Today’s History Lesson leaves the tropics of Guadalcanal behind and heads for the cold of Canada…specifically Orillia, Ontario.  Located 80 miles north of Toronto, the city boasts a population of about 30,000 people and is the birthplace of one of Canada’s most famous singers.

Gordon Lightfoot was born on November 17, 1938.  Gordy’s singing and song-writing potential were well-known in local circles when he was quite young, and he had become something of a Canadian star in the early 60’s.  But Lightfoot was still largely unknown outside the borders of his country.

That began to change when he began releasing material for United Artists in mid 60’s.  His prowess as both a song-writer and a self-taught guitar player with a listenable, honest voice started getting him noticed.  Still, it wasn’t until If You Could Read My Mind was released in 1970 that Lightfoot hit the big-time.  For the next 10 years, Lightfoot would land a string of great songs on the charts.  Though he achieved a much greater success in his home country, many of most popular songs are ones that U.S.-bound listeners could all sing.

Carefree Highway and Sundown would be two of them, but I think it was The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, released in 1976, that really made him a household name.  Its haunting melody and moving bass line combined with the “legend of Gitche Gumee” and the reality of Lake Superior’s greatest maritime disaster have become the anthem of Gordon Lightfoot’s career.  In fact, I’m bold enough to claim that The Wreck has moved from just another “story song” to a place where in some sense, it has eclipsed the event it describes.  No one can mention the iron boat’s name without hearing the strains of Lightfoot’s voice in the background or humming the opening measures of the song.

I suppose that, in a sense, The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald so characterizes Gordon Lightfoot that much of his other work, terrific as it is, is lost in the boat’s shadow.  And that’s sad, because he has a terrific collection.  Some of my other favorites include The Pony Man, Canadian Railroad Trilogy, and Alberta Bound.  But happily, the Orillia native, though 70 years of age today, is still singing and performing.  I was fortunate enough to see Lightfoot in concert at the Paramount Theater in Cedar Rapids, IA, in 1993.  It was 2 hours of pure musical entertainment…one of the best live concerts I’ve ever attended.  No light displays, no bungee jumping, no spinning drums, and no stupid antics on stage.

It was Gordy, his guitar, his oh-so-familiar voice, and a really tight band.  Just as it should be.

Happy Birthday, Gordon Lightfoot!!

Recommended Listening: Sundown - One of several really good choices.  If you must have The Wreck… on CD, get Summertime Dream.

How does Jesus Christ teach a man to forget sin?  By forgiving him.  How does a pagan teach a man to forget sin?  “Ignore it, think no more about it, realize yourself!”

Oswald Chambers, Workmen of God (NY: Grosset and Dunlap, 1938), 34.

God grant we may understand the power of a holy worker for God.  I don’t mean a holiness worker; what we need is holy workers–there is a big difference.

Oswald Chambers, Workmen of God (NY: Grosset and Dunlap, 1938), 109.

Oswald Chamber died this date, Cairo, Egypt.  He was a son of a Scottish Baptist pastor who was converted after hearing Spurgeon preach. For three years he worked as a traveling missioner for the Pentecostal League of Prayer (non-tongues group founded by Reader Harris). Late he was principal of the League’s Bible Training College in London. He taught briefly at God’s Bible School, Cincinnati, Ohio, teaching R.G.Finch while there. Chambers in Egypt after two years of working as a YMCA chaplain among the desert troops. His most important book is his classic devotional My Utmost for His Highest still in print and available in several languages.

I dag deltog jeg i et litterært eksperiment efter arbejdstid. Merete Pryds Helle skriver om Kolding i året 1938 i et helt nyt indlæg til Kolding Krøniken og det var i dag hun læste højt af sit manuskript, som ingen endnu havde læst eller hørt. Jeg ville netop så gerne høre hende, (fordi jeg for ikke så længe siden læste romanen Oh, Romeo og kunne huske noget om, at der var sådan en slynget rytme i hendes sætninger, som jeg godt kunne lide). Og midt på torvet på biblioteket stod hun så og talte ind i en mikrofon til mig og ca. 15 andre som sad tyste på hvide stole. Historien, som vi hørte, handlede bl.a. om den tuberkuløse? Gertrud, sproget Esperanto, Konservative Ungdoms møde og en enkelt skørtejæger, som nåede at forføre seks kvinder før hans sande motiver blev afsløret. Så begynder tankerne at kredse rundt og billederne inde i hovedet at dukke op….Og imens gik lånerne rundt i biblioteket og valgte hvilke materialer, de skulle have med hjem.

Det var skønt at sætte sig ned i en halv time og blive båret afsted af de jo jo stadigvæk slyngede sætninger med mange betydningsglid og sjove billeder. Kolding i 1938 kan naturligvis ikke genskabes, men det er da en skæg tanke at komme 70 år efter og dykke ned i nogle begiveheder plukket fra aviser og andre kilder - og væve dem sammen til en historie. Mit overblik forsvinder næsten altid ved oplæsning. Jeg glæder mig derfor til (gen)læse historien, når Merete Pryds Helle har redigeret teksten færdig.

Tras analizar el desempleo en el continente europeo, el autor dedica un epígrafe a las islas británicas. En esta ocasión es G. Orwell con Sin blanca en París y Londres el que nos sirve de guía al comienzo del capítulo: “Alrededor de las seis menos cuarto, el irlandés me acompañó al asilo nocturno… Había ya una cola de harapientos esperando que la verja se abriera. Los había de todos los tipos y edades, desde el muchacho de dieciséis años de mejillas sonrojadas, hasta la vieja momia desdentada y enconvada de setenta y cinco años. Algunos eran vagabundos empedernidos, reconocibles por sus bastones y sus rostros ennegrecidos por el polvo. Otros eran obreros sin trabajo, algunos trabajadores del campo, uno era un oficinista con cuello y corbata, dos eran sin duda imbéciles”.

A la hora de abordar el desempleo en Gran Bretaña, Díez Espinosa utiliza los mismos elementos que en el epígrafe anterior: novelas, cine, música, fotografías y estadísticas oficiales. Sin embargo, en esta ocasión, el orden en que estos se nos presentan es radicalmente distinto. Al leer las páginas dedicadas a la cuestión continental nos encontrábamos en primer lugar con las “palabras, imágenes y sonidos”, con la vida corriente de tantas personas de la época. Sólo al final aparecían los datos estadísticos y el análisis histórico de los mismos. En las páginas que describen el desempleo británico el orden es exactamente el inverso. El autor comienza su discurso con un completo análisis numérico basado fundamentalmente en el informe de la Cambridge University Press Men without work (1938). Estos datos vienen acompañados en las páginas cuarenta y dos y cuarenta y tres por tres cuadros estadísticos con los siguientes títulos: evolución del desempleo en Gran Bretaña (1921-1938), la disparidad del desempleo en Gran Bretaña (1929-1937), y contrastes regionales del desempleo en Gran Bretaña en los años treinta.

Una vez hecha la descripción estadística de la realidad laboral británica, el libro se sumerje de nuevo en el mundo de la novela del desempleo. A partir de ese punto, las referencias a obras como Amor en el paro -Walter Greenwood, 1933-, Granito gris –Lewis Grassic Gibbon, 1934-, Rhondda Roundabout –Jack Jones, 1934-, Tiempos como estos –Gwin Jones, 1936-, y Cwmardy, la historia de un valle minero galés –Lewis Jones, 1937- son una constante en el discurrir del capítulo. Es más, Díez Espinosa facilita al lector la comprensión de esos acontecimientos cotidianos al agrupar las citas literarias por sectores económicos. Siguiendo este esquema, la obra describe con detenimiento la crisis en la construcción naval, la minería y la industria textil.

En lo que se refiere al aspecto lírico, encontramos transcritas en la página cincuenta las estrofas que Gordon Comstock, personaje de Keep the Aspidistra flying – G. Orwell, 1936-, dedica en esa novela a los valores materialistas. Más adelante –en la página cincuenta y dos- otro personaje de la literatura -Ewan Tavendale- nos permite conocer de primera mano cómo eran los cánticos en las “marchas de hambre”. También encontramos en este capítulo la imagen de una cola de desempleados escoceses frente a una oficina de contratación (página cuarenta y cinco).

Bibliografía:

[1] El desempleo de masas en la Gran Depresión. Palabras, imágenes y sonidos; José Ramón Díez Espinosa - Valladolid - Universidad - 2006.

David Davis

The article here reminds us that persecution of racial or religious minorities is often - if not always - associated with a totalitarian polity, and increasingly, another “religion”.

It is strange that today’s building chorus of anti-Semitism, now detectable almost world-wide, is greeted by the “liberal” left with gales of silence. For history shows us exactly what happens to “liberals” when the monster finally gets round to eating them too.

I would like to rescue the word “liberal” from the Stalinists who have pinched it for themselves, and restore it to us, along with “capitalist” which has suffered even worse lynching.

In der Nacht von 9. auf 10. November jährt sich zum siebzigsten Mal das Novemberpogrom von 1938, und die politische Mitgefühlsmaschinerie läuft heiß. Von allen Straßenecken starren die Schrecken dieser kalten Novembernacht auf die vorbeihetzende Bevölkerung:
Zerschlagene Fensterscheiben und Graffiti und Davidsterne und zerschlagene Fensterscheiben und Tränen und Davidsterne und der Anschluß war noch keine sechs Monate alt.

Und doch gibts es von allen Seiten das Bedürfnis noch einmal diese Stunden Revue passieren zu lassen, quasi noch einmal Résumé zu ziehen, ob der geballten Kraft eines Volkes das sich auf dem Weg Richtung Gipfel glaubte. In Mitten der zu erwartenden Scheinheiligkeit fällt dann immerwieder ein Wort, dessen Buchstaben das Geheimnis eines Landes verschleiern sollen, das sich nunmehr dreiundsechzig Jahre in Verleugnung übt:

Nazi.

Wer sind Nazis? Nationalsozialisten? Nationalisten? Sozialisten? Eine Splittergruppe? Eine politische Partei? Arier? Deutsche. Österreicher.

Ein Erbe mit dem eine Generation später noch niemand umgehen kann. Nationalsozialismus war das Ventil, das Transportmedium für den über Jahre aufgestauten Zorn eines Volkes. Österreich war in den Jahren vor 1938 eher tot als lebendig, man befand sich in einer wirtschaftlilchen Depression unfassbaren Ausmaßes, ähnlich dem Rest des Abendlandes.

Ja, es gab Judenhass auf den Straßen Wiens. Ja, man wollte sich in Tirol wieder in dem Glanz der vorherigen Dekaden sonnen. Ja, in Kärnten und der Steiermark bettelte man um einen Sündenbock.

Heute sind wir dank den selbstverherrlichenden Besatzungsmächten das erste Opfer des Blitzkrieges, und diese zynische Definition ist die Grundlage auf welche die zweite Republik erbaut wurde, ohne jegliche Schuldgefühle. Doch in den Hinterhöfen wird immernoch gemurmelt, wenn auch etwas leiser, und in den Heizkellern, versteckt hinter Regalen und Stäben und Eimern, finden sich auch im Jahre 2008 noch die Souveniers einer Epoche in der man in Österreich auf Besseres hoffte. Die Schuld von sich zu weisen ist simpel, und besonders die heimische Jugend beteuert unermüdlich man finde dieses Gedankengut abstoßend. Gleichzeitig wird eine rechtsextreme Partei zur drittstärksten Kraft gewählt, unter Jugendlichen zur Stärksten. Am 9. November 2008 stellen sich für den Großteil der Bevölkerung wieder Fragen, die sich seit langer Zeit nicht mehr gestellt haben. Aber vereinzelt stellen sich auch andere Fragen.

Wann werden wir beginnen uns selbst ausstehen zu können?
Wann werden wir beginnen unsere Vergangenheit aufzuarbeiten?
Wann werden wir aufhören dem Spiegel die Schuld zuzuschieben anstatt unserem Gesicht, und wann werden wir aufhören unser Denken in die Vergangenheit auszulagern?

Eine Generation ist bei genauerer Betrachtung keine besonders lange Zeit.

“Ich kann mich erinnern, der beste Schüler in unserer Klasse hieß “Blau”.
Er war Jude.
Als wir am 9. November 1938 in seine Straße einbogen, waren seine Fenster eingeschlagen, und heraus flog ein Klavier - Sein Klavier.” Ein Zeitzeuge

In der Nacht vom 9. auf den 10. November 1938 wurden in Deutschland ca. 400 Menschen Opfer von Morden, Selbsttötungen und schweren Körperverletzungen mit Todesfolge.

1.406 Synagogen und Betstuben wurden vollständig zerstört. Das sind nahezu alle, die sich damals in Deutschland befanden.

Des weiteren wurden 7.500 jüdische Geschäfte, Wohnungen, Gemeindehäuser und Friedhofskapellen zerstört.

Hinzu kommt eine unbekannte Zahl von Vergewaltigungen jüdischer Frauen.

Das gesamte Ausmaß der Novemberpogrome des Jahres 1938 ganz zu Schweigen von den folgenden grauenhaften Verbrechen der Nazizeit ist einfach nicht zu fassen.

Der 9. November 1938 und die Tage danach werden oft als “Reichspogromnacht” oder “Novemberpogrome” bezeichnet.
Die fabrikmäßigen Massenmorde von jüdischen Menschen in und aus ganz Europa durch die Nationalsozialisten gehen jedoch über jedes Pogrom der Geschichte weit hinaus und sind selbst mit dem Wort Genozid (Völkermord) nur unzureichend zu fassen. In der Nachkriegszeit wurden die Worte „Shoa“ (Hebräisch für “Unheil”, “große Katastrophe”) und Holocaust (Griechisch für “vollständig Verbranntes”, d. h. “Brandopfer”) für die Verbrechen der Nationalsozialisten neu definiert.

Mit meinen 23 Jahren gehöre ich zu einer Generation, welche die Geschehnisse der Judenverfolgungen unter dem nationalsozialistischen Regime nur aus Erzählungen kennt. Ich kann auch nur noch sehr wenige Augenzeugen befragen, da das ganze über 62 Jahre her ist.

Ich weiß aber, dass wir weder vergessen, verleugnen, noch aus Angst verschweigen dürfen, was geschehen ist!

“Die Geschichte lehrt dauernd, aber sie findet keine Schüler.” Dr. Ingeborg Bachmann

Deshalb nehme ich mit diesem Artikel und im RL an folgender Aktion teil:

Projekt “Kristallsplitter” zum 70. Jahrestag der Reichspogromnacht

Pressemitteilung:

“Der Weltkongress russischsprachiger Juden (World Congress of Russian Jewry” – WCRJ) startet ein Projekt, das dem 70. Jahrestag der Reichspogromnacht gewidmet ist. Es wurden mehrere Tausenden Abzeichen vorbereitet, sog. „Kristallsplitter“ in Form eines Davidsterns mit der Aufschrift „Nie wieder!“ in verschiedenen Sprachen (Englisch, Deutsch, Russisch etc.). Diese Abzeichen werden dann von den Aktivisten in verschiedenen Ländern verteilt und Menschen, die an dieser Aktion teilnehmen, werden sie am 9. November 2008 als Erinnerung und Mahnung tragen. Zurzeit laufen die Vorbereitungen in Israel, USA, Großbritannien, Italien, Tschechien, Polen, Bulgarien, Lettland, Estland, Rumänien, Österreich und Deutschland. Diese Aktion hat jetzt schon ein großes Interesse von der Seite der internationalen Presse erweckt.”

—

Quellen:

Wikipedia: Novemberpogrome
Wikipedia: Holocaust
Wikipedia: Pogrom
Bild2
Danke Chajm für den Hinweis
Zitate zu “Geschichte”

Mañana habrán transcurrido setenta años desde esa funesta y sórdida noche alemana en donde la barbarie y el odio se exhibieron en múltiples ataques antisemitas , un verdadero pogrom a escala nacional ; las hordas nazis esa noche atacaron las sinagogas , tiendas y casas pertenecientes a judíos , se le llamó de los cristales rotos porque aparte de incendios y otros apremios , a todos los recintos relacionados con los judíos alemanes se les apedreó las ventanas , vitrinas ,etc ; esta fue la antesala de lo que después se llamó cínicamente :”la solución final” ; ahora , por supuesto, no se trata de desarrollar un sentimiento antialemán , sino de recordar aquellos hechos cuya maldad no fue adecuadamente sancionada o no con la firmeza y la constancia necesarias , intereses espurios generados por la guerra fría impusieron perdonazos que a la humanidad no le pueden hacer bien ; quien dude de estas aseveraciones debe leer la vasta y rica obra del escritor alemán Heinrich Böll , porque ahí aparecen muy bien expuestos los problemas éticos , económicos , culturales y políticos de la Alemania de la pre-guerra , la guerra y la pos guerra ; el animal humano tropieza miles de veces con la misma piedra y lo hace con una liviandad rayana en la ausencia cognitiva …

Night of Broken Glass
Story Highlights
Kristallnacht is considered beginning of Nazi campaign against Jews

Two-day Nazi pogrom left 91 Jews dead, damaged more than 1,000 synagogues

More than 7,500 Jewish businesses were looted during Kristallnact

Estimated 30,000 Jewish men, boys sent to concentration camps during Kristallnact
.

Noch rechtzeitig vor dem 70. Jahrestag der Reichsprogromnacht hat der Bundestag gestern am 4.11.2008 ein Papier verabschiedet, dass die Absicht des Bundes unterstreicht den Antisemitismus auf allen Ebenen des Landes zu bekämpfen.

Alles schön und gut und durchaus zu begrüßen und zu unterstützen ist dieser einstimmige Beschluss des Parlamentes. Doch wird dieser Beschluss wirklich greifbare Folgen haben und Früchte tragen?

Das mag zu bezweifeln sein, denn reden kann man viel wenn der Tag lang ist und es kostet auch nicht viel Geld, konkrete Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung antijüdischen Gedankengutes in der Republik schon. Gerade unter den gegenwärtigen wirtschaftlichen Gegebenheiten, die noch lange nicht überstanden sind, wird man gerade bei so ideellen Maßnahmen sparen.

Bezeichnend ist es so zum Beispiel das genau 5 Tage vor dem Beschluss des Bundestages das durchaus bekannte und erfolgreiche Aussteigerprojekt für Neonazis “Exit” seine Arbeit auf Grund von überraschend gestrichenen Fördermitteln des Bundes seine Arbeit einstellen musste und nun verzweifelt noch versucht wird, zumindest laufende Projekte noch abzuschließen.

Das hier nicht auch unkonventionelle Wege von der Regierung gesucht werden um dieses Projekt zu retten, zeigt dass nicht einmal in den Ministerien, der aktive und eigenverantwortliche Kampf gegen Antisemitismus vorhanden beziehungsweise ausgeprägt ist.

Bleibt nur zu hoffen, dass das Papier vom 4.11. doch nicht nur Schall und Rauch war und durch es ein Umdenken in der Regierung statt findet. Bekanntlich stirbt ja die Hoffnung zuletzt.

Doch all dies ist kein Grund, dass nun der einfache Bürger sich aus der Verantwortung stiehlt. Wir alle haben die Pflicht, die wir als selbstverständlich betrachten sollten, 70 Jahre nach der Reichsprogromnacht unsere Ablehnung der Ereignisse vom 9.11.1938 zum Ausdruck zu bringen und unsere Unterstützung und Fürsprache unseren jüdischen Mitbürgern auszusprechen. Dieses Jahr ist der Gedenktag sogar ein Sonntag, also keine Ausreden! Jetzt schon mal über die geplanten Aktionen in deiner Region informieren und Präsents zeigen: ob nun bei Gedenkveranstaltungen, Mahnwachen oder Gedenkzügen.

Denn das hochkommen brauner, totalitärer und Menschen verachtender Tendenzen kann nur für uns alle und unsere Demokratie von Schaden sein. Leg die Hände nicht in den Schoß und denke, dass ein paar von Regierung und Parteien wirklich aussagekräftig sind und die anderen es schon machen werden, sondern bekenn auch du Farbe, sonst wird es ein brauner Herbst.

Tipp: Hier noch ein gute Vorstellung der Arbeit von Exit, des Deutschland Funk.

1948-2008 - Human Rights: The land where milk and honey do flow in rivers in concern of the human rights?

By Andreas Klamm

New York / London / Berlin./3mnewswire.org/November 1, 2008. In some days the entire world will celebrate on December 10, 2008 the 60th anniversary of the proclamation of the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS by the United Nations in New York City in 1948 in the United States of America.

As a French-German journalist, broadcast journalist and author I have been for about three years on a special research which is not over yet to find the country which could be best described as the country where milk and honey do flow in rivers in concern of the promotion, granting and support of the Human Rights.

It was crystal clear from the beginning of this international research that Germany during the years of the NAZIS Holocaust from 1933 to 1945 will not match these criteria. But what about Germany 70 years after during the Reichskristall-Nacht in 1938? The Synagogues of my Jewish brothers and sisters have been burned in Germany and about 10 million people have been killed in the German concentrations camps. It was perhaps one of the worsest disasters ever which have taken place in history of the human mankind. Another 50 million people have been killed during the Second World War.

There must be a change after 70 years, am I right?

There was a chance in December 1948 when the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS have been proclaimed by the United Nations. As Germany is a part of the universe the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS are valid in Germany also.

No one man or woman would ever doubt that Germany is not a part of this universe. There have been important changes but not in all areas and in all regions of the country of Germany. Certainly in 2008 Germany is still not meeting the criteria of a land where milk and honey do flow in rivers in concern of the promotion, support and granting of elementary and fundamental human rights such as the freedom of speech, the freedom of conscience the religious liberty and other basic rights which are granted in ARTICLE 18 and ARTICLE 19 of the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS.

It is always easy if German citizen especially famous politicians like Dr. Frank-Walter Steinmeier and German chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel are traveling to countries far away from Germany and do express their support for human rights and their concerns about the serious violations and abuses of the human rights in other countries, which is an important duty.

As a journalist, broadcast journalist and author of several books including the book “Liberty and Peace NOW! Human Rights Reporters” I do know that it is a very difficult duty to criticize other countries in concern of the serious abuses and violations against the UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS.

However some people have been asking me. “Please, as you are French-German journalist and citizen look not to Russia, China, Asia, North Korea, Indonesia first but do us one favor and have a brief look on the situation in concern of the human rights in Germany.” My thought was “…what shall be wrong with it, if some brothers and sisters from Asia, Russia, Africa, New Zealand and the United States of America have been asking me to have a brief look on the situation about human rights cases in Germany.” ?

It was my first impression and my second impression was and is: “I am still shocked !”

Germany in the year 2008 about 70 years after the Reichskristall-Nacht in 1938 has taken place still does not qualify in the criteria of a country where milk and honey do flow in the rivers in concern of supporting, granting and promoting human rights.

On http://aitel.hist.no/~walterk/wkeim/files/de_human_rights.htm you will find more than a dozen of cases where people with all kind of different backgrounds, even believers which call themselves Jews, Muslim, Christian and members of other religious systems have to go before EUROPEAN COURTS simply to claim elementary and fundamental UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS as granted in ARTICLE 19 and ARTICLE 18.

BUT what about all these people which are oppressed and their voices have been silenced. These people do not have a single cent to pay the attorney which could help or even defend their basic human rights before the EUROPEAN COURT.

This make the situation much worse. Because these people do know very well. Their human rights are abused and violated. They do suffer even torture in a country where torture is forbidden and their voices are silenced, while other politicians and rich people do act like cheer leaders on the screen of the media and television and like to make people believe: “We are the best.” Knowing very well that Germany is in need of development in concern of granting basic human rights in this country where one of the most horrible disaster have been taking place in the years of 1933 to 1945.

My third thought after studying some of the cases of the serious abuses of the human rights in Germany was: The U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon should travel on December 10, 2008 to Germany and declare in a public speech to all citizen in this world that we might be able to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the proclamation of the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS in December in 1948 in New York City in the United States of America and that the UN Secretary-General would encourage all human beings in his public speech on this entire planet earth to participate in the PEACE PROCESS that people and their elementary basic HUMAN RIGHTS will be not violated and abused.

“The campaign reminds us that in a world still reeling from the horrors of the Second World War, the Declaration was the first global statement of what we now take for granted — the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings.”

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

“In the course of this year, unprecedented efforts must be made to ensure that every person in the world can rely on just laws for his or her protection. In advancing all human rights for all, we will move towards the greatest fulfillment of human potential, a promise which is at the heart of the Universal Declaration.”

High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour

This is a fact just to celebrate that the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS have been proclaimed in 1948 is certainly not good enough. Human Rights have to be granted and human rights are elementary and fundamental basic rights of all these countries which claim to be a democracy. There is a lot of work in concern of the granting of the basic human rights which needs to be done.

All of us should take a part in this PEACE PROCESS. Promoting, the support and the granting of the human rights is perhaps one of the most important peace processes ever especially in those countries which want to go a step forward and to claim to be a democracy in this world.

Those which do know the Human Rights should support and help those which are oppressed and suffer in many cases beyond description even in 2008.

It is important to know the Universal Human Rights and it is also important to know how to claim the human rights.

Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

To read and study the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS please go to:

1. http://html.knowyourrights2008.org/en/universal-declaration-of-human-rights/universal-declaration.html

2. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang
/eng.htm

3. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/navigate/alpha.htm

4. www.humanrightsreporters.wordpress.com

5. www.menschenrechtsreporter.blogspot.com

6. www.ibsliberty.wordpress.com

7. www.un.org

3mnewswire.org / Liberty and Peace NOW! Human Rights Reporters

On Oct. 30, 1938, Orson Welles panicked America (and the world, too) with an amazing radio broadcasting about the aliens from Mars arriving and invading the United States, attacking state militias and civilians and poised to strike New York City from New Jersey. Then, Welles ended it with a revelation that it had all been a dramatic performance for Halloween entertainment, basing his radio narration on H.G. Wells’ book, The War of the Worlds. However, the public was outraged with CBS for the radio hoax and demanded explanations and punishment. Welles was censured. The full story can be read here. The collage graphic below was done by me, with a quote attributed from Jordan Maxwell. It’s pretty self-explanatory.

    A slight detour to Radioland today being this is the 70^th Anniversary of Orson Welles famed “War of the Worlds” broadcast on CBS Radio on October 30^th 1938. For those not in the know Welles and the Mercury Theater broadcast a Halloween treat that many listeners assumed was the real thing and frightened people across the country. Listeners who tuned in at the beginning were aware that this was a radio show and not a real life news broadcast, however, many listeners tuned in after the start of the show and did not know what was happening.

    Based on H.G, Wells novel, the setting was changed to Grover Mills, New Jersey which lent to its authenticity. The New York Daily New headline on the following day screamed “Fake Radio ‘War’ Stirs Terror Through U.S.”  The article began  “A  radio dramatization of H.G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds” - which thousands of people misunderstood as a news broadcast of a current catastrophe in New Jersey - created almost unbelievable scenes of terror in New York, New Jersey, the South and as far west as San Francisco between 8 and 9 o’clock last night. The panic started when an announcer suddenly interrupted the program of a dance orchestra - which was part of the dramatization - to “flash” an imaginary bulletin that a mysterious “meteor” had struck New Jersey, lighting the heavens for miles around.”

    Most of the show was broadcast as a series of news bulletins which added to its authenticity. Adding to the tension for many was the real life fact that Hitler was on the move in Europe and the U.S. would soon be drawn into the war.

    According to various newspaper’s local hospitals were crowded with people in shock, The telephone company was overloaded with panic phone calls and some people even attempted to kill themselves rather than be taken by aliens. Studies done later indicate that the wide spread “panic” of millions of people was blown out of proportion by the newspapers who were concerned that Radio, fairly new at the time, would kill the newspaper business. Yellow journalism was a common occurrence in those days. Over the years, the stories about the broadcast have grown and today it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There definitely was panic however, as to how widespread the panic was, is in question.

     In the aftermath, CBS, Welles, who was the director and narrator, and the Mercury Theater  were not punished or fined, however, CBS promised not to ever use “we interrupt this  program” for dramatic purposes again. Within less than three years, Orson Welles would go to Hollywood and direct his first film, the masterpiece “Citizen Kane.”

   In 1957 CBS’s Studio One dramatized the event with an episode called “The Night America Trembled.” In 1975, A made of TV move called “The Night That Panicked America” was broadcast on ABC TV with a cast that included Vic Morrow, Meredith Baxter and John Ritter.

Le 30 octobre 1938, il y a tout juste 70 ans, Orson Welles terrorisait l’Amérique avec l’adaptation radiophonique de La Guerre des mondes (War of the Worlds) de son homonyme H.G Wells.

Avec le temps, les mémoires divergent et les souvenirs diffèrent, entre panique générale et scepticisme, mais il semble bien que plusieurs milliers d’auditeurs se soient laissés berner. Plus d’un million de personnes, selon une étude universitaire.

L’émission avait pourtant été précédée d’un avertissement pour rappeler que ce n’était que de la fiction. Mais Orson Welles avait un sacré culot. Et un sacré talent. Deux ans plus tard, il réalisait à 25 ans son premier film, qui allait devenir LE plus grand de l’histoire du cinéma : Citizen Kane.

Les  temps ont bien changé, une guerre mondiale est passée par là et pas mal d’autres événements qui font qu’aujourd’hui on ne se laisse pas avoir comme ça.

Les rumeurs, sur Internet ou ailleurs, sont vite dégonflées, les mensonges dénoncés, les canulars éventés. Si quelques chaînes mail tentent encore de nous faire croire aux réseaux roumains de voleurs d’organes ou aux alligators mangeurs d’hommes, il y a tellement de moyens de vérifier les sources de toutes les informations qui nous assaillent, qu’on ne se laisse plus prendre.

Nous sommes dans une civilisation plus lucide, mieux informée et tellement plus perspicace.

D’ailleurs, le WWF peut bien annoncer, dans son rapport “Planète vivante 2008″, qu’au rythme où nous  la consommons il nous faudrait une seconde planète en 2030… personne ne bouge !

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Ça n’a pas forcément un rapport, quoi que. Ce dessin de Cardon dans le Canard de cette semaine m’a beaucoup fait rire. Finalement , je ne suis pas sûr qu’il soit si drôle que ça.

Orson Welles na rádio CBS

A maior armação já feita na história. O suposto ataque marciano que amedrontou mais de um milhão de norte americanos era apenas um livro. “A Guerra dos Mundos” (The War of the Worlds), de H.G. Wells.

O jovem Orson Welles tratou de fazer parecer bem real. Ele quis mostrar ao mundo que a opinião pública era facilmente manipulada. Com a ajuda do grupo de teatro Mercury, o qual liderou, o fez com sucesso.

Durante a programação normal da rádio CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System), Welles se fez passar por jornalista e foi constantemente apresentando notícias bem estranhas. Essas notícias aumentaram de intensidade, aconteciam explosões em marte e meteoros na terra. Ampliou o tom de voz, entrevistou pessoas que pareciam importantes e entendidas do assunto. Até gente gritando ao fundo era possível ouvir. Tudo isso deixou os ouvintes bastante nervosos, alguns se convenceram de que era real e correram alucinadamente pelas ruas em pânico.

Claro que apenas a minoria caiu nessa, por que em certas partes do “ataque”, ficava claro que aquilo ali não poderia estar acontecendo. O repórter apareceu em vários lugares num curto espaço de tempo, entrevistou as pessoas certas no momento exato. Mas o povo estava tão assustado que não prestaram atenção a esses detalhes.

No dia seguinte Welles afirmou que foi apenas uma brincadeira. O assunto rendeu vários processos e o transformou numa referência para os estudos de psicologia de massas.

Livro de H.G. Wells

Available here

Extremely high quality images featuring Frida Kahlo’s Girl with Death Mask, have been set under a glass-like, waterproof, crystal clear, high gloss professional finish.

Sterling silver ear wires & sterling plated bail.

Measures 7/8 x 3/4 not including the bail.

The danger of spies is little:

Free thinking and free communication will be censored or even forbidden

By Andreas Klamm

New York / London/3mnewswire.org/– Many people in the United States of America and in Germany are so much worried about the fact that government institutions and huge massive telecommunication companies could spy on them.

In Germany people are very well used to the total observation by the German intelligence services such as the Gestapo during the years 1933 to 1945 and the STASI during the years 1945 to 1990. This is not new to the people in Germany that companies and governmental organization do spy on them since many years already.

The danger is surely that if telecommunications companies do spy constantly on managers, military forces members, politicians and other people these people which have been “monitored” could easily become a victim of an extortion.

In summer 2008 it has been discovered that the biggest German telecommunication company has spied on journalists, managers, politicians and actually all people in Germany. The new so called Anti-Terror laws made it easily going to happen that about 82 million people in Germany are accounted as “potential terrorists” in Germany and the German military will have to fight against German citizen. Imagine the poor German soldier which will receive the order “Shoot her, shoot your grandma, daughter, neighbor as German soldiers usually follow simply the instructions which are given by commanders, “order is order”.” The German soldiers will be polite and friendly and tell their daughters, sons and grandparents: “Sorry, but order is order, I have to kill you”. As they did during they years in 1933 to 1945. German soldiers have been this brave that they have tried to attack Russia, knowing very well that there is no chance to win the war against Russia.

If there would be 82 million people terrorists in Germany this certainly could be a real threat to national security in Germany. But how realistic is it going to happen that 82 million people in Germany will be on the payroll of the Al-Qaeda network and Osama bin Laden (Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin Awaḍ bin Lādin). Does he know already about this massive rise in membership of his terror network?

Who in the world would believe that 260 million American citizen could be in the future willing to sign in as members with the Al-Qaeda network as this seems to be the thing which some political forces want us to believe. Would Osama bin Laden be able to handle this situation?

It was not a real shocking news that the German parliament has decided about one week ago that the German military known as Bundeswehr will be used in the upcoming war against democracy and demonstrators such as peace demonstrators in Germany

The German citizen or the people are used already to this circumstances, the use of the German military against citizen of Germany already since 2007. During the G8 summit in Heiligendamm military combat air craft and military combat vehicle have been used to “observe” the opposition and demonstrators against the G8 summit and many preemptive raids by massive police forces have been noticed.

Is it really a coincident only? In 1937 the German military called in the dark ages from 1933 to 1945 Wehrmacht has used against the opposition which have been not willing to support the Nazi-Terror-Regime and in many places in Germany the still so beloved the “Fuehrer – Adolf the Great”, better known as Adolf Hitler.

What people in the United States of America (U.S.A.) and in Germany might perhaps not be aware of is the fact that some so called “world elite thinkers” do believe that free thinking and free communication of any kind between many or all people has to be censored or to be prohibited.

Is this something new? Maybe or should I write “Mayday, mayday, mayday !” in the meaning of Mayday which is an emergency code word used internationally as a distress signal in voice procedure radio communications.

It derives from the French venez m’aider, meaning ‘come help me‘. It is used to signal a life-threatening emergency by many groups, such as police forces, pilots, the fire brigade, and transportation organizations. The call is always given three times in a row (”Mayday Mayday Mayday”) to prevent mistaking it for some similar-sounding phrase under noisy conditions, and to distinguish an actual mayday call from a message about a mayday call, according to wikipedia.

So far as some people do remember the speech of one known as Adolf Hitler which has sad that Germany shall be above all.

“Electric wires, high and double
Won’t let you Mom - you won’t see your daughter
So don’t believe those censored letters of mine
cause the truth is different; but don’t cry, Mom.
And if you would like to seek out your child’s trace
Don’t ask anyone, don’t knock anywhere:
look for the ashes in the fields of Auschwitz
It will be there.  But don’t cry - enough of bitterness here.
And if you would like to discover your child’s trace
look for the ashes in the fields of Birkenau
They’ll be there - so look for the ashes
In the fields of Auschwitz, in the woods of Birkenau,
Mom, look for the ashes - I’ll be there!”

As you are able to read, to censor even letters from German concentration camps is not new to people in Germany. The victims of the Nazi-Terror-Regime can tell you real stories of any kind. Monika Dombke is only one of the victims of the German Nazi Holocaust and during 1933 to 1945 millions have people have been killed.

People in Germany are even used to mass murder also. In World War II 50 million people have been slaughtered, murdered or killed. It does not really matter how you call the fact that 50 million people are dead.

During 1933 to 1945 the victims of the Nazi regime have been burned in the crematory and you should not wonder if these things still continue going to happen in the so called “good old Germany”.

Germany is no doubt so very special and perhaps it is already truly above all as Hitler during his famous speeches has declared. Germany could be so easily even above the U.S presidency .

As long as people in the United States of America do not desire to live in the future in a country which most of the American citizen do not even know, the United States of Germany with its capital city Washington, D.C., they should consider to fight as peaceful as possible for liberty, democracy, peace and justice. Otherwise 260 million American citizen will face the consequences what it means to be a slave under torture in Germany.

The U.S. magazine Forbes has published three years in continuation that the German chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel “…is the most powerful woman on earth…”. In a public speech in 2005 the German chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel has declared in the future “…will Germany not able anymore to afford the luxury of a democracy…”. Only a short time after Adolf Hitler has said a similar thing, the world was engaged in World War II.

About the up coming stone age

One of my favorite writers, Albert Einstein has made the statements: “A man’s ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. Peace cannot be kept by force. It can only be achieved by understanding. I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.“

If free communication will be censored or even forbidden, how in the world understanding shall be possible?

On November 4, 2008 it will be election day in the United States of America. Spend only 10 seconds on the strange idea that the German chancellor known as the most powerful woman on earth will take control over the U.S. presidency.  She would be the very first emperor in charge of the European Union (500 million people) and the United States of Germany (260 million people) which has been known until the year 2008 as the United States of America (U.S.A.).

Perhaps people should consider if they truly want to become an inmate of some kind of concentration camp and will end up in a crematory.

The serious question which needs to be asked: Is this world during a global financial crisis truly able to afford the luxury of country known as Germany which could be above all?

Note: Andreas Klamm, journalist and author since 1984 is the founder and director of IBS Independent Broadcasting Service Liberty (Leeds, England, United Kingdom, 1986), Radio IBS Liberty, IBS Television Liberty, British Newsflash Magazine (1986) and Grace MedCare Ltd. London, United Kingdom, (October 2006). IBS Independent Broadcasting Service Liberty is supporting international understanding since 1986 and there are hundreds of witnesses. In October 2007 with the U.S Department for Justice, Washington, D.C he has requested the change of the German citizenship into the American citizenship for reason of belief, faith, conscience and political reason. He is in opposition to the German political decisions such as the war in Iraq, Afghanistan and other places. He is against his will in Germany. Since 19 months access to any kind of medical treatment and even to dentists is not possible. He has written and published several books. His grandfather is Black-African, was a former French-Army officer and is a French citizen. His total income for the year 2007 have been 437,– Euro for the entire year. He had to pay federal tax for the total income of 437,–. Euro for an entire year in 2007. He said recently,”…that he wants NOT to support the Nazi ideology and that Human Rights or social security do count nothing in Germany. If you are poor in Germany it actually means that you are not accounted even as a human being or in other words by no means poor people have any rights in Germany. I do know what I am talking about. If I would have any rights I would be allowed to leave the country which I do in not like. Many people in Germany have a great joy to kill children, women and disabled men. After three accidents in 1993, 1994, 1995 I am physically disabled. For 22 years I have paid all tax of all kind of medical, social and even unemployment insurance and federal tax. However I do receive nothing ! Disabled and poor people have no rights and the paper the so called human rights are written on is not worth one single cent in Germany. In 2007 he was questioned by German Police. The right for defense of an attorney was denied. You see if I mean no right, I mean absolutely no human rights, even not the right to be defended by an attorney. This is Germany and you should know this. The day when G-d will judge the earth and all which dwell on this earth is coming and G-D himself will take care of these and other things. People are laughing at me and other victims but they will stop their laughter the day when G-D himself will judge all which dwell in this world. Be certain, the judge will judge, even the judges. – Nazis do bother me. It seems crystal clear all they know is how to kill children, women, poor people and disabled men…”

3mnewswire.org

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This just in…

I’ve been remiss in writing in my blogs and so I will defer to my personality profile (see badge above from signalpatterns.com) to account for my absence and use it as an excuse as well as an ego boost.  For those of you who know me, you’ll know I like to get a lot of different uses out of every single item that comes my way - going through a standard exercise of “I wonder if that could be used as…”, which is how I determined that door hinges, when the door is ajar, make great bottle openers. But I digress. 

Back to the topic, I have been busy.  Crazy schedule, odd hours, don’t always know what day/time it is busy - taking conference calls with LA and Delhi for my “day job” and also directing a 70th anniversary re-enactment of the “War of the Worlds” performance by Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre Broadcast of October 30th 1938 - which will be performed at the Carrollton Texas Public Library on Josey and Hebron in Carrollton Tx. on 10/30/08 at 7 pm.  Also preparing to attend a wedding in Seattle.  When things get busy, I always seem to get more done.  I wonder why that is?

I am sure it has to do with physics and time warping, quarks, and the viewer influencing the outcome of things by the act of viewing.  Or maybe sleep deprivation just makes it seem that way.  We’ll see.  And in the meantime, I hope to see some of you at the Carrollton Library - Story Time Room, 4220 N. Josey Lane, Carrollton Texas at 7 pm on 10/30 and if you miss it, but still want to experience the exciting performance, we have a matinee scheduled for Saturday 11/1 at 2 pm.  http://www.eventkeeper.com/code/events.cfm?curOrg=CARROLLTON&curKey2=dramatic%20re%2Denactment

I now return you to your regularly scheduled blog reading…

Prior to the “May Crisis”, Hitler appeared to be in no hurry to bring the crisis over Czechoslovakia to a conclusion. An earlier draft memorandum on “Operation Green” (the code name for the invasion of Czechoslovakia), dated 20 May 1938, indicated no immediate timetable for the operation. The events of 19-22 May 1938, however, caused Hitler to change his mind. He believed that Germany had suffered a loss of face in climbing down - or appearing to climb down - when confronted with the apparent resolution of Britain and France. An amendment to the plan was issued within a week. An accompanying covering letter from General Keitel, Chief of the Armed Forces, clearly sets a target date.

Berlin, 30 May, 1938

TOP SECRET, MILITARY
Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht
O.K.W. No. 42/38 Top Secret, Military. LI
ONLY TO BE HANDLED BY AN OFFICER
WRITTEN BY AN OFFICER

By order of the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht, part 2, section II of the directive on the combined preparations for war of the Wehrmacht of June 24, 1937 (Supreme Headquarters No. 55/37, Top Secret, Mil. LIa). (War on Two Fronts with Main Effort in the Southeast, Strategic Concentration “Green”) is to be replaced by the attached version. Its execution must be assured by October 1, 1938, at the latest.

Alterations to other parts of the directive are to be expected during the next few weeks.

Keitel
Chief of the Supreme Headquarters
of the Wehrmacht

To:
C.-in-C. Army
C.-in-C. Navy
C.-in-C. Air Force
O.K.W. Section L

[Enclosure]

Copy of 4th version

TOP SECRET, MILITARY
Appendix to: Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht O.K.W.
No.я42/38,Top Secret, Military, LIa, dated May 30, 1938.
ONLY TO BE HANDLED BY AN OFFICER
WRITTEN BY AN OFFICER

II. War on Two Fronts with Main Effort in Southeast
(Strategic Concentration “Green”)
1) Political Assumptions.

It is my unalterable decision to smash Czechoslovakia by military action in the near future. It is the business of the political leadership to await or bring about the suitable moment from a political and military point of view.

An unavoidable development of events within Czecho-slovakia, or other political events in Europe providing a suddenly favourable opportunity which may never recur, may cause me to take early action.

The proper choice and determined exploitation of a favourable moment is the surest guarantee of success. To this end preparations are to be made immediately.

2) Political Possibilities for Commencing the Operation.

The following are necessary prerequisites for the intended attack:
a) A convenient apparent excuse and, with it,
b) Adequate political justification,
c) Action not expected by the enemy which will find him in the least possible state of readiness.

Most favourable from a military as well as a political point of view would be lightning action as a result of an incident which would subject Germany to unbearable provocation, and which, in the eyes of at least a part of world opinion, affords the moral justification for military measures.

Moreover, any period of diplomatic tension prior to war must be terminated by sudden action on our part, unexpected in both timing and extent, before the enemy is so far advanced in his state of military preparedness that he cannot be overtaken.

3) Conclusions for the Preparation of Operation “Green”

a) For the military operations it is essential to make the fullest use of the surprise element as the most important factor contributing to victory, by means of appropriate preparatory measures, already in peacetime, and an unexpected swiftness of action.

Thus is it essential to create a situation within the first two or there days which demonstrate to enemy states which wish to intervene the hopelessness of the Czech military position, and also provides an incentive to those states which have territorial claims upon Czechoslovakia to join in immediately against her. In this case the intervention of Hungary and Poland against Czechoslovakia can be expected, particularly if France, as a result of Italy’s unequivocal attitude on our side, fears, or at least hesitates, to unleash an European war by intervening against Germany. In all probability attempts by Russia to give Czechoslovakia military support, particularly with her air force, are to be expected.

If concrete successes are not achieved in the first few days by land operations, a European crisis will certainly arise. Realisation of this ought to give commanders of all ranks an incentive to resolute and bold action.

b) Propaganda warfare must on the one hand intimidate the Czechs by means of threats and wear down their power of resistance; and on the other hand it must give the national racial groups indications as to how to support our military operations and influence the neutrals in our favour. Further instructions and determination of the appropriate moment are reserved to me.

4) Tasks of the Wehrmacht.

Wehrmacht preparations are to be carried out on the following principles:
a) The whole weight of all forces must be employed against Czechoslovakia.
b) In the West, a minimum strength is to be provided as cover for our rear, as may become necessary; the other frontiers in the East against Poland and Lithuania are only to be held defensively; the southern frontier to remain under observation.
c) The army formations capable of rapid employment must force the frontier fortifications with speed and energy, and must break very boldly into Czechoslovakia in the certainty that the bulk of the mobile army will be brought up with all possible speed.

Preparations for this are to be made and timed in such a way that the army formations most capable of rapid movement cross the frontier at the appointed time simultaneously with the penetration by the Luftwaffe, before the enemy can become aware of our mobilisation.

To this end a timetable is to be drawn up by the Army and Luftwaffe in conjunction with O.K.W. and submitted to me for approval.

5) Tasks for the services of the Wehrmacht.

a) Army

The basic principle of surprise attack on Czechoslovakia must not be endangered by the time unavoidably needed for transporting the bulk of the field army by rail, nor must the more rapid deployment of the Luftwaffe fail to be exploited.

The first task for the Army is therefore to employ as many assault columns as possible simultaneously with the attack by the Luftwaffe.

These assault columns organised in conformity with their tasks, must be composed of troops which can be rapidly employed because of their proximity to the frontier, their motorisation, and their special measures of readiness.

It must be the purpose of these thrusts to break into the Czech fortified lines at numerous points and in a strategically favourable direction, in order to penetrate them or to take them from the rear. For success, cooperation with the Sudeten German frontier population, with deserters from the Czechoslovak Army, with parachutists or airborne troops, and with units of the sabotage service is of importance.

The bulk of the Army has the task of frustrating the Czech defence plan, preventing a withdrawal by the Czech Army into Slovakia, forcing it to battle and defeating it, and swiftly occupying Bohemia and Moravia. To this end a thrust into the heart of Czechoslovakia must be made with the strongest possible mechanised and armoured units, exploiting the first successes of the assault columns and the effects of the Luftwaffe action.

The rear cover provided for the West must be limited in quantity and quality in accordance with the existing state of the fortifications.

Whether the formations assigned for this purpose will be at once transferred to the western frontier, or held back for the time being, will be decided by my special order.

Preparations must, however, be made to enable security detachments to be brought up to the western frontier, even during the strategic concentration “Green”. Independently of this, a first security garrison must be improvised from the engineers and formations of the Labour Corps employed at the time on the construction of fortifications.

The remaining frontiers, as well as East Prussia, are only to be weakly guarded. According to the political situation, however, the transport of a part or the bulk of the active forces in East Prussia by sea to the Reich must be envisaged.

b) Luftwaffe.

While leaving a minimum force for a defensive role in the West, the main strength of the Luftwaffe is to employed for a surprise attack against Czechoslovakia. The frontier is to be crossed by aircraft at the same time as it is crossed by the first units of the Army (see No. 5a). The most important task of the Luftwaffe is the destruction of the Czech Air Striking Force and its supply bases in the shortest possible time, to prevent its employment and, should the case arise, that of the Russian and French Air Forces, against the German Army during its deployment and invasion and against the German Lebensraum.

The paralysing of mobilisation, of the conduct of civil affairs and the direction of the armed forces, as well as delaying the deployment of the Czech Army by attacks on its communications system and on centres of mobilisation and government, will also be of vital importance for the initial success of the Army. Where in the frontier region stronger Czech Army formations or the depth of the defence system may render a speedy and successful break-through of the German land attack doubtful, the employment of adequate air formations must be ensured.

As far as the course of operations at all permits, Czechoslovak industrial establishments are to be spared.

Reprisal attacks upon the population are subject to my approval.

Main centres for anti-aircraft defence are to be organised in Berlin, the industrial region of Central Germany, and the Ruhr district, and are to be gradually prepared from now in an inconspicuous fashion.

c) Navy

The Navy will take part in the operation of the Army by the employment of the Danube flotilla. For this purpose the flotilla is placed under the command of the Commander in Chief of the Army.

As regards the conduct of naval warfare, at first only such measures are to be taken as seem necessary for securing the North See and the Baltic against a surprise intervention by other states in the conflict. These measures are to be limited to the absolute essentials. Their concealment must be ensured. In this it is of decisive importance to avoid all actions which might adversely affect the political attitude of the European Great Powers.

6) Economic warfare tasks.

In economic warfare it is essential that in the sphere of the armament industry a maximum deployment of forces should be made possible through increased supplies.

In the course of military operations it is important to help to increase the total economic war effort by rapidly collecting information about important factories and setting them going again as soon as possible.

For this reason the sparing, as far as military operations permit, of Czech industrial and engineering establishments may be of decisive importance to us.

7) All preparations for sabotage and insurrection will be made by O.K.W. They will be made in agreement with and according to the requirements of the branches of the Wehrmacht so that their effects in both time and place will harmonise with operations by the Army and Luftwaffe.

Adolf Hitler

Certified true copy
Zeitzler
Lieut. Colonel, General Staff

Source: Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. II. Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1950 © Crown copyright.

For more information on the Crisis over Czechoslovakia: March - September 1938 please visit:Department of Modern History, University of St Andrews

David Davis

After yesterday:-

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and the leaders of France and Italy made a pact with Adolf Hitler in Munich, September 30, 1938, to let Germany annex a portion of Czechoslovakia in exchange for a promise of peace.

When Hitler reneges and invades Poland in 1939, the Munich agreement is recognized as futile appeasement, and World War II in on.

Liberals have not changed. They are still cowards who prefer surrender to freedom.

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Dacunto, 1944 (o penúltimo em pé, da esq. para a dir., no jogo do título contra o Peixe, na Vila)

Mário Sérgio (o último agachado) e o timaço de 84 do Verdão

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