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<channel>
	<title>1848 &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/1848/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "1848"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jul 2008 12:57:23 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

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<title><![CDATA[La Rivoluzione del 1848 nell'Impero Asburgico: un archivio digitale]]></title>
<link>http://filosofiastoria.wordpress.com/?p=331</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:44:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>EF</dc:creator>
<guid>http://filosofiastoria.wordpress.com/?p=331</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
La Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (ÖNB) ha avviato nel 2005 un progetto di digitalizzazione c]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://filosofiastoria.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/brand_josefsplz.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-332" src="http://filosofiastoria.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/brand_josefsplz.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="270" height="203" /></a></p>
<p>La <a href="http://www.onb.ac.at/onbarchiv/flu/1848/index.htm" target="_blank">Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (ÖNB)</a> ha avviato nel 2005 un progetto di digitalizzazione che consente l'accesso alle fonti primarie per lo studio della rivoluzione che scosse l'Impero Absburgico nel 1848.</p>
<p>L'Archivio contiene le seguenti tipologie di materiale:</p>
<ul>
<li>Volantini (fogli stampati su una faccia o su due)</li>
<li>Opuscoli (Brossure di più pagine)</li>
<li>Manifesti, affissioni murali di grande formato (per la maggior parte avvisi amministrativi o militari)</li>
<li>Litografie di manoscritti (p. e. disposizioni militari)</li>
<li>Giornali (numeri singoli)</li>
<li>Opere grafiche</li>
</ul>
<p>Al momento non è possibile effettuare ricerche dirette di singoli documenti per Autore e Titolo. La ricerca va effettuata selezionando una data sul calendario oppure una delle aree geografiche (Vienna, Terre della Corona, Ungheria, Lombardo-Veneto, Germania): i documenti così recuperati posso essere visualizzati in formato immagine e "sfogliati" pagina per pagina.  La ricerca cronologica offre il link diretto alla riproduzione digitale dei giornali pubblicati in un determinato giorno.</p>
<p>URL: &#60;<a href="http://www.onb.ac.at/onbarchiv/flu/1848/index.htm" target="_blank">http://www.onb.ac.at/onbarchiv/flu/1848/index.htm</a>&#62;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[26 iunie, Ziua Drapelului]]></title>
<link>http://romaniatotalitara.wordpress.com/?p=143</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2008 11:27:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>epimeteu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://romaniatotalitara.wordpress.com/?p=143</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Drapelul tricolor este un „stindard al libertăţii”; este simbolul luptei impotriva tiraniei! ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_YCIZw3PQEbQ/SGN747RSfTI/AAAAAAAAAK4/Gg-svv5FcQ8/s1600-h/450px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png"><img style="display:block;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;margin:0 auto 10px;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_YCIZw3PQEbQ/SGN747RSfTI/AAAAAAAAAK4/Gg-svv5FcQ8/s400/450px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" border="0" alt="" /></a>
<div style="text-align:justify;">Drapelul tricolor este un „stindard al libertăţii”; este simbolul luptei impotriva tiraniei! Ziua Drapelului Naţional a fost instituită pentru a marca ziua de <a title="26 iunie" href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_iunie">26 iunie</a> <a title="1848" href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848">1848</a>, când Guvernul revoluţionar a decretat ca <a title="Tricolorul" href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricolorul">Tricolorul</a> - roşu, galben şi albastru - să reprezinte steagul naţional al tuturor românilor.</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Bucureşti: expoziţia "Revoluţia română de la 1848" organizată de Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României]]></title>
<link>http://cimec.wordpress.com/?p=241</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 09:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cimec</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cimec.wordpress.com/?p=241</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Miercuri, 11 iunie, ora 13, vernisaj expoziţia &#8220;Revoluţia română de la 1848&#8243;, cu oca]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Miercuri, 11 iunie, ora 13, vernisaj expoziţia "Revoluţia română de la </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;"><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1848", cu ocazia implinirii a 160 de ani de la revoluţia paşoptistă. </span></strong><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--></span></strong><!--more--><a href="http://cimec.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/mnir1.jpg"></a>
</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-111 aligncenter" src="http://cimec.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/mnir1.jpg" alt="Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României" width="480" height="117" /></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Cu ocazia împlinirii a 160 de ani de la evenimentele paşoptiste, expoziţia "<em>Revoluţia română de la 1848</em>" organizată de Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României în colaborare cu Muzeul Olteniei Craiova, se adresează publicului larg, propunându-şi să marcheze cele mai importante etape ale acestui proces fundamental, care a stat la baza României moderne.</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent:36pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Vernisajul va avea loc miercuri, 11 iunie, ora 13.00, la Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României din Calea Victoriei nr.12, Hol Central, în prezenţa domnului Secretar General în Ministerul Culturii şi Cultelor - dr. Virgil Niţulescu şi a domnului Academician Dan Berindei, reputat istoric.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Un ajutor neprecupeţit în reuşita acestei iniţiative îl constituie bogatul şi sugestivul patrimoniu deţinut de cele două instituţii muzeale, fie că ne referim la documente de valoare precum originalul Proclamaţiei de la Islaz, de obiecte tridimensionale cum sunt drapelele tricolore purtate în Transilvania şi în Ţara Românească de revoluţionari, armament folosit de oastea populară condusă de Avram Iancu şi mai ales de obiecte personale ale unora dintre conducătorii revoluţiei între care merită amintite sigiliul şi paharul tricolor ce au aparţinut lui Nicolae Bălcescu, costumul şi mantia purtate de Ion Eliade Rădulescu în timpul revoluţiei, sabia lui Avram Iancu şi un portret mai puţin cunoscut al său atribuit lui Mişu Popp ş.a. Expoziţia cuprinde documente, tipărituri, fotografii, cărţi poştale ilustrare, armament, mobilier, textile, sculpturi, picturi şi grafică, medalii, sigilii şi plachete şi diverse obiecte care au aparţinut revoluţionarilor.</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Expoziţia este însoţită de un reuşit catalog, adevărat instrument de lucru pentru cunoscători, necesar însă şi celor mai puţin avizaţi, dar iubitori de istorie.</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">În anul 1848 o mare parte a continentului european a intrat într-un proces revoluţionar, care avea să deschidă un nou capitol în istoria omenirii. Societatea românească, aflată în plină transformare şi modernizare, nu a făcut excepţie, ea integrându-se în proiectul de înnoire europeană din acele vremuri.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Pleiada fruntaşilor Revoluţiei române de la 1848, reprezentată de personalităţi ca Nicolae Bălcescu, Avram Iancu, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Simion Bărnuţiu, Vasile Alecsandri, C.A. Rosetti, Ion C. Brătianu şi alţii a intrat în istoria românilor sub numele de revoluţionari paşoptişti.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Prima parte a expoziţiei tratează preliminariile şi începutul revoluţiei. Desfăşurarea revoluţiei şi înfăptuirile ei sunt prezentate în a doua parte a expoziţiei, sub binecunoscuta deviză "<em>Egalitate, Fraternitate, Dreptate</em>".</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Ultimele două părţi ale expoziţiei sunt dedicate acţiunilor de apărare a revoluţiei în Munţii Apuseni de către legiunile româneşti conduse de Avram Iancu, Axente Sever, Ioan Buteanu şi începutul drumului către unirea şi independenţa românilor.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Cu speranţa că expoziţia "<em>Revoluţia română de la 1848</em>"reprezintă o reuşită, vă invităm să o vizitaţi şi să redescoperim împreună o pagină din istoria României. Expoziţia este deschisă până în septembrie, de miercuri până duminica între orele 10 – 18, iar joia între orele 12 – 20.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">Detalii la telefon 021</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">/3158207/int.1008 (Dep. Rela</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">ţii Publice) sau e-mail</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;"><a href="mailto:pr@mnir.ro"><span lang="FR">pr@mnir.ro</span></a></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;">, <a href="http://www.mnir.ro/">www.mnir.ro</a>.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://cimec.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/afis_mnir_1848.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-242" src="http://cimec.wordpress.com/files/2008/06/afis_mnir_1848.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="676" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Legenda “carului cu proşti”]]></title>
<link>http://blogideologic.wordpress.com/?p=283</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 13:16:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>blogideologic</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blogideologic.wordpress.com/?p=283</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Un  pasaj enigmatic din  ‘Biblicele’ lui Heliad  se referea la faptul că Ţara Românească ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Un<span>  </span>pasaj enigmatic din<span>  </span>‘Biblicele’ lui Heliad<span>  </span>se referea la faptul că Ţara Românească ar fi<span>  </span>fost întemeiată<span>  </span>la fel ca Israelul Vechiului Testament. Iară<span>  </span>Radul Negru, cum îl numea Ioan Eliade Rădulescu pe cel dintâi Basarab, ar fi împărţit la început Ţara Românească<span>   </span>în douăsprezece<span>  </span>judeţe,<span>  </span>după modelul celor douăsprezece triburi ale lui Israel, fiecare judeţ românesc însemnând de fapt un trib românesc: <em>‘Radul Negru fu nevoit a constitui pe Români ca pe Israel.’<span>  </span></em>Cel mai notoriu dintre ‘triburile româneşti’ ale Noului Israel<span>  </span>fiind cel chemat Romanaţii. Judeţul Romanaţi<span>  </span>avea capitala la Caracal. Îmi amintesc că la o emisiune despre Caracal pe Realitatea TV, unde participau<span>  </span>Gabriel Liiceanu şi Marius Tucă, legenda ‘La Caracal s-a răsturnat carul cu proşti’ era <span> </span>împinsă la anul 1848 şi se referea, în acea emisiune, la revoluţionarii ce veneau de la Câmpia Izlaz. Fals! Dar nici Gabriel Liiceanu, nici<span>  </span>Marius Tucă, <span> </span>nu au protestat. Revoluţionarii anului 1848 de la Caracal chiar se considerau poporul ales! Legenda ‘La Caracal s-a răsturnat carul cu proşti’ se naşte abia după Congresul de la Berlin din anul 1878, consecutiv războiului de la 1877. <span> </span>Atunci Benjamin Disraeli reuşea să impună clauza împământenirii evreilor ashkenaze care veneau din Galiţia. Ei reuşesc în Moldova. Nu reuşeau în Oltenia. Evreii <span> </span>împământeniţi în România<span>  </span>aveau propria lor întreprindere capitalistă de transporturi pentru călători. În mod misterios, diligenţele lor se stricau la Caracal, tocmai când intraseră în Oltenia. Era un caz clar de sabotaj, chiar caz de antisemitism. Însă poliţia română nu găsea niciodată vinovaţii (deşi îi ştia prea bine). A fost nevoie de curajul unui om precum Iulius Popper să vina să îşi facă o casă în Caracal. Apoi Iulius Popper a plecat să exploreze pe aiurea. El este un personaj amintit <span> </span>în ‘Anaconda’ lui Horacio Quiroga. Iar explorarea Ţării de Foc şi găsirea aurului <span> </span>de către Iulius Popper îi servea<span>  </span>lui Radu Tudoran ca pretext pentru construirea unui<span>  </span>episod din Toate pânzele sus! Oricum, l-am văzut pe Marius Tucă tratându-l cu extrem dispreţ la Antena 1 pe intelectualul evreu Dorel Dorian, un om de vastă cultură şi care purta totdeauna o conversaţie absolut încântătoare în Limba Română! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0 0 10pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Titus Filipas</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Retro Unknown presents Sierra Classics that Time Forgot - Part III - Gold Rush!]]></title>
<link>http://thehealingtouch.wordpress.com/?p=695</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 13:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>beeslo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thehealingtouch.wordpress.com/?p=695</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
by Beeslo
(There&#8217;s gold in them there hills!!!)
I know its been a long time since Part II, bu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-577" src="http://thehealingtouch.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/drgonzoavy2.jpg" alt="\" width="100" height="100" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">by Beeslo</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">(There's gold in them there hills!!!)</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">I know its been a long time since Part II, but with the release of GTA IV (which I'll be doing a Retro Review of in 20 years) and other personal matters, I had to put this article on the back burner. But that was then and this is now, so I proudly present Part III of...</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-578" src="http://thehealingtouch.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/retro-unknown-sign.jpg" alt="Retro Unknown" width="320" height="240" /></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Ah, another classic Sierra text adventure presented in 3-D!!! Well perhaps thats not exactly right. Very much in the same vein as King's Quest, this is what was considered 3-D gameplay back in the day. Back in 1988, we got our history lessons from not a teacher, what do they know? But from a computer game made by Sierra Online. Granted there was one and only one topic we could learn about considering only one game was made but none the less, as children we all were very well versed in the time period that was the...</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-696" src="http://thehealingtouch.wordpress.com/files/2008/04/gold_rush.jpg" alt="" width="368" height="458" /></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">This game was indeed a sleeper hit at its time and has since faded away, being overshadowed by other Sierra classics released at that time like King's Quest IV. But like Codename: ICEMAN (which we looked at last time), this game was overly complicated at times falling on you to know certain protocols that were followed in 1848. At times this game makes you think of Oregon Trail (anyone old enough to remember that one?) especially when the game makes you plan out your trip to California and securing supplies for the journey. Set out into the frontier without a certain piece of equipment, well you will be screwed my friend. Think you can make it all the way to California without running into masked thieves who wish to pillage you of all your goods, well look at the freakin' game box and you can plainly see that that is a possibility. But all is not so complicated. In fact the game does a pretty good job operating like the other Sierra adventure games of the time. For 1988, the graphics and animations in this game were some of the best and the music was pretty great too (well, music generated by the PC...this was before Sound Cards, people).</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/FfmCuBnWbU4'></param><param name='wmode' value='transparent'></param><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/FfmCuBnWbU4&rel=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' wmode='transparent' width='425' height='350'></embed></object></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Honestly, this game is a good example of the adventure games of old, much before that new fangled point and click interface came into being. It was games like this that not only expanded your mind as far as history went but also improved your vocabulary and typing skills. Heck, I learned to read and write partly because of these types of games and this game was one of the first instances I learned of the "gold rush" period. If you can find this game or other Sierra classics like it, I highly recommend you play them. They are worth every moment.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Stay tunes for Part IV....</strong></span><span style="color:#000000;"> (which will be next week, swearsies!)</span></p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://digg.com/pc_games/Sierra_Classics_Time_Forgot_Part_III_Gold_Rush"><img src="http://healingtouch.scvs4hire.com/images/blog/diggpng.png" border="0" alt="" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[160 de ani de la Marea Adunare Naţională de la Blaj]]></title>
<link>http://bataiosu.wordpress.com/?p=537</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 03 May 2008 12:41:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bătăiosu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bataiosu.wordpress.com/?p=537</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La 3 mai se împlinesc 160 de ani de la Marea Adunare Naţională de la Blaj, pe Câmpia Libertăţi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La 3 mai se împlinesc 160 de ani de la Marea Adunare Naţională de la Blaj, pe Câmpia Libertăţii, în cadrul căreia românii ardeleni au adoptat programul Revoluţiei Române din Transilvania: "Petiţiunea Naţională".</p>
<p>La Marea Adunare Naţională de la Blaj, din 1848, au participat circa 100.000 de români de pe întregul teritoriu al Transilvaniei. Potrivit aprecierii învăţatului sas Stephan Ludwig Roth, inimile ardelenilor au început să bată puternic, la unison, cu inimile româneşti de la Bucureşti şi Iaşi.</p>
<p>"Ardealul nu mai este Ardeal, ci România". Avram Iancu se adresa participanţilor spunând: "Uitaţi-vă pe câmp, românilor suntem mulţi ca cucuruzul brazilor, suntem mulţi şi tari".</p>
<p>În primele ore ale dimineţii de 3/15 mai 1848 a avut loc ceremonialul de constituire a Adunării Naţionale: alegerea celor doi preşedinţi - Andrei Şaguna şi Ioan Lemeni, episcopii ortodox, respectiv unit. A doua zi, Adunarea a adoptat "Petiţia Naţională", program al Revoluţiei Române din Transilvania: "Naţiunea română, răzimată pe principiul libertăţii, egalităţii şi fraternităţii, pretinde indipendinţa sa naţională în respectul politic ca să figureze în numele său ca naţiune română, să-şi aibă reprezentanţii săi la dieta ţării în proporţie cu numărul său, să-şi aibă dregătorii săi în toate ramurile administrative, judecătoreşti şi militare în aceeaşi proporţiune, să se servească cu limba sa în toate trebile ce se ating de dânsa, atât în legislaţiune, cât şi în administraţiune. Ea pretinde în tot anul o adunare naţională generală".</p>
<p>Programul cuprindea şi alte obiective: independenţa Bisericilor româneşti, ortodoxă şi greco-catolică, restabilirea Mitropoliei române, libertatea industrială şi comercială, desfiinţarea cenzurii, libertatea personală şi a întrunirilor ş.a. Un loc aparte l-a ocupat problema agrară: "Naţiunea română ajunsă la conştiinţa drepturilor individuale cere fără întârziere desfiinţarea de iobăgie fără nici o despăgubire din partea ţăranilor iobagi...".</p>
<p>Articolul final al Petiţiei Naţionale sublinia poziţia românilor faţă de dorinţa maghiarilor de a alipi Transilvania la Ungaria: "Naţiunea română cere ca naţiunile conlocuitoare nicicum să nu ia la desbatere causa uniunii Transilvaniei cu Ungaria, până când naţiunea română nu va fi naţiune constitută şi organisată cu vot deliberativ şi decisiv, representată în Camera legislativă; iar, din contră, dacă dieta Transilvaniei ar voi totuşi a se slobozi la pertractarea aceleaiaşi uniuni de noi fără noi, atunci naţiunea română protestează cu solemnitate".</p>
<p>Adunarea de la Blaj a contribuit decisiv la desăvârşirea programului revoluţionar comun al tuturor românilor.</p>
<p>sursa:<a href="http://www.rompres.ro/full_medianews.php"> ROMPRES</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Brotherhood of Alcoholics plans to return New Mexico, California, Nevada, and Arizona, to Mexico]]></title>
<link>http://haecus.wordpress.com/?p=289</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 05 Apr 2008 19:02:13 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>haecus</dc:creator>
<guid>http://haecus.wordpress.com/?p=289</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Company &#8216;gives away&#8217; Southwest to Mexico. Vodka ad shows &#8216;Absolut world&#8217; in ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:xx-small;"><strong>Company 'gives away' Southwest to Mexico. Vodka ad shows 'Absolut world' in which California, Arizona, others secede.  A new ad for Absolut vodka reconfigures North America according to the aspirations of many Mexicans, who believe the U.S. Southwest was stolen and should be returned.  Over a redrawn map of the U.S., the ad by the Swedish Absolut Spirits Co. declares, "In an Absolut World," noted columnist and blogger Michelle Malkin.  Major Hispanic civil rights groups in the U.S., such as the National Council of La Raza, are tied to movements advocating a "reconquista," or reconquest, of territory lost when Mexico signed the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War.  Malkin points out the Mexico City-based firm that created the ad, Teran, says its philosophy is advocating "disruption" as a "tool for change" and "agent of growth." The firm encourages "overturning assumptions and prejudices that get in the way of imagining new possibilities and visionary ideas that help create a larger share of the future."  As WND reported in 2006, Rep. Charles Norwood, R-Ga., called on La Raza to renounce its support of the Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan – which sees "The Race" as part of an ethnic group that one day will reclaim Aztlan, the mythical birthplace of the Aztecs. In Chicano folklore, Aztlan includes California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Texas.  In 2002, a prominent Chicano activist and University of California at Riverside professor, Armando Navarro, told WND he believed secession is inevitable if demographic and social trends continue.  "If in 50 years most of our people are subordinated, powerless, exploited and impoverished, then I will say to you that there are all kinds of possibilities for movements to develop like the ones that we've witnessed in the last few years all over the world, from Yugoslavia to Chechnya," Navarro said.  "A secessionist movement is not something that you can put away and say it is never going to happen in the United States," he contended. "Time and history change." Navarro said one could argue "that while Mexico lost the war in 1848, it will probably win it in the 21st century, in terms of the numbers," "But that is not a reality based on what Mexico does, it's based on what this country does," he insisted.  In a 1995 speech to Chicano activists, Navarro said demographic trends are leading to "a transfer of power" to the ethnic Mexican community in the Southwest. He notes that most studies show that within the next 20 to 30 years Latinos will comprise more than 50 percent of the population of California. This fact, and other cultural and social developments, are opening the door for "self-determination" and even "the idea of an Aztlan," he said in his speech.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:xx-small;"><strong><a href="http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&#38;pageId=60642">http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&#38;pageId=60642</a></strong></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[160 Jahre Märzrevolution! Heraus zum 18. März!]]></title>
<link>http://aufrechtgehen.wordpress.com/?p=183</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2008 10:54:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>aufrechtgehen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://aufrechtgehen.wordpress.com/?p=183</guid>
<description><![CDATA[

 Dramatische Szene aus der 48er Revolution
 Freiheit - Gleichheit - Brüderlichkeit &#8230;&#8230;]]></description>
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<div align="center"><img src="http://aufrechtgehen.wordpress.com/files/2008/03/48er-rev.jpg" alt="48er-rev.jpg" /></div>
<p align="center"> Dramatische Szene aus der 48er Revolution</p>
<p align="center"> <b>Freiheit - Gleichheit - Brüderlichkeit .......... trotz alledem</b></p>
<p align="center"><b>Für Demokratische Tradition und Revolutionären Geist</b></p>
<p align="justify">Die deutsche Geschichte ist nicht reich an Daten, die für Freiheit und Demokratie stehen. Unter diesen wenigen Daten nimmt der 18. März 1848 einen hervorragenden Platz ein. Am 18. März 1848 kapitulierte das Militär des preußischen Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV. vor den Kämpfern für Freiheit und Demokratie. Die Märzrevolution war Teil einer europaweiten Bewegung gegen die alten Feudalmächte. Diese Epoche wird als Völkerfrühling bezeichnet. An den Geist dieser Zeit gilt es anzuknüpfen. Der 160. Jahrestag sollte Anlaß sein, den 18. März zum nationalen Gedenktag in Deutschland zu erklären.</p>
<p align="center"><b>160 Jahre Märzrevolution - 30 Jahre "Aktion 18. März"</b></p>
<p>Seit 1978 streitet die "<a href="http://www.maerzrevolution.de"><b>Aktion 18. März</b></a>" für die Erinnerung an die Zeit, in der für Freiheit und Demokratie gekämpft wurde. Folgendes hat sie erreicht:</p>
<p>Der Platz vor dem Brandenburger Tor heißt jetzt Platz des 18. März Zwölf Gedenktafeln in Berlin erinnern an Barrikadenstandorte Der 18. März wurde in den Berliner Flaggenkalender aufgenommen.</p>
<p>Jetzt gilt es, alle Kraft daran zu setzen, dass der 18. März offizieller Gedenktag mit dem Titel "Tag der Märzvevolution" wird. Die Chancen stehen nicht schlecht. Volksvertreter aller Parteien unterstützen den Vorschlag. Der Bundespräsident ist formal für Gedenktage zuständig. Der "Tag der Märzrevolution" macht aber nur dann Sinn, wenn er nach breiter Diskussion wirklich von den Menschen in Deutschland (und Europa) gewünscht wird.</p>
<p align="center"><b>Gedenkstunde auf dem Platz des 18. März am Dienstag, dem 18.03.2008 um 15 Uhr</b></p>
<p align="center">Begrüßung: <b>Dr. Christian Hanke</b>, Bezirksbürgermeister</p>
<p align="center">Grußworte: <b>Dr. Dr. h.c. Hanna Renate Laurien</b>, Parlamentspräsidentin a.D., Lied: <i>Die Gedanken sind frei</i></p>
<p align="center"><b>Prof. Dr. Beatrice Ziegler</b>, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Lied: <i>Bürgerlied</i> und <i>Die Freie Republik</i></p>
<p align="center"><b>Günther Oettinger</b>, Ministerpräsident Baden Württemberg - überbracht von Dr. Claus-Peter Clostermeyer, Landesvertretung, Lied: <i>German-Mix</i> (nur Chor);</p>
<p align="center"><b>Dr. Martin Lindner</b>, MdA Berlin, Lied: <i>Kinderhymne</i></p>
<p align="center">------------------------------------</p>
<p align="center"><b>Kranzniederlegung auf dem Friedhof der Märzgefallenen am Dienstag, dem 18.03.2008 um 17 Uhr</b></p>
<p align="center">Begrüßung: <b>Dr. Franz Schulz</b>, Bezirksbürgermeister</p>
<p align="center">Grußworte:</p>
<p align="center"><b>Karin Seidel-Kalmutzki</b>, Vizepräsidentin des Abgeordnetenhauses, Lied: König von Peußen und Trotz alledem</p>
<p align="center"><b>Lothar Bisky</b>, MdB, Lied: Zogen einst fünf wilde Schwäne</p>
<p align="center"><b>Michael Cramer</b>, MdE, SzenischeDarstellungen von Schülern, Lied: Kinderhymne</p>
<p align="center">Gilt für beide Veranstaltungen:</p>
<p align="center">Moderation und Schlußwort <b>Volker Schröder</b>, "Aktion 18. März"</p>
<p align="center">Gemeinsames Singen unter Anleitung von <b>Bettina Kurella</b></p>
<p align="center">...............................................................</p>
<p align="center">Mehr zum Thema:</p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.maerzrevolution.de"><b>Aktion 18. März</b></a></p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.historiale.de"><b>Historiale e.V.</b></a></p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.deutscherdom.de"><b>Deutscher Dom in Berlin</b></a></p>
<p align="center">----------------------------------</p>
<p align="center"><b>Letzte Meldung:</b></p>
<p align="center">Das Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin hat einstimmig parteiübergreifend beschlossen, sich für den18. März als nationalen Gedenktag einzusetzen. Am Freitag, dem 14. März wird um 18 Uhr im Abgeordnetenhaus eine Gedenkveranstaltung stattfinden. Rüdiger Hachtmann wird den Festvortrg halten. Weitere Infos dazu unter 030 - 23 25 10 61</p>
<p align="center">&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Nevoia de "dascăli de Românie"]]></title>
<link>http://blogideologic.wordpress.com/?p=236</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 09 Mar 2008 03:31:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>blogideologic</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blogideologic.wordpress.com/?p=236</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Pe pagina a doua a ziarului România liberă din 4 iulie 2002, la rubrica VITRINA / Cărţi  de în]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Pe pagina a doua a ziarului România liberă din 4 iulie 2002, la rubrica VITRINA / Cărţi<span>  </span>de învăţătură, era<span>   </span>prezentată lucrarea filosofului Gheorghe Vlăduţescu, intitulată „Neconvenţional, despre filozofia românească”, propusă <span> </span>cititorilor în limba română<span>  </span>de editura Paideia. Din textul neutru de prezentare, semnat cu iniţialele N.P.,<span>  </span>aflam despre carte că „este o lucrare care propune o privire nouă asupra gândirii<span>  </span>filozofice româneşti. Profesorul Gheorghe Vladuţescu identifică <span> </span>patru secţiuni ale filozofiei româneşti : „Cele trei începuturi” : Dimitrie Cantemir, Samoil Micu şi Titu Maiorescu ; apoi „Direcţia nouă. Maiorescienii” : P.P.Negulescu, C. Rădulescu-Motru, Ion Petrovici şi Mircea Florian ; „Noua spiritualitate” : Nae Ionescu, Mircea Eliade, Mircea Vulcanescu, Emil Cioran, Constantin Noica şi Vasile Băncilă ; şi, în sfârşit, „Independenţii” : Vasile Conta, Camil Petrescu, I.D. Gherea, D.D. Roşca şi Lucian Blaga”. </font></span></p>
<p><span><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"></p>
<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span>Referitor la filosofia românească,<span>  </span>e greu să afirmi şi că există,<span>  </span>şi că nu există, domnul N.P. avea dreptate să se menţină neutru asupra cărţii. Căci filosofarea nu-i<span>  </span>doar o filo-implicare şi dezbatere asupra altor filosofi,<span>  </span>ceea ce fac îndeobşte „filosofii români” ; ea presupune originalitate conceptuală, atacarea unor teme noi, ori a unor teme vechi cu tehnici noi. Nici una dintre alternative nu-i<span>  </span>remarcabil de prezentă<span>  </span>în spaţiul filosofic românesc, dar nu această abordare a problemei este esenţială pentru viaţa<span>  </span>culturală de la noi din ţară, ci doar măsura în care un filon de filosofare autentică devine sursă pentru acţiunea intelectuală în arealul limbii române. Chiar şi domnul Zigu Ornea se ridica împotriva celor care încercau<span>  </span>să trateze dispreţuitor, - dacă<span>  </span>nu chiar să elimine total, aşa cum face profesorul Gheorghe Vlăduţescu -, "literaturo-centrismul" atunci când analizează istoria filosofării româneşti : "Să observ că acest literaturo-centrism e o stare de fapt generalizată, practic, în lume, peste tot avînd preeminenţa acei cugetători care creeaza şi în spaţiul literaturii sau au contingenţă cu ea".<span>  </span>Or, aici observăm că domnul profesor Gheorghe Vlăduţescu dă dovadă de acea „înţeleaptă” reţinere pe care o arată orice universitar român cu<span>  </span>mare grijă <span> </span>pentru succesul carierei sale academice : teama constantă de a nu părea, şi de a nu se transforma, într-un cărturar român ! Îl<span>  </span>putem asigura că nu trebuie să-şi facă vreun fel de griji în privinţa aceasta : în nici un moment al discursului său, incluzând<span>  </span>şi<span>  </span>textele altor cărţi mai vechi semnate de domnia-sa, profesorul Gheorghe Vlăduţescu nu riscă<span>  </span>să pară ceea ce nici nu este de fapt, adică un cărturar roman. Nu, pur şi simplu domnul Gheorghe Vlăduţescu este un universitar de mare succes în viaţa academică superficială din România.<span>  </span></span></p>
<p><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span></p>
<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span>De-ar fi fost cu adevărat şi cărturar român, atunci când editează<span>  </span>în anul de graţie 2002 o carte purtând un asemenea titlu, ar fi fost tentat să scrie măcar o pagină despre filosofia care l-a ghidat, cu atâta succes, pe Ioan Eliade Rădulescu (1802 - 1872) la întreprinderea sa de trezire românească. În vremea marelui om, şi nu doar atunci, acţiunea socială era, dacă nu total identică, atunci<span>  </span>într-o foarte mare măsură congruentă cu<span>  </span>acţiunea naţională, vezi răscoala-revoluţie a lui Tudor Vladimirescu de la 1821, - prin comparaţie, ceea ce s-a întâmplat la 1907 este de neînţeles chiar şi acum,<span>  </span>în contextul unei analize în care ar fi implicate doar forţe şi cauze pur româneşti -, o acţiune care, după<span>  </span>redeşteptarea neamului de către panduri, va fi mereu culturală. Ioan Eliade Rădulescu<span>  </span>devine<span>  </span>ideologul acestei mişcări naţionale după uciderea lui Tudor, plecarea lui Gheorghe Lazăr, şi până la exilul în care l-a aruncat rolul său de tribun al mişcării de la 1848. De altminteri principala sa grijă la 1848<span>  </span>a fost de a-i împiedica pe "căuzaşi" să devină "revoluţionari", adică<span>  </span>să comită excese ; căci "schimbarea domnilor" a însemnat întotdeauna la noi<span>  </span>"bucuria nebunilor". Iar<span>  </span>acea grijă ne arată un doctrinar ideologic primar dar nu primitiv, creat chiar în sensul originar al cuvântului ideologie, căci Ioan Eliade Rădulescu<span>  </span>a gândit, - repet, a gândit, un act cu totul neobişnuit chiar şi pentru mulţi dintre politicienii zilelor noastre -, un program de acţiune practică<span>  </span>într-un sistem comprehensiv de<span>  </span>idei europene învăţate din textele filosofice ale lui Étienne Bonnot de Condillac şi Destutt de Tracy. </span></p>
<p><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></p>
<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span>Sistemul lui ideologic datorează infinit mai puţin, trebuie să subliniem aceasta, deşi formele "societăţilor secrete" din principate şi culorile tricolorului ne-ar putea deruta, influenţelor distrugătoarei<span>  </span>Revoluţii Franceze. Este posibil însă ca lipsa totală de interes faţă<span>  </span>de Ioan Eliade Rădulescu pe care o arată profesorul Gheorghe Vlăduţescu, deci faţă<span>  </span>de filosofia care a călăuzit acţiunea culturală <span> </span>a lui Ioan Eliade Rădulescu, să <span> </span>se datoreze unui respect exacerbat celor zise, mai deunăzi, de mult-regretatul Zigu Ornea : "Nu pretinse teme strict locale sînt rostul filosofiei (inclusiv ale celei româneşti), ci problematica general umană".<span>  </span>Am să mă limitez doar la a insera, ca un comentariu la zisele respectatului<span>  </span>Ornea, un excerpt<span>  </span>dintr-un acquis european pe care cei mulţi (şi "corecţi") din zilele noastre vor să-l facă uitat : "Il n'y a point d'homme en général ", (Condillac, La Logique, LivreII chap. V.). Astfel, între filosofia care l-a inspirat pe Zigu Ornea şi filosofia ce a inspirat deşteptarea românească <span> </span>din secolul al XIX-lea trece cumpăna<span>  </span>apelor în ideologia de azi. Evident, domnul<span>   </span>Gheorghe<span>  </span>Vlăduţescu a ştiut<span>  </span>să<span>  </span>aleagă <span> </span>mereu versantul "politiceşte corect". Noi ne-am<span>  </span>aflat întotdeauna<span>  </span>pe celălalt versant. </span></p>
<p><span></span><span></span><span></p>
<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span>Culturnicii nostri oficiali şi criticii lor de serviciu au refuzat constant să<span>  </span>recunoască<span>  </span>faptul că Gheorghe Lazăr şi Ioan Eliade Rădulescu au stimulat în spaţiul mioritic, ori "Nirvana pastorală" românească, echivalentul cultural al unui Big Bang. În conceperea Gramaticii de la 1828, - an ce mi se pare a fi, tocmai din cauza acestei Gramatici, mai important pentru români decât 1848 -, Ioan Eliade Radulescu a trebuit inevitabil să dea răspunsuri practice la<span>  </span>chestiuni de filosofie lingvistică şi epistemologie. Se ştie că Ioan Eliade exprima nişte opinii cât se poate de clare în problema alegerii între scrierea fonetică şi scrierea etimologică, legată de ordinea ierarhică între vorbire şi scriere, iar aceasta-i o chestiune pur filosofică. Apoi, de vom citi mai atent o scrisoare a lui Ioan Eliade Rădulescu către Costache Negruzzi, vom descoperi că<span>  </span>Eliade Rădulescu este<span>  </span>conştient de importanţa conceptului metafizic<span>  </span>de "prezenţă", - un fel de echer, dar nu în sens masonic, pentru verificarea<span>  </span>cuvintelor -, în limba română. În plus, chiar dacă<span>  </span>te cheamă<span>  </span>Gheorghe Vlăduţescu iar nu Noam Chomsky, nu eşti scutit a<span>  </span>şti<span>  </span>că pe la 1828 majoritatea gramaticilor erau considerate încă scrieri filosofice. Nimic din toate acestea nu întâlnim în ultima carte (Publicam prima oară textul acesta în anul 2002, pe un forum electronic ţinut de unul din ziarele centrale din România,<span>  </span>dădeam o adresă de e-mail la care aşteptam comentariile, am primit atunci un singur e-mail cu un virus!), de fapt o lucrare foarte convenţională, a domnului Gheorghe Vlăduţescu. De ce ? Pentru că, şi nu doar "general uman" vorbind,<span>  </span>este cam greu să gândeşti<span>  </span>"neconvenţional" aflându-te pe versantul "politiceşte corect". Paradoxul cu domnul Gheorghe Vlăduţescu e totuşi<span>  </span>acela că fără să reuşească să<span>  </span>afirme<span>  </span>idei personale a reuşit o<span>  </span>strălucită afirmare personală. </span></p>
<p><span></span></p>
<p style="margin:0;" class="MsoNormal"><span>Titus Filipas</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Bueno Netto - buenonetto - Manaus - AM - Brasil]]></title>
<link>http://buenonettomanaus.wordpress.com/?p=3</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 04 Feb 2008 15:52:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>buenonettobr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://buenonettomanaus.wordpress.com/?p=3</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Bueno Netto apresenta a cidade de Manaus/AM - Brasil
Manaus é capital do estado do Amazonas, sendo ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bueno Netto apresenta a cidade de Manaus/AM - Brasil<br />
Manaus é capital do estado do Amazonas, sendo ainda a sede da Região Metropolitana de Manaus. Situado na confluência dos rios Negro e Solimões, é o mais populoso município da Amazônia.</p>
<p>Surgiu em 1669 com o forte de São José do Rio Negro. Foi elevada a vila em 1832 com o nome de Manaus, que significa "mãe dos deuses", em homenagem à nação indígena dos Manaós, sendo legalmente transformada em cidade no dia 24 de outubro de 1848 com o nome de Cidade da Barra do rio Negro. Somente em 4 de setembro de 1856 voltou a ter seu nome atual.</p>
<p>Ficou bastante conhecida no começo do século XX, na época áurea da borracha. Nessa época, Manaus começou a ser comparada com Paris, capital da França, e foi batizada carinhosamente como Paris das Américas ou Paris dos Trópicos. Além desse título, Manaus é conhecida como Coração da Amazônia e Cidade da Floresta. Atualmente seu principal motor econômico é o Pólo Industrial de Manaus, que fez da cidade uma das mais ricas do país.</p>
<p>Este artigo está licenciado sob a &#60;a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"&#62;GNU Free Documentation License&#60;/a&#62;.<br />
Usa material do &#60;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus"&#60;/a&#62;.</p>
<p>Bueno Netto em breve aualizara este blog.</p>
<p>Bueno netto, bueno netto Brasil, bueno netto Acre, Bueno netto rio branco, Bueno netto Alagoas, Bueno netto Maceió, Bueno netto Amapá, bueno netto macapa, bueno netto amazonas, bueno netto manaus, bueno netto bahia, bueno netto salvador, bueno netto ceara, bueno netto fortaleza, bueno netto distrito federal, bueno netto brasilia, bueno netto espírito santo, bueno netto vitoria, bueno netto goias, bueno netto goiania, bueno netto maranhao, bueno netto saoluiz, bueno netto mato grosso, bueno netto cuiaba, bueno netto mato grosso do sul, bueno netto campo grande, bueno netto minas gerais, bueno netto belo horizonte, buenonetto para, bueno netto belem, bueno netto paraiba, bueno netto joão pessoa, bueno netto paraná, bueno netto curitiba, bueno netto pernambuco, bueno netto recife bueno netto piauí, bueno netto teresina, bueno netto rio de janeiro, bueno netto rio grande do norte, bueno netto natal, bueno netto rio grande do sul, bueno netto porto alegre, bueno netto rondônia, bueno netto porto velho, bueno netto rorâima, bueno netto boa vista, bueno netto santa catarina, bueno netto florianópolis, bueno netto são paulo, bueno netto sergipe, bueno netto aracaju, bueno netto tocantins, bueno netto palmas, bueno netto empreendimentos, bueno netto imobiliaria, bueno netto campos de são paulo, bueno netto zip net, bueno netto blogger com, bueno netto tecnologia, bueno netto mídias, bueno netto free, bueno netto prédios, bueno netto cálculos, bueno netto edifícios, bueno netto vendas, bueno netto comercial, bueno netto tijolos, bueno netto argamassas, bueno netto ferro,  bueno netto aço, bueno netto  janelas, bueno netto vigas, bueno netto pisos, bueno netto vidros, bueno netto transito, bueno netto engenharia, bueno netto base, bueno netto lajes, bueno netto casas, bueno netto projetos, bueno netto elétrica, bueno netto elevadores, Bueno netto economia, Bueno netto política, Bueno netto alimentação, Bueno netto química, Bueno netto física, Bueno netto geografia, Bueno netto cinema, Bueno netto vila Olímpia, Bueno netto colméia,buenonetto, bueno neto, buenoneto</p>
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class="SpellE">netto</span> <span class="SpellE">pernambuco</span></a>, <a href="http://buenonettorecife.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> recife</a>, <a href="http://buenonettopiaui.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> <span class="SpellE">piauí</span></a>, <a href="http://buenonettoteresina.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> <span class="SpellE">teresina</span></a>, <a href="http://buenonettoriodejaneiro.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> rio de janeiro</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoriograndedonorte.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> rio grande do norte</a>, <a href="http://buenonettonatal.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> natal</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoriograndedosul.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> rio grande do sul</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoportoalegre.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> porto alegre</a>, <a href="http://buenonettorondonia.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> <span class="SpellE">rondônia</span></a>, <a href="http://buenonettopotovelho.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> porto velho</a>, <a href="http://buenonettorondonia.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> <span class="SpellE">rorâima</span></a>, <a href="http://buenonettoboavista.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> boa vista</a>, <a href="http://buenonettosantacatarina.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> 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href="http://buenonettoelevadores.wordpress.com/"><span class="SpellE">bueno</span> <span class="SpellE">netto</span> elevadores</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoeconomia.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> economia</a>, <a href="http://buenonettopolitica.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> política</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoalimentacao.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> alimentação</a>, <a href="http://buenonettoquimica.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> química</a>, <a href="http://buenonettofisica.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> física</a>, <a href="http://buenonettogeografia.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> geografia</a>, <a href="http://buenonettocinema.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> cinema</a>, <a href="http://buenonettovilaolimpia.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> vila Olímpia</a>, <a href="http://buenonettocolmeia.wordpress.com/">Bueno <span class="SpellE">netto</span> colméia</a>,</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Pont Sophie-Masson: Un bon début]]></title>
<link>http://richard3.wordpress.com/?p=242</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2008 04:01:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Richard3</dc:creator>
<guid>http://richard3.wordpress.com/?p=242</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Le beau temps m&#8217;a fait sortir, cet après-midi.  J&#8217;en ai profité pour apporter mon appa]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Le beau temps m'a fait sortir, cet après-midi.  J'en ai profité pour apporter mon appareil, et visiter quelques chantiers.  Voici donc le premier, celui du pont Sophie-Masson, qui relie désormais Laval et Terrebonne.  Mais en fait, qui est donc Sophie Masson?</p>
<p>Selon une courte recherche sur internet, Sophie Masson serait l'épouse de Joseph Masson, dernier seigneur de Terrebonne.  Elle fit construire, alors qu'elle était veuve, un manoir, dont les travaux se sont échelonnés de 1848 à 1854.  Ce manoir est aujourd'hui la partie historique de l'école secondaire Saint-Sacrement, dans le vieux Terrebonne.</p>
<p><a title="003a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-003a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-003a.jpg" alt="003a" /></a></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;"><em>Voici l'intersection de la montée Masson et du boulevard des Mille-Îles, à Laval, où se situe la jetée sud du nouveau pont.</em></span></p>
<p><a title="006a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-006a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-006a.jpg" alt="006a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Les gens étaient bien avisés que le vieux pont de Terrebonne était fermé,...</span></em></p>
<p><a title="009a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-009a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-009a.jpg" alt="009a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">...et afin d'être bien certain que personne n'allait l'utiliser, on a démoli les travées reliées aux rives!</span></em></p>
<p><a title="011a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-011a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-011a.jpg" alt="011a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Tout n'est pas terminé; un passage pour piétons fut "emprunté" à la chaussée principale.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="020a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-020a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-020a.jpg" alt="020a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Le bureau de chantier, du côté de Terrebonne.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="023a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-023a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-023a.jpg" alt="023a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Le panneau du passage pour piétons est vissé directement à l'arbre.  De quoi provoquer quelques crises d'urticaire à certains environnementalistes.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="026a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-026a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-026a.jpg" alt="026a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Le nouveau mur de soutènement, sur lequel il reste du travail à faire.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="027a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-027a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-027a.jpg" alt="027a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">L'excavation nécessaire à la construction du mur de soutènement.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="031a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-031a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-031a.jpg" alt="031a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Le chemin d'accès au chantier du mur de soutènement, et au dessous du pont.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="036a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-036a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-036a.jpg" alt="036a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">La jetée du côté de Terrebonne, qui donne sur la rue Chapleau.  Il reste encore beaucoup de besogne à accomplir.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="040a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-040a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-040a.jpg" alt="040a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Toujours du côté de Terrebonne, on voit bien qu'une section du vieux pont a déjà été démolie.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="043a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-043a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-043a.jpg" alt="043a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Depuis le parc Majeau, à Terrebonne, le section manquante du côté lavallois.</span></em></p>
<p><a title="046a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-046a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-046a.jpg" alt="046a" /></a></p>
<p><em><span style="color:#008000;">Cette fois, les deux sections restantes du vieux pont de Terrebonne, sises au beau milieu de la rivière des Mille-Îles, qui attendent les démolisseurs.</span></em></p>
<p>Comme on peut le constater, il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire, mais l'essentiel, c'est qu'il est ouvert à la circulation, ce qui permet aux gens vivant de part et d'autre d'éviter d'avoir à faire un détour par l'A-25.  Au cours de l'année 2008, certaines fermetures complètes seront nécessaires pour achever les travaux, dont les deux approches du pont.</p>
<p>J'ai profité de mon passage à Terrebonne pour vous montrer une autre belle merde du MTQ, et j'ai nommé le viaduc de l'A-25, qui surplombe le boulevard Moody.</p>
<p><a title="049a" href="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-049a.jpg"><img src="http://richard3.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/26-01-2008-tour-de-bagnole-049a.jpg" alt="049a" /></a></p>
<p>Les échafaudages "temporaires", qui supportent le viaduc en son centre, sont à cet endroit depuis quelque chose comme un an et demi!  Comme quoi le MTQ se veut rassurant, en ce qui concerne la sécurité du public.  Aucune date n'est annoncée pour la rénovation de ce viaduc.  Ça tient pour l'instant, alors pourquoi se presser?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[150 aniversario del Manifiesto del Partido Comunista]]></title>
<link>http://ceronegativo.wordpress.com/2008/01/17/150-aniversario-del-manifiesto-del-partido-comunista/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2008 10:48:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ceronegativo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ceronegativo.wordpress.com/2008/01/17/150-aniversario-del-manifiesto-del-partido-comunista/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ya estará alguien pensando &#8220;madre mía con los zorrocotropos, ¡Si que viven en el pasado! no]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><a href="http://ceronegativo.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/communistmanifesto.png" title="Enlace directo a archivo"><img src="http://ceronegativo.wordpress.com/files/2008/01/communistmanifesto.thumbnail.png" alt="portada original del manifiesto comunista, sacado de la wikipedia, claro." align="bottom" border="0" height="128" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="82" /></a>Ya estará alguien pensando "madre mía con los zorrocotropos, ¡Si que viven en el pasado! no sólo hablan de un libro de hace siglo y medio, si no que ¡fallan 10 años!" El caso es que buscando otra cosa me he encontrado con un texto que redacté a finales de 1997 o principios de 1998 ¡yo que pensaba que todo lo de esta época se había perdido en una de mis míticas roturas de disco duro!. Lo que podéis leer abajo se <strike>publicó</strike> fotocopió y repartió hace casi una década. Recuerdo que lo maqueté con el nefasto Publisher de microsoft de la época y le puse unas ilustraciones de aquel "manifiesto comunista en comic" que había en mi casa, como en toda casa progre de la transición que se preciara.<!--more--></p>
<p align="justify">Independientemente de que el texto sea malo o sea peor, lo que me doy cuenta es de que ya no soy capaz de escribir ni a este (sub) nivel... lo que hacía leer y escribir mucho (fruto ambas cosas de tener mucho tiempo libre).</p>
<p align="justify">Por favor, no seáis crueles</p>
<p align="justify"><span><font face="Arial" size="2">"<i>En 1998 se cumplen 150 años desde que Marx y Engels escribieran su famoso Manifiesto, uno de los documentos políticos más famosos de la Historia, y el más influyente de este siglo XX que estamos viendo acabar. Pues una fecha tan señalada los jóvenes no podíamos dejar de recordarla, porque el Manifiesto a pesar de su venerable edad sigue siendo un documento joven, que no ha perdido nada de su frescura ni de su vigencia. Y más aún ante los jóvenes, ya que el llamamiento de este libro a la rebeldía tiene especial sentido entre ellos, que son, junto con las mujeres, uno de los colectivos más castigados por el paro, la precariedad, la exclusión y todos los males del sistema, que hace 150 años los padres del marxismo analizaron y denunciaron tan certeramente.</i><!-- D(["mb","\u003c/font\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003c/p\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003cp align\u003d\"JUSTIFY\"\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;\u003cfont size\u003d\"2\" face\u003d\"Arial\"\&#38;gt;Pero no sólo hay denuncia y análisis en el Manifiesto, también hay un método de análisis y un programa de acción para cambiar la realidad. ¿Pero es que un método y un programa de hace 150 años es aplicable a la actualidad? Sí. El marxismo como programa y método emancipatorio esta hoy al menos tan vigente como hace siglo y medio. Por que el marxismo esta vivo, en constante cambio y evolución para adaptarse a la realidad. Fue concebido como una ciencia y como tal alejada de cualquier inmovilismo dogmático. Ejemplos de esto los tenemos, suficientemente claros, en el mismo Manifiesto: ya en 1872 (¡Sólo 25 años después de la redacción del Manifiesto!), en el prólogo a la edición alemana, Marx y Engels opinan que “Aunque las condiciones hayan cambiado mucho en los últimos veinticinco años, los principios generales expuestos en el Manifiesto siguen siendo hoy, a grandes rasgos, enteramente acertados. Algunos puntos deberían ser retocados. El mismo Manifiesto explica que la aplicación práctica de los principios dependerá siempre y en todas partes de las circunstancias históricas existentes[...]”.\u003c/font\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003c/p\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003cp align\u003d\"JUSTIFY\"\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;\u003cfont size\u003d\"2\" face\u003d\"Arial\"\&#38;gt;Todo el Manifiesto esta plagado de estas advertencias, como cuando dicen: “Las tesis teóricas de los comunistas no se basan en modo alguno en ideas y principios inventados por tal o cual reformador del mundo. No son sino la expresión del conjunto de las condiciones reales de una lucha de clases existente, de un movimiento histórico que se está desarrollando ante nuestros ojos”. O cuando aseguran, hablando de los &#34;socialistas utópicos&#34;: &#34;He aquí porque, aunque en muchos aspectos los autores de esos sistemas eran revolucionarios, las sectas formadas por sus discípulos son siempre reaccionarias, pues se aferran a las viejas concepciones de sus maestros, a pesar del ulterior desarrollo histórico [...]”.\u003c/font\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003c/p\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003cp align\u003d\"JUSTIFY\"\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;",1] );  //--></font></span></p>
<p align="justify"><i><span><font face="Arial" size="2">Pero no sólo hay denuncia y análisis en el Manifiesto, también hay un método de análisis y un programa de acción para cambiar la realidad. ¿Pero es que un método y un programa de hace 150 años es aplicable a la actualidad? Sí. El marxismo como programa y método emancipatorio esta hoy al menos tan vigente como hace siglo y medio. Por que el marxismo esta vivo, en constante cambio y evolución para adaptarse a la realidad. Fue concebido como una ciencia y como tal alejada de cualquier inmovilismo dogmático. Ejemplos de esto los tenemos, suficientemente claros, en el mismo Manifiesto: ya en 1872 (¡Sólo 25 años después de la redacción del Manifiesto!), en el prólogo a la edición alemana, Marx y Engels opinan que “Aunque las condiciones hayan cambiado mucho en los últimos veinticinco años, los principios generales expuestos en el Manifiesto siguen siendo hoy, a grandes rasgos, enteramente acertados. Algunos puntos deberían ser retocados. El mismo Manifiesto explica que la aplicación práctica de los principios dependerá siempre y en todas partes de las circunstancias históricas existentes[...]”.</font></span></i></p>
<p align="justify"><i><span><font face="Arial" size="2">Todo el Manifiesto esta plagado de estas advertencias, como cuando dicen: “Las tesis teóricas de los comunistas no se basan en modo alguno en ideas y principios inventados por tal o cual reformador del mundo. No son sino la expresión del conjunto de las condiciones reales de una lucha de clases existente, de un movimiento histórico que se está desarrollando ante nuestros ojos”. O cuando aseguran, hablando de los "socialistas utópicos": "He aquí porque, aunque en muchos aspectos los autores de esos sistemas eran revolucionarios, las sectas formadas por sus discípulos son siempre reaccionarias, pues se aferran a las viejas concepciones de sus maestros, a pesar del ulterior desarrollo histórico [...]”.</font></span></i></p>
<p align="justify"><i><span><!-- D(["mb","\u003cfont size\u003d\"2\" face\u003d\"Arial\"\&#38;gt;El mensaje no admite ninguna duda, el Marxismo no se puede quedar anclado en el pasado porque depende de las condiciones actuales; aún así mucha gente se ha esforzado en convertir el marxismo en una &#34;momia&#34;: sus &#34;seguidores&#34; para que justificara su poder, y sus enemigos para negarle el carácter revolucionario y científico. Pero lo más importante del Manifiesto, del Comunismo y del Marxismo en su rechazo a las injusticias, a la explotación del hombre por el hombre. Así que en este mundo donde las desigualdades crecen día a día, donde las doscientas personas más ricas del mundo tienen tanto como la mitad más pobre de la humanidad y donde el capitalismo y el desarrollismo ciego amenaza con dejar inhabitable el planeta, La Juventud Comunista de Madrid (Colectivo Hortaleza), como heredera directa de la obra de Marx y Engels, y el Área de Juventud de Izquierda Unida de Hortaleza, como proyecto de punto de encuentro de todos los que quieren cambiar la realidad desde la izquierda, quieren resaltar que mientras persista la injusticia, la pobreza, el sufrimiento y la alienación; siempre habrá alguien que levante la bandera roja de la libertad, la democracia, la igualdad, la solidaridad, el internacionalismo y la fraternidad; y que el fantasma del comunismo recorrerá el Mundo, Europa, España, Madrid y Hortaleza.\u003c/font\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003c/p\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003cp align\u003d\"JUSTIFY\"\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;\u003cfont size\u003d\"2\" face\u003d\"Arial\"\&#38;gt;¡Proletarios del Mundo, UNÁMONOS!\u003c/font\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003cspan lang\u003d\"es\"\&#38;gt;\u003c/span\&#38;gt;\u003c/p\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003c/div\&#38;gt;\n\n\u003ctable\&#38;gt;\u003ctr\&#38;gt;\u003ctd bgcolor\u003d\"#ffffff\"\&#38;gt;\u003cfont color\u003d\"#000000\"\&#38;gt;&#34;La información contenida en el presente documento es propiedad de UNIDE S. COOP. y es confidencial. Queda prohibida su reproducción por cualquier medio, así como su distribución, revelación o entrega a terceros sin el previo consentimiento expreso de UNIDE S. COOP. Si Vd. no es el destinatario de este mensaje o ha recibido este mensaje por error, por favor, informe inmediatamente al emisor y destruya la información contenida en el mensaje. La recepción de este compromiso de confidencialidad vincula a su receptor y su incumplimiento darán lugar al ejercicio de las acciones legales civiles y penales que en derecho procedan.&#34;",1] );  //--><font face="Arial" size="2">El mensaje no admite ninguna duda, el Marxismo no se puede quedar anclado en el pasado porque depende de las condiciones actuales; aún así mucha gente se ha esforzado en convertir el marxismo en una "momia": sus "seguidores" para que justificara su poder, y sus enemigos para negarle el carácter revolucionario y científico. Pero lo más importante del Manifiesto, del Comunismo y del Marxismo en su rechazo a las injusticias, a la explotación del hombre por el hombre. Así que en este mundo donde las desigualdades crecen día a día, donde las doscientas personas más ricas del mundo tienen tanto como la mitad más pobre de la humanidad y donde el capitalismo y el desarrollismo ciego amenaza con dejar inhabitable el planeta, La Juventud Comunista de Madrid (Colectivo Hortaleza), como heredera directa de la obra de Marx y Engels, y el Área de Juventud de Izquierda Unida de Hortaleza, como proyecto de punto de encuentro de todos los que quieren cambiar la realidad desde la izquierda, quieren resaltar que mientras persista la injusticia, la pobreza, el sufrimiento y la alienación; siempre habrá alguien que levante la bandera roja de la libertad, la democracia, la igualdad, la solidaridad, el internacionalismo y la fraternidad; y que el fantasma del comunismo recorrerá el Mundo, Europa, España, Madrid y Hortaleza.</font></span></i></p>
<p><i><span><font face="Arial" size="2">¡Proletarios del Mundo, UNÁMONOS!"</font></span></i></p>
<p>Algunos enlaces de interés:</p>
<p>-El texto del <a href="http://www.marxists.org/espanol/m-e/1840s/48-manif.htm" target="_blank">manifiesto del partido comunista</a> en <a href="http://www.marxists.org/">http://www.marxists.org/</a></p>
<p>-<a href="http://www.manifiestoprograma.es/media/0/marxengels_manifiestocomunista.pdf" target="_blank">el manifiesto del partido comunista en pdf</a> de la web del <a href="http://www.manifiestoprograma.es/" target="_blank">manifiesto programa del pce </a></p>
<p>-<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifiesto_comunista">Wikipedia</a></p>
<p>-<a href="http://mikeely.wordpress.com/2008/01/13/the-story-of-the-communist-manifesto/" target="_blank">Entrada interesante sobre el manifiesto</a> (en inglés)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Fall of House Habsburg: Edward Crankshaw]]></title>
<link>http://uncoveredhistory.wordpress.com/2007/10/29/the-fall-of-house-habsburg-edward-crankshaw/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 10:46:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>eoinpurcell</dc:creator>
<guid>http://uncoveredhistory.wordpress.com/2007/10/29/the-fall-of-house-habsburg-edward-crankshaw/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Eoin Purcell
A line to unsettle you on a bank holiday Monday:
. . . she delighted in the sensitive d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Eoin Purcell</h3>
<p><strong>A line to unsettle you on a bank holiday Monday:</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>. . . she delighted in the sensitive dreamer's nature of her second son, Maximilian, who was to dream himself to death before a firing squad in Mexico.</p></blockquote>
<p>I picked up  rather nice edition of this in hardback when I was in the US a while ago but I have only started reading it recently. A few great lines already and the historian's biases are fairly open an clear. It is well worth reading. </p>
<p>- GBS data <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kiwHAAAACAAJ&#38;dq=fall+of+house+habsburg&#38;ei=cLclR5SsNIWY7wL1ycjyBw">here</a><br />
- LibraryThing data <a href="http://www.librarything.com/work/237211">here</a><br />
- Worldcat data <a href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1051371&#38;referer=brief_results">here</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Stonewall or Oddball?]]></title>
<link>http://ardentiaverba.wordpress.com/2007/10/20/stonewall-or-oddball/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 20 Oct 2007 22:57:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ardentiaverba</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ardentiaverba.wordpress.com/2007/10/20/stonewall-or-oddball/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Stonewall Jackson by Donald A. Davis
(Palgrave Macmillan (2007), Hardcover, 224 pages) 
A review
by]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="center"><font face="Century Gothic"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;">Stonewall </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;">Jackson</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;"> by Donald A. Davis</span></strong></font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Century Gothic"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;"></span></strong></font><span><font face="Century Gothic">(Palgrave Macmillan (2007), Hardcover, 224 pages)</font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span></p>
<p align="center"><span></span><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"><font face="Century Gothic">A review</font></span></strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"></span></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;"><font face="Century Gothic">by </font></span></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-size:10pt;"></span><span><font face="Century Gothic">Colin J. Edwards</font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span></p>
<p><span><font face="Century Gothic">I have to come clean immediately and confess that I have difficulty with the description, ‘tough fighting generals’. What they are describing are heartless individuals who send men to death or mutilation with reckless abandon. Let us remind ourselves that wars are started by politicians, fought by generals and won by soldiers. The American Civil War was the exception: the generals prolonged that one.</font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic">Before you cast me aside as a peace-nik lefty, let me assure you that I saw action as an infantry officer, and know a little of what I speak.</font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic">Books about wars: and this is a book about a war more than a biography of an individual, are either from an officer’s perspective, or the enlisted man. Donald Davis is the exception being quite at home writing about either. His best seller ‘Lightening Strike’, records the active service of a gunnery sergeant. However, I could find little sympathy for the fighting man in this volume. Mr Davis wrote with touching tenderness of the separation of General Jackson from his wife and new baby girl. A separation that didn’t last long as the general called them to his side. Tens of thousands of ordinary soldiers from North and South would have thought precious, just a moment with their loved ones. Rank has its privilege it seems. </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>Davis</span><span>’ detailed descriptions of the various battles are excellent, if a little tedious.<span>  </span>This is due perhaps to a lack of information about Jackson who was such a secretive individual, that it’s a wonder </span><span>Davis</span><span> was able to write the book at all. </span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>Born at </span><span>Clarksburg</span><span> </span><span>West Virginia</span><span> on </span><span>January 21 1824</span><span> into an attorney’s family, he preceded by four months another general and West Point chum who saw the light of day at </span><span>Liberty</span><span> </span><span>Indiana</span><span> in May: a future adversary, Ambrose Burnside. </span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>After a very unsettled childhood, he entered </span><span>West Point</span><span> more by luck than judgement. He struggled to keep up but had an almost eccentric ability to focus unswervingly on the subject at hand. This paid off and he was able to move up the rankings graduating 17<sup>th</sup> out of a class of 59. This was not good enough to get him into the esteemed engineers, but it did get him into the artillery as a second lieutenant.<span>  </span>This single minded eccentricity bordering on autism became more apparent when he was under fire during the </span><span>Mexican War</span><span>. Observation of his reckless valour caused him to be bumped up the ranks to acting major. Another manifestation of his disturbed mental state was his inability to work in harmony with others. His unresolved dispute with a brother officer while stationed at </span><span>Fort</span><span> </span><span>Mead</span><span> in </span><span>Florida</span><span>, resulted in him leaving the army and taking up a teaching post at </span><span>Lexington</span><span> </span><span>Virginia</span><span>.</span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic">The general consensus was that Thomas Jackson was a poor teacher, but the eight years there gave him the opportunity to meet and marry two wives. </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>The Civil War found him back in the army and up to his neck in muck and bullets in the battles so precisely delineated by Mr Davis. His eccentricity (or mental disturbance), new no bounds and he and his soldiers went from victory to victory even if it killed them. He even had one of his generals (A.P.Hill), dragged along behind a cart on an interminable march for some undisclosed <em>actus </em></span><em><span>reus</span></em><span>.<span>  </span>This so damaged the general’s tender feet that he was out of action for some time. Not the action of a sound mind you might think; particularly when it concerns one of your better generals.</span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>Jackson</span><span> continued to carry the whole war on his shoulders, confiding in no one until he experienced a nervous collapse. From then until the end of his life he was conspicuous for his ability to fall asleep anywhere. On one occasion he was summoned to see his boss Robert E Lee, and promptly fell asleep before he saw him.</span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>Thomas Jackson was a religious zealot who spoke more to God than anyone else. However, he did not practice what he preached, nor anything anyone else preached as he didn’t stay awake long enough. He had no compunction in raking artillery fire into Mexican civilians when </span><span>Mexico City</span><span> failed to surrender in 1848, or later when he gunned down a retreating Mexican army.<span>  </span>During the Civil War he showed no reluctance to destroy fellow Americans be them from the North or the South, and insisted that his officers do likewise.</span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>To experience fear while in the presence of danger is normal. To some extent it is possible to hide that fear. </span><span>Jackson</span><span> did not hide it; he did not have any fear. He constantly took needless risks and in front of his troops defied the conflagration to kill him.</span></font><font face="Century Gothic"><span>That was until </span><span>Chancellorsville</span><span> on </span><span>May 2 1863</span><span>.<span>  </span>Throwing caution to the wind as usual, he took his staff beyond his own front lines to reconnoitre the enemy positions. True to form he omitted to inform anyone of his intentions. Upon his return he was fired upon by his own soldiers and hit three times. Six of his staff were killed outright. He however was not killed but was stretchered to an aid station falling off the stretcher on the way. The chief surgeon of </span><span>Jackson</span><span>’s army, Dr Hunter McGuire, amputated his left arm, but did not notice General Jackson complaining about chest pain. The pain developed into pneumonia from which he died on </span><span>May 10<sup>th</sup> 1863</span><span>.</span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><font face="Century Gothic"><span>Google Books list over 4000 entries for General Jackson, and most of them suggest that had he lived the result at </span><span>Gettysburg</span><span> would have been different. The generals lost the battle for the Confederates by their bickering and lack of direction. </span><span>Jackson</span><span> would have only added to the confusion. The soldiers of the South fought their hearts out at </span><span>Gettysburg</span><span> only to be betrayed by their officers. </span></font><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic">Donald Davis’s book is a myth breaker, and a ‘must read’ for anyone who has an interest in the first modern war.</font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span><span><span><font face="Century Gothic"> </font></span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[In 1847, Cakobau raised money to fund wars, with a coconut-oil levy]]></title>
<link>http://levuka.wordpress.com/2007/10/05/in-1847-cakobau-raised-money-to-fund-wars-with-a-coconut-oil-levy/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 05 Oct 2007 08:03:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>levuka</dc:creator>
<guid>http://levuka.wordpress.com/2007/10/05/in-1847-cakobau-raised-money-to-fund-wars-with-a-coconut-oil-levy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In 1847, Cakobau ventured beyond the traditional limits of tribute, and raised money to carry on his]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 1847, Cakobau ventured beyond the traditional limits of tribute, and raised money to carry on his wars by means of levies of coconut oil. The ingenious response was "casks were said to have been fitted with sham tubes fixed directly under the bung-holes; and, while the gauge-stick showed oil in plenty - in the bamboos - it failed to detect the sea-water in the casks. A barrel of oil drifted ashore at Taileva <em>(a Manila man (MANILLA-MAN, s. This term is applied to natives of the Philippines, who are often employed on shipboard, and especially furnish the quarter-masters (Seacunny, q.v.) in Lascar crews on the China voyage. But Manilla-man seems also, from Wilson, to be used in S. India as a hybrid from Telug. manela vadu, ‘an itinerant dealer in coral and gems’;)</em>,   living at Viwa tried to drive a bargain for its purchase, and having failed, enlisted the help of the chief Gavidi of Lasakau (Bau), by the gift of a musket. Gavidi sent to demand the oil, which was quite properly refused; and the enraged chief had five of the towns-people shot out of hand. Such incidents laid all white traders, good and bad, open to treachery and attack.</p>
<p><strong>Traders own casks, control coconut oil trade:</strong> Cakobau took advantage of the visit of the Calypso to lay charges against Pickering; but while Captain worth recognized a degree of truth in them, he could not find sufficient grounds for legal action. On the contrary, Cakobau's insolent bearing so incensed the British captain that, suspecting the chief of hostile intentions, he considered ordering the bombardment and destruction of Bau. The white traders..had ..the necessary casks, collected and bought oil. The traders on their part were rapacious, exacting all they could; there were disputes about the capacity of the casks supplied, and the missionaries found evidence of attempts to exploit the ignorance of the common people. The natives, however, retaliated with a dark ingenuity of deceit: casks were said to have been fitted with ham tubes fixed directly under the bung-holes; and, while the gauge-stick showed oil in plenty - in the bamboos - it failed to detect the sea-water in the casks." <em>http://www.janesoceania.com/fiji_discovery2/index.htm</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[1848: Seven killed and town burned over dispute over barrel of coconut oil]]></title>
<link>http://levuka.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/1848-seven-killed-and-town-burned-over-dispute-over-barrel-of-coconut-oil/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:40:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>levuka</dc:creator>
<guid>http://levuka.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/1848-seven-killed-and-town-burned-over-dispute-over-barrel-of-coconut-oil/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[A barrel of oil drifted ashore at Taileva; a Manila man living at Viwa tried to drive a bargain for ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A barrel of oil drifted ashore at Taileva; a Manila man living at Viwa tried to drive a bargain for its purchase, and having failed, enlisted the help of the chief Gavidi of Lasakau (Bau), by the gift of a musket.<br />
<!--more-->Gavidi sent to demand the oil, which was quite properly refused; and the enraged chief had five of the towns-people shot out of hand. Such incidents laid all white traders, good and bad, open to treachery and attack; and when H.M.S. <em>Calypso</em> (Captain Worth) visited Fiji in the middle of 1848, bringing the British consul from Samoa, there were several incidents awaiting investigation and punishment. </p>
<p><strong>On 12th June, 1848: </strong>while the Calypso was at Somosomo, a boat was sent to Koro Island to inquire into and avenge the murder of two Englishmen. Guilt being proved, the town was burnt. At Bau, early in July, Captain worth heard of the murder of two Englishmen at Macuata; being unable to visit that coast, he sent a letter to the chief Ritova (Tui Macuata) protesting against the outrage, and promising strong action if the report proved to be true. The warship sailed, however, before Ritova could reply.</p>
<p><b>Bombardment of Bau mooted:</b> Cakobau took advantage of the visit of the Calypso to lay charges against Pickering; but while Captain worth recognized a degree of truth in them, he could not find sufficient grounds for legal action. On the contrary, Cakobau's insolent bearing so incensed the British captain that, suspecting the chief of hostile intentions, he considered ordering the bombardment and destruction of Bau<br />
<em>http://www.janesoceania.com/fiji_discovery2/index.htm</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Calhoun, Neoconservatives, and Liberty]]></title>
<link>http://mansizedtarget.wordpress.com/2007/09/28/calhoun-neoconservatives-and-liberty/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2007 17:46:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Mr. Roach</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mansizedtarget.wordpress.com/2007/09/28/calhoun-neoconservatives-and-liberty/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Lawrence Auster has an interesting post today that notes that one of the prime engines of neoconserv]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lawrence Auster has<a href="http://www.amnation.com/vfr/archives/008890.html"> an interesting post today</a> that notes that one of the prime engines of neoconservative folly is this idea that everyone "deserves" liberty and that we, therefore, having the ability, owe it to strange peoples to "give them freedom."</p>
<p>His post reminded me of something I read long ago in the Liberty Fund's collection of John C. Calhoun's works, which is <a href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&#38;staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=683&#38;layout=html">now generously available on line. </a>While often a callous defender of slavery (which had little regard for justice and the interests of the people it was supposedly civilizing), like most free people in slave societies, Calhoun had a very detailed and nuanced sense of what it meant to be free and was, accordingly, a thoughtful defender of freedom at least for his own people.  He writes something here of universal application that shows the inherent folly of the neoconservative utopianism:</p>
<blockquote><p>[T]he worst form of government, is better than anarchy; and that individual liberty, or freedom, must be subordinate to whatever power may be necessary to protect society against anarchy within or destruction from without; for the safety and well-being of society is as paramount to individual liberty, as the safety and well-being of the race is to that of individuals; and in the same proportion, the power necessary for the safety of society is paramount to individual liberty. On the contrary, government has no right to control individual liberty beyond what is necessary to the safety and well-being of society. Such is the boundary which separates the power of government and the liberty of the citizen or subject in the political state, which, as I have shown, is the natural state of man—the only one in which his race can exist, and the one in which he is born, lives, and dies.</p>
<p><a name="a_1935416"></a>It follows from all this that the quantum of power on the part of the government, and of liberty on that of individuals, instead of being equal in all cases, must necessarily be very unequal among different people, according to their different conditions. For just in proportion as a people are ignorant, stupid, debased, corrupt, exposed to violence within and danger from without, the power necessary for government to possess, in order to preserve society against anarchy and destruction becomes greater and greater, and individual liberty less and less, until the lowest condition is reached, when absolute and despotic power becomes necessary on the part of the government, and individual liberty extinct. So, on the contrary, just as a people rise in the scale of intelligence, virtue, and patriotism, and the more perfectly they become acquainted with the nature of government, the ends for which it was ordered, and how it ought to be administered, and the less the tendency to violence and disorder within, and danger from abroad, the power necessary for government becomes less and less, and individual liberty greater and greater. Instead, then, of all men having the same right to liberty and equality, as is claimed by those who hold that they are all born free and equal, <strong>liberty is the noble and highest reward bestowed on mental and moral development, combined with favorable circumstances. Instead, then, of liberty and equality being born with man; instead of all men and all classes and descriptions being equally entitled to them, they are high prizes to be won, and are in their most perfect state, not only the highest reward that can be bestowed on our race, but the most difficult to be won—and when won, the most difficult to be preserved.</strong></p>
<p><a name="a_1935417"></a>They have been made vastly more so by the dangerous error I have attempted to expose, that all men are born free and equal, as if those high qualities belonged to man without effort to acquire them, and to all equally alike, regardless of their intellectual and moral condition. The attempt to carry into practice this, the most dangerous of all political error, and to bestow on all, without regard to their fitness either to acquire or maintain liberty, that unbounded and individual liberty supposed to belong to man in the hypothetical and misnamed state of nature, has done more to retard the cause of liberty and civilization, and is doing more at present, than all other causes combined. While it is powerful to pull down governments, it is still more powerful to prevent their construction on proper principles. It is the leading cause among those which have placed Europe in its present anarchical condition, and which mainly stands in the way of reconstructing good governments in the place of those which have been overthrown, threatening thereby the quarter of the globe most advanced in progress and civilization with hopeless anarchy, to be followed by military despotism.</p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Los caudillos mexicanos del XIX]]></title>
<link>http://redlitos.wordpress.com/2007/06/17/los-caudillos-mexicanos-del-xix/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jun 2007 10:13:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Carlos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://redlitos.wordpress.com/2007/06/17/los-caudillos-mexicanos-del-xix/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Artículo publicado por la web Club Lorem Ipsum el 29 de abril de 2007.
De Miguel Hidalgo a Porfirio]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Artículo publicado por </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span><strong>la web <a href="http://www.lorem-ipsum.es/publicaciones/articulo.php?art=72">Club Lorem Ipsum</a></strong></span></span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> el 29 de abril de 2007.</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">De <strong>Miguel Hidalgo</strong> a <strong>Porfirio Díaz</strong> el siglo XIX mexicano es la historia de sus caudillos y héroes que, con más o menos suerte, guiaron los pasos de la nación americana. En la tradicional pugna de los grandes personajes con el devenir histórico, <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong> nos presenta <em>Siglo de caudillos</em>. Con este recorrido por la Historia decimonónica de México pretende, sin caer en los extremos que considera erróneos -el culto a la personalidad y la negación de la intencionalidad individual-, aportar su pequeño granito de arena a la polémica. La nación de los antiguos aztecas es resultado de numerosos factores, no sólo la acción de sus élites. Sin embargo, la actuación de estas personas pesó en su configuración final. Esa es la línea argumental que sigue esta investigación con apariencia de novela.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Enrique Krauze</strong> se sirve de una celebración -el centenario del “Grito de Dolores”, hito fundamental en el proceso de independencia mexicano-, para iniciar su repaso histórico. Desde esa atalaya de repasa cien años de Historia marcados por dos visiones bien diferenciadas, la liberal y la conservadora. No obstante, ambas coinciden en un punto: tratar a sus padres ideológicos como héroes y a los contrarios como traidores.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> La obra parte de la historiografía liberal de la época de <strong>Porfirio</strong> -personificada en los discursos, monumentos, fiestas y avenidas de la capital- con el fin de criticar su excesivo partidismo. A continuación el autor plantea una reflexión histórica más imparcial -alejada de esa Historia de dioses y demonios- que recupere para México esos protagonistas que la historiografía oficial de principios del XX dejaba a un lado.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">A continuación la obra nos muestra con detalle la vida de los principales caudillos de México que, a modo de guías, nos permiten también repasar la Historia de esa nación. Es más, no faltan en la obra capítulos que, sin tener como protagonista a ninguno de estos personajes, tratan de situarnos en los acontecimientos mexicanos del momento. Por tanto, estos epígrafes son, al mismo tiempo, nexos de unión entre la vida de los diferentes líderes y perspectivas generales de la situación del país. Además, <strong>Krauze</strong> nos ofrece también la visión que, en las sucesivas épocas, se ha tenido de estas grandes figuras. Las dos primeras nos muestran lo cerca que se movieron en la década de 1810 la revolución y el sentimiento religioso. No obstante, son muchas las diferencias que se aprecian entre el cura <strong>Hidalgo</strong> y <strong>José María Morelos</strong>. El primero se nos presenta en esta obra como un loco, un visionario que desató una orgía de saqueo y muerte sin más finalidad que la propia atrocidad vengativa. Por el contrario, <strong>Morelos</strong> si parecía tener un proyecto que poner en práctica tras la guerra. Fue un personaje más equilibrado, ordenado y pragmático; un hombre capaz de legislar con más respaldo que el mero providencialismo de <strong>Hidalgo</strong>. El de Valladolid de Michoacán demostró una vez más ser superior a su antecesor al no retractarse ante el tribunal que lo juzgaba. <strong>José María</strong> <strong>Morelos</strong> murió sin traicionar a sus ideas y a sus compañeros de revolución.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Agustín de Iturbide</strong> es la siguiente figura que nos presenta <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong>. Destaca su magistral actuación en Iguala y su lucha incansable contra la anarquía desatada por los “curas revolucionarios”. Sin embargo, a juicio de numerosos contemporáneos –<strong>Simón</strong> <strong>Bolívar</strong> entre ellos- su gran error fue aceptar la corona imperial en 1822. Esta, a la postre, resultó ser una trampa que lo arrojó sin remedio al infierno de la historiografía mexicana. A juicio del autor, <strong>Agustín I </strong>abdicó sin ofrecer resistencia por su temor a la anarquía que, inevitablemente, una guerra civil tendría que desatar. Su vida se movería entre ese miedo y su ansia de poder. Ambos elementos lo llevaron a coordinar la concordia Trigarante, pero también al exilio en Europa tras la rebelión de <strong>Santa Anna</strong>. Es precisamente esta figura, cuya vida corrió paralela a la de la nación desde Casamata hasta Ayutla, la siguiente en salir al escenario de caudillos fabricado por <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong>. Este militar, a pesar de su intermitencia en el poder, fue el alma de México entre 1822 y 1854; el líder sediento de gloria al que el país siempre pudo recurrir en los momentos de dificultad. Santa Anna fue un hombre al que le aburría la tarea de gobierno, de ahí su confianza en la labor del vicepresidente <strong>Gómez Farias</strong> y sus habituales retiradas de la vida pública. Como el México de su tiempo, parecía encontrarse cómodo en la anarquía, en el rol de salvador. Sin duda este personaje nació para esa época de la Historia mexicana; en periodos de estabilidad hubiera pasado –nos dice el autor- totalmente desapercibido.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Antes de adentrarse en el México de <strong>Benito Juárez</strong> y <strong>Porfirio Díaz</strong>, <strong>Krauze</strong> dedica un amplio capítulo a lo que llama “Biografía del saber”. En él aborda la cuestión ideológica de liberales y conservadores acudiendo a las figuras de sus padres intelectuales: <strong>José María Mora</strong> –“el futuro como un proceso de liberación”- y <strong>Lucas Alamán</strong> –“el futuro como un proceso de preservación”-. Estos personajes guiaron las ideas de ambos partidos hasta el periodo comprendido entre los años de la derrota contra los EE.UU. (1848) y el posterior final del general <strong>Santa Anna</strong> (1854). Después de esos hechos fueron otros los ideólogos que, manteniendo las líneas fundamentales de los planteamientos de <strong>Mora</strong> y <strong>Alamán</strong>, azuzaron el debate político de la nación.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">La crisis de 1848 marcó el inició de un cambio que culminó en México seis años después. Toda una generación de estadistas, teóricos y militares desapareció del panorama político para dejar paso a una nueva hornada de caudillos. El fracaso de los primeros cincuenta años de independencia era fruto de la inoperancia de los líderes recién retirados del gran teatro del poder, pero también el de una clase social: los criollos. El relevo no fue, como destaca <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong>, únicamente de tipo generacional; el gobierno pasó a manos de mestizos e indios como <strong>Melchor Ocampo</strong>, <strong>Ignacio Ramírez</strong>, <strong>Ignacio Comonfort</strong> y, sobre todo, <strong>Benito Juárez</strong> y <strong>Porfirio Díaz</strong>. Estos hombres que trataron de reformar México en medio de dificultades, guerras civiles, invasiones extranjeras e imperios fabricados desde el Viejo Continente –<strong>Krauze</strong> dedica también un epígrafe a <strong>Maximiliano I</strong>-, iban a guiar a su país hasta el centenario de su independencia. Como hemos indicado, se trataba de una nueva generación no perteneciente al criollismo. Sin embargo, también se produjo un relevo en el ámbito profesional: ya no eran religiosos y militares los que acaudillaban México, estos personajes surgidos a mediados del XIX eran abogados, ingenieros, médicos... las profesiones liberales iban a gobernar la nación desde ese momento.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'AvantGarde Bk BT';"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Siglo de caudillos</em> termina con la revolución que llevó a <strong>Porfirio Díaz</strong> al exilio en 1911. Con este personaje comenzaba <strong>Krauze</strong> su obra, y con él da por finalizado un ameno repaso al siglo XIX mexicano. Nos encontramos, al fin y al cabo, ante un trabajo que, a pesar de sus numerosas lagunas –fruto del modelo prosopográfico escogido por el autor- sabe despertar en el lector el interés por la cuestión mexicana. <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong> no nos ofrece un repaso exhaustivo de la Historia de México. Sin embargo, todo aquel que tenga una mínima base sobre los asuntos planteados, valorará esta obra como un tesoro y, por qué no, como fuente de conocimientos.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Bibliografía:</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[1] </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Siglo de caudillos; </em>Enrique Krauze - Barcelona - Tusquest - 1994.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[2] </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Historia Universal Contemporánea I; </em>Javier Paredes (Coord.) - Barcelona - Ariel - 2004.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[3] </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>La emancipación de Hispanoamérica</em>; Jaime Delgado Martín.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[4] </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Las revoluciones hispanoamericanas 1808-1826; </em>John Lynch - Barcelona - Ariel- 2008.</span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Maxims related to good behavior.]]></title>
<link>http://civilwargazette.wordpress.com/2007/05/10/maxims-related-to-good-behavior/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2007 02:12:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>tellinghistory</dc:creator>
<guid>http://civilwargazette.wordpress.com/2007/05/10/maxims-related-to-good-behavior/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Jackson began keeping his book of maxims in 1848. He polished and gave attention to them while on th]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jackson began keeping his <b><i>book of maxims</i></b> in <b>1848</b>. He polished and gave attention to them while on the faculty at VMI in the early 1850s.</p>
<p>The original book is held at <a href="http://www.tulane.edu/%7Elmiller/Military.html#CivilWar" target="_blank">Tulane University</a>.</p>
<p>“The <a href="http://www.civilwar.vt.edu/featured/maxims.html" target="_blank">maxims</a>–Jackson’s self-selected principles of personal conduct and self-improvement–are brief and to the point. They were recorded by the general in a small blue-marbled notebook over a five-year period, starting in 1848, and are largely drawn from the collective practical and philosophical teachings of others who influenced Jackson’s life, including Lord Chesterfield, John Bunyan, Joel Parker, O. S. Foster, George Winfred Hervey, and, most significantly to Jackson, the Bible.”</p>
<p>He was not the original author of most of the sayings. Instead, he compiled them and organized them according to to three major headings. The first was <a href="http://stonewallslegacy.wordpress.com/2006/11/19/maxims-related-to-accumulating-friends/" target="_blank"><i><b>accumulating friends</b></i></a>.  The second heading related to <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;"><a href="http://stonewallslegacy.wordpress.com/2006/11/19/maxims-related-to-social-conversation/" target="_blank">social conversation</a>.   </span>The third relates to <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;"><a href="http://stonewallslegacy.wordpress.com/2006/11/19/maxims-related-to-good-behavior/" target="_blank">good behavior</a>.</span></p>
<p>1. Through life let your principal object be the discharge of your duty: if anything conflicts with is, adhere to the former and sacrifice the latter.</p>
<blockquote><p>Be sociable - speak to all who speak to you and those whose acquaintance you do not wish to avoid, hesitate not to notice them first.</p>
<p>When in company, do not endeavor to monopolize all the conversation unless such monopolization appears necessary, but be content with listening and gaining information, yet converse rather than suffer conversation to draw to a close unnecessarily.</p></blockquote>
<p>2.  Disregard public opinion when it interfears with your duty.</p>
<blockquote><p>After you have formed an acquaintance with an individual, never allow it to draw to a close without a cause.</p></blockquote>
<p>3. Endeavor to be at peace with all men.</p>
<blockquote><p> Never speak disrespectfully of any one without a cause.</p></blockquote>
<p>4. Endeavor to do well every thing which you undertake through preference.</p>
<p>5. Spare no effort to suppress selfishness unless that effort would entail sorrow.</p>
<p>6. Sacrifice your life rather than your word.</p>
<blockquote><p>Be temperate. Eat too little rather than too much.</p></blockquote>
<p>7.  Let your conduct towards men have some uniformity.</p>
<blockquote><p>Temperance - Eat not to dullness, drink not to elevation.</p>
<p>Silence - speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid triffling conversation.</p>
<p>Order - Let all things have their places: let each part of your business have its time.</p></blockquote>
<p>8. Resolution - Resolve to perform what you ought: perform without fail what you resolve.</p>
<blockquote><p>Frugality - Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e., waste nothing.</p>
<p>Industry - Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.</p>
<p>Sincerity -Use no hurtful deceit: think innocently and justly, and if you speak, speak accordingly.</p>
<p>Justice - Wrong none by doing injuries or ommitting the benfits that are your duty.</p>
<p>Moderation -Avoid extremes: forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.</p>
<p>Cleanliness - Tolerate no uncleanliness in body clothes or habitation.</p>
<p>Tranquility - Be not disturbed at trifles nor at accidents common or unavoidable.</p>
<p>Chastity</p>
<p>Humility</p>
<p>You may be whatever you resolve to be.</p></blockquote>
<p>Motives to action (Viz)</p>
<p>1. Regard to your own happiness.</p>
<p>2. Regard for the family to which you belong.</p>
<p>3. Strive to attain a very great elevation of character.</p>
<p>4. Fix upon a high standard of character.</p>
<p>5. Fix upon a high standard of action</p>
<blockquote><p> It is man’s highest interest not to violate or attempt to violate the rules which infinite wisdom has laid down.</p>
<p>The means by which men are to attain great elevation may be classed in three great divisions: physical, mental &#38; moral.<br />
Whatever relates to health belongs to the first.<br />
Whatever relates improvement of the mind belongs to the second.<br />
The formation of good manners &#38; virtuous habits constitutes [the ] third.</p></blockquote>
<p>Politeness and good-breeding</p>
<blockquote><p> Good breeding or true politeness is the art of showing men by external signs the internal regard we have for them.</p>
<p>It arises from good sense improved by good company.</p>
<p>It must be acquired by practice and not by books.</p>
<p>Be kind, condescending &#38; affable.</p>
<p>Any one who has any thing to say to a fellow human being to say it with a kind feeling &#38; sincere desire to please &#38; this when ever it is done will atone for much awkwardness in the manner of expression.</p>
<p>Forced complaisance is fopping 9sic0 &#38; affected easiness is ridiculous.</p>
<p>Good breeding is opposed to selfishness, vanity or pride.</p>
<p>Endeavor to please with out hardly allowing it to be perceived.</p>
<p>Plain rules for attaining the character of a well bred man:</p>
<p>1. Never weary your company by talking too long or too frequently.<br />
2. Always look people in the face when addressing them &#38; generally when they address you.<br />
3. Attend to a person who is addressing you.<br />
4. Do not interrupt the person who speaking by saying yes or no &#38; such at every sentence.<br />
An occasional assent by word or action may be well enough.</p></blockquote>
<p>List source in <b>Robertson, <i>Stonewall Jackson,</i> </b>[1997: 154ff.] .</p>
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