa si che egli voglia impadronirsi della forza, non della musica perchè è più attratto da questa. Non potendo andare a fondo della questione, quindi, egli va al largo e attinge questa apparenza di forza all'esterno della musica, con l'aiuto della poesia, del teatro ribaltato nei presupposti (vedi di qui a poco), della saggistica e nell'arroganza di partorire un nuovo tipo di percezione, un nuovo tipo di uomo dall'unione a freddo di questi componenti (esclusa la saggistica naturalmente).<img border="0" align="right" width="257" src="http://www.tydecks.info/online/bilder/wagner.jpg" alt="Wagner" height="411" style="width:211px;height:339px;" /><br />
Nasce l'artista che si autoproclama ispirato grazie alle evidenze della logica dei concetti, del confronto della critica. Naturalmente questa investitura necessità di teatri e di forme musicali <em>privati</em> perchè Wagner compie una lettura privata del significato della musica. Non si poteva programmare nel teatro centrale della capitale (magari con la locandina che distingueva adeguatamente "Nel mese di Aprile si suona Wagner"). Fu un bisogno irreprimibile quello di dover eseguire la propria opera in un luogo non pubblico, proprio per il significato di pubblico: il dominio di tutti, un dominio connaturato inestinguibile ed indipendente al volere di qualsiasi soggetto che vi appartenga. Dovendo seguire lui e non Dio, cioè il cuore, per non rimanere indietro nella storia della musica non possiamo neanche avvicinarci al <em>Wort-Ton-Drama</em> inconsapevoli di tutto. C'è bisogno di riformulare tutto il nostro modo percettivo, cosa che non si può attuare se non mediante una preliminare preparzione intellettuale all'incontro con Wagner. <br />
Nasce, ahime per sempre, la percezione moderna della musica classica: fenomeno storico chiuso (non si sa quando, ne per mano di chi) ed incomunicante con la musica di oggi. Sorge la domanda che ci sia qualcosa da capire in questo fenomeno. Sorge perchè è stato racchiuso tutto in una scatola sigillata da prendere o da respingere in blocco e quindi se si abbraccia Beethoven occorre abbracciare Wagner perchè utilizzano entrambi l'orchestra e simili metodi compositivi, quando non addirittura Wagner è la naturale prosecuzione di Beethoven: storicizzazione tipiche di chi non si è mai soffermato sulla felicità o serenità vera che la melodia provoca (anche se l'andamento è triste; provocasse tristezza ce ne allontaneremmo all'istante).</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">L'effetto di Wagner, in questo senso, è più deleterio di quello di Schoenberg che a conti fatti arriva a babbo morto (perdonate l'espressione). Tecnicamente, ma la cosa ha un effetto umano gravissimo, egli mantiene le forme tonali nella distanza breve (frasi, cadenze, accordi ecc...) ma annulla il sentimento musicale nella distanza grande, elimina cioè lo stato iniziale-tensione-distensione che caratterizza la musica mediante il rinvio della risoluzione finale. C'è tutto il corpo con gli organi perfettamente uguali all'originale ma manca il cuore e questa cosa credo sia stata avvertita dalla gente. Questa mancanza di anima ha contribuito a far si che qualcosa suonasse classico, tanto più che, come stiamo osservando, la musica cominciava ad avere quel carattere intellettuale e rispettoso (più che rispettabile) che oggi la marginalizza.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">Veniamo a Schoenberg. Pochi scritti descrivono cosi dall'interno la musica del compositore viennese come il capitoletto dedicatogli da Ansermet (che però è indulgente con Wagner). Torniamo da dove eravamo partiti forti di ciò che abbiamo detto. La coscienza di Schoenberg è interamente proiettata <em>nella storia</em>. Egli non aspira alle leggi universali della musica ma a raggiungere quegli uomini universali che hanno impostato il campo musicale per farne godere <em>a tutti</em> (Beethoven, Mozart e, sbagliando, Wagner). Questa aspirazione determina quell'incapacità di leggere il senso della musica e delle più semplici frasi musicali. Incapacità ben dimostrata dalla critica di Ansermet alle analisi di partitura fatte da Schoenberg.<br />
In queste analisi è in realtà chiaro come Schoenberg, per raggiungere il suo scopo, scende all'analisi chimica della musica: quindi una concentrazione smisurata sull'accordo, sulla conduzione dell'armonia di per sé, tutta una serie di aspetti strumentali e non essenziali alla musica messi avanti a tutto e a tutti. "Se Schoenberg è padrone di tutti questi elementi separatamente allora è padrone della musica", questo è il senso che scorre sotto la sua saggistica.   <br />
Qui siamo veramente alla fine del percorso wagneriano. Qui (a differenza di Wagner), se ci riferiamo al periodo dodecafonico puro, è veramente impossibile avvicinarsi a questa musica senza un totale estraniamento da essa, senza che la nostra mente si ponga completamente su qualcosa di diverso dai dati dell'orecchio. Il programma è diventato legge. Solo l'armonicità dei singoli suoni ci indica una potenzialità che ad ogni nota genera un'aspettativa regolarmente frustrata  (ma non sempre sempre perchè a volte, nello spazio di qualche battuta, il senso melodico di Schoenberg emerge e vi sono degli autentici raggi di sole che ci parlano del musicista che sarebbe potuto essere). Armonicità che altri in seguito provvederanno prontamente a mettere in discussione (vedi post precedente). <br />
La musica stessa è puro manifesto, pura distinzione dell'uomo senza altro aggiungere.<img border="0" align="textTop" width="425" src="http://www.annesdoor.com/Foto/DarioSissel.jpg" alt="Dario Picciau, Sissel Vogelmann, 2004" height="254" /> D'altra parte rappresenta la faccia musicale di una concezione dell'uomo marxista portata alle ultime conseguenze. L'aspirazione a creare l'uomo nuovo mediante la prescrizione e, nel caso di Schoenberg, con l'esempio del sacrificio personale<sup>3</sup>. A questo pensiero appartiene propriamente il giudizio morale, il voler distinguere tra alto e basso. Schoenberg polemizza addirittura per mezzo della musica e dei testi contro la musica del suo tempo e questo da la misura di quanto fosse lontano dall'essenza della musica; lontano dall' espressione di sé egli richiede alla nostra intelligenza solamente di seguirlo nella sua ricostruzione storica della musica, il che è umanamente possibile e lo osserviamo nei pochi seguaci di questa teoria, o, ad un livello deteriore, in chi considera comunque più alto il suono di un violino da quello di una chitarra. Così Wagner attira ancora un pubblico mostrandogli un corpo senza cuore mentre Schoenberg non attira e non attirerà mai nessuno perchè mostra un ammasso umano in cui le mani sono al posto dei piedi e il fegato al posto del femore. Un <em>monstrum</em> dove l'accento va posto non sull'orrido ma sulla novità inedita mista di straordinario e di nefando (contrario all'umano). Riproposto rimane solo la carcassa del <em>monstrum</em> senza vita (non si trasmette con nessuna scuola o metodo, pur avendo regole chiare e scritte). Ciò che rimane è l'effetto straordinario e su quello si concentreranno le nuove avanguardie.<br />
Siamo arrivati al termine di quel fenomeno che definirei come l'impossibilità di imporre un ascolto o, per venir incontro agli avanguardisti, un nuovo mondo sonoro. Questo perchè il nostro ascolto funziona un pò come il Caronte che giudica nel V canto dell' inferno</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000"><strong>Dico che quando l'anima mal nata<br />
li vien dinanzi, tutta si confessa;<br />
e quel conoscitor de le peccata</strong></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000"><strong>vede qual loco d'inferno è da essa;<br />
cignesi con la coda tante volte<img border="0" align="right" width="32" src="http://www.sfi.it/ipertesti/cinema/IMAGES/Dante.jpg" alt="Dante Alighieri" height="28" style="width:118px;height:104px;" /><br />
quantunque gradi vuol che giù sia messa.</strong></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000"><strong>Sempre dinanzi a lui ne stanno molte;<br />
vanno a vicenda ciascuna al giudizio; <br />
dicono e odono, e poi son giù volte.</strong></font></p>
<p><font color="#000000"><strong>(Inf., V, 7-15)</strong></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">La coscienza di fronte alla musica giudica senza prove e testimoni. E' veloce e spietata. Viene prima la coda che cinge il condannato e poi le sue rimostranze ("dicono e odono"). La ragione può opporre qualsiasi riflessione ed anche decidere di accantonare le sue sentenze e proseguire per la sua strada, ciò non toglie la verità di una relazione che immediatamente attribuisce o non attibuisce significato ad una successione sonora <em>nel suo insieme</em>.<br />
Del resto Schoenberg arriva alla conclusione del percorso storico iniziato da Beethoven. Si tratta del processo che delinea la figura del compositore. Figura che si impone su quella del virtuoso (Paganini) per la forza del codice, della scrittura, del pentagramma. Il raffinarsi delle tecniche di codificazione permette una più precisa espressione dell'individualità, personificata nella figura del compositore tedesco, unione di individualità e universalità.<br />
Così il segno del compositore-musicista rimane la semplicità, quello del compositore di mestiere segue le leggi del mestiere che persegue il perfezionamento e l'ampliamento dei mezzi tecnici. E Schoenberg, malgrado i suoi sostenitori si rivolteranno a questa affermazione, è profondamente un compositore di mestiere. Probabilmente chiunque avesse voluto andare a fondo della tecnica di <em>scrivere musica</em> sarebbe incorso nei suoi problemi. Schoenberg è un mestierante, un mestierante sfortunato perchè arriva nel momento di massima espansione delle tecniche compositive e vuole porvi una regola. Solo così si spiega la sua prima affermazione alla soglia dei quarant'anni. Ha impiegato una vita ad esprimere qualcosa che però <em>tenga conto di quanto è stato scritto prima</em>.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">Questo ci porta al secondo fondamentale nodo della questione. Schoenberg è in primo luogo un critico, poi un compositore. Si avvicina alla musica col passo del critico. La critica è, storicamente, l'appoggio al compositore-mestierante che nasce dopo Beethoven. La critica nasce nell'ottocento non per spiegare al pubblico l'esplosione della musica strumentale (che era già viva e vegeta nel seicento senza alcun bisogno di chiarimenti); ha le sue radici nel pubblico ma pian piano si separa da esso. La critica miltante nasce come vestale del sapere tecnico che il pubblico non ha e su quello fonda la sua supremazia, su quello concede il proprio appoggio ai Lizst, ai Wagner ed ai Rachmaninov di questo mondo.<br />
Torno al punto: Schoenberg è un mestierante perchè impiega tutto quel tempo a raffinare una tecnica che sia approvata dal suo gusto critico. E per fare questo in quel periodo terminale ha speso moltissimi anni a dominarne la tecnica. Avvesse assecondato il suo dono melodico avrebbe trovato la sua dimensione con le prime melodie scritte da giovane (che sicuramente avrà giudicato fuori dal suo tempo). Non sarebbe entrato nella storia, sarebbe stato ciò che non è mai stato: una persona felice.<br />
<img border="0" align="absBottom" width="276" src="http://www.progettosinfonia.it/sinfonia/images/common/image041.gif" alt="Finestra " height="200" /></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#000000">1 Come vedremo il compositore è Colui che scrive musica e non si identifica totalmente con il Musicista (anche se la figura di Chopin avrebbe tutte le qualità per esserlo, se solo potessimo ascoltarlo suonare oggi).<br />
2 Non si considera mai abbastanza approfonditamente la mediocrità del poeta Wagner. Questo perchè lo si confronta con la mediocrità dei librettisti italiani. Si paragona opera con opera. Ma son due mediocrità che scaturiscono da presupposti diversi. Gli italiani dovevano confezionare velocemente un supporto poetico nella consapevolezza che l'esito dell'opera era al cento per cento dovuto alla qualità della musica. Wagner aveva in mente la poesia greca e l'illusione che il pubblico potesse apprezzare indipendentemente e allo stesso tempo la sua poesia e la sua musica oltre a poter disporre, nelle opere considerate suoi capolavori, di molto più tempo.<br />
3 Una lettura sotto questa luce del Doktor Faustus può essere d'aiuto. A di là dei complessi riferimenti filosofici di Mann, la figura del diavolo raffigurata indica propria quella freddezza con cui il musicista tecnico smonta le fondamenta dell'ispirazione e risponde all'esigenza feticista del musicista con adeguato contrappasso. Gli offre lo scheletro della grande musica da una parte e lo scheletro dell'euforia, della pienezza e del successo dall'altra.</font></p>
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